Instead of popping only the maximum element from the heap during each
iteration, we now pop the two largest elements at once.  Although this
introduces an additional comparison to determine the second largest
element, it enables a reduction in the height of the tree by one during
the heapify operations starting from root's left/right child.  This
reduction in tree height by one leads to a decrease of one comparison and
one swap.

This optimization results in saving approximately 0.5 * n swaps without
increasing the number of comparisons.  Additionally, the heap size during
heapify is now one less than the original size, offering a chance for
further reduction in comparisons and swaps.

The following experimental data is based on the array generated using
get_random_u32().

| N     | swaps (old) | swaps (new) | comparisons (old) | comparisons (new) |
|-------|-------------|-------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 1000  | 9054        | 8569        | 10328             | 10320             |
| 2000  | 20137       | 19182       | 22634             | 22587             |
| 3000  | 32062       | 30623       | 35833             | 35752             |
| 4000  | 44274       | 42282       | 49332             | 49306             |
| 5000  | 57195       | 54676       | 63300             | 63294             |
| 6000  | 70205       | 67202       | 77599             | 77557             |
| 7000  | 83276       | 79831       | 92113             | 92032             |
| 8000  | 96630       | 92678       | 106635            | 106617            |
| 9000  | 110349      | 105883      | 121505            | 121404            |
| 10000 | 124165      | 119202      | 136628            | 136617            |


Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240113031352.2395118-3-visitorckw@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Cc: Ching-Chun (Jim) Huang <jserv@ccns.ncku.edu.tw>
Cc: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>