btrfs: fix lock inversion problem when doing qgroup extent tracing

At btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post() we call btrfs_find_all_roots() with a
NULL value as the transaction handle argument, which makes that function
take the commit_root_sem semaphore, which is necessary when we don't hold
a transaction handle or any other mechanism to prevent a transaction
commit from wiping out commit roots.

However btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post() can be called in a context where
we are holding a write lock on an extent buffer from a subvolume tree,
namely from btrfs_truncate_inode_items(), called either during truncate
or unlink operations. In this case we end up with a lock inversion problem
because the commit_root_sem is a higher level lock, always supposed to be
acquired before locking any extent buffer.

Lockdep detects this lock inversion problem since we switched the extent
buffer locks from custom locks to semaphores, and when running btrfs/158
from fstests, it reported the following trace:

[ 9057.626435] ======================================================
[ 9057.627541] WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
[ 9057.628334] 5.14.0-rc2-btrfs-next-93 #1 Not tainted
[ 9057.628961] ------------------------------------------------------
[ 9057.629867] kworker/u16:4/30781 is trying to acquire lock:
[ 9057.630824] ffff8e2590f58760 (btrfs-tree-00){++++}-{3:3}, at: __btrfs_tree_read_lock+0x24/0x110 [btrfs]
[ 9057.632542]
               but task is already holding lock:
[ 9057.633551] ffff8e25582d4b70 (&fs_info->commit_root_sem){++++}-{3:3}, at: iterate_extent_inodes+0x10b/0x280 [btrfs]
[ 9057.635255]
               which lock already depends on the new lock.

[ 9057.636292]
               the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
[ 9057.637240]
               -> #1 (&fs_info->commit_root_sem){++++}-{3:3}:
[ 9057.638138]        down_read+0x46/0x140
[ 9057.638648]        btrfs_find_all_roots+0x41/0x80 [btrfs]
[ 9057.639398]        btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post+0x37/0x70 [btrfs]
[ 9057.640283]        btrfs_add_delayed_data_ref+0x418/0x490 [btrfs]
[ 9057.641114]        btrfs_free_extent+0x35/0xb0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.641819]        btrfs_truncate_inode_items+0x424/0xf70 [btrfs]
[ 9057.642643]        btrfs_evict_inode+0x454/0x4f0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.643418]        evict+0xcf/0x1d0
[ 9057.643895]        do_unlinkat+0x1e9/0x300
[ 9057.644525]        do_syscall_64+0x3b/0xc0
[ 9057.645110]        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[ 9057.645835]
               -> #0 (btrfs-tree-00){++++}-{3:3}:
[ 9057.646600]        __lock_acquire+0x130e/0x2210
[ 9057.647248]        lock_acquire+0xd7/0x310
[ 9057.647773]        down_read_nested+0x4b/0x140
[ 9057.648350]        __btrfs_tree_read_lock+0x24/0x110 [btrfs]
[ 9057.649175]        btrfs_read_lock_root_node+0x31/0x40 [btrfs]
[ 9057.650010]        btrfs_search_slot+0x537/0xc00 [btrfs]
[ 9057.650849]        scrub_print_warning_inode+0x89/0x370 [btrfs]
[ 9057.651733]        iterate_extent_inodes+0x1e3/0x280 [btrfs]
[ 9057.652501]        scrub_print_warning+0x15d/0x2f0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.653264]        scrub_handle_errored_block.isra.0+0x135f/0x1640 [btrfs]
[ 9057.654295]        scrub_bio_end_io_worker+0x101/0x2e0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.655111]        btrfs_work_helper+0xf8/0x400 [btrfs]
[ 9057.655831]        process_one_work+0x247/0x5a0
[ 9057.656425]        worker_thread+0x55/0x3c0
[ 9057.656993]        kthread+0x155/0x180
[ 9057.657494]        ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[ 9057.658030]
               other info that might help us debug this:

[ 9057.659064]  Possible unsafe locking scenario:

[ 9057.659824]        CPU0                    CPU1
[ 9057.660402]        ----                    ----
[ 9057.660988]   lock(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
[ 9057.661581]                                lock(btrfs-tree-00);
[ 9057.662348]                                lock(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
[ 9057.663254]   lock(btrfs-tree-00);
[ 9057.663690]
                *** DEADLOCK ***

[ 9057.664437] 4 locks held by kworker/u16:4/30781:
[ 9057.665023]  #0: ffff8e25922a1148 ((wq_completion)btrfs-scrub){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x1c7/0x5a0
[ 9057.666260]  #1: ffffabb3451ffe70 ((work_completion)(&work->normal_work)){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x1c7/0x5a0
[ 9057.667639]  #2: ffff8e25922da198 (&ret->mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: scrub_handle_errored_block.isra.0+0x5d2/0x1640 [btrfs]
[ 9057.669017]  #3: ffff8e25582d4b70 (&fs_info->commit_root_sem){++++}-{3:3}, at: iterate_extent_inodes+0x10b/0x280 [btrfs]
[ 9057.670408]
               stack backtrace:
[ 9057.670976] CPU: 7 PID: 30781 Comm: kworker/u16:4 Not tainted 5.14.0-rc2-btrfs-next-93 #1
[ 9057.672030] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[ 9057.673492] Workqueue: btrfs-scrub btrfs_work_helper [btrfs]
[ 9057.674258] Call Trace:
[ 9057.674588]  dump_stack_lvl+0x57/0x72
[ 9057.675083]  check_noncircular+0xf3/0x110
[ 9057.675611]  __lock_acquire+0x130e/0x2210
[ 9057.676132]  lock_acquire+0xd7/0x310
[ 9057.676605]  ? __btrfs_tree_read_lock+0x24/0x110 [btrfs]
[ 9057.677313]  ? lock_is_held_type+0xe8/0x140
[ 9057.677849]  down_read_nested+0x4b/0x140
[ 9057.678349]  ? __btrfs_tree_read_lock+0x24/0x110 [btrfs]
[ 9057.679068]  __btrfs_tree_read_lock+0x24/0x110 [btrfs]
[ 9057.679760]  btrfs_read_lock_root_node+0x31/0x40 [btrfs]
[ 9057.680458]  btrfs_search_slot+0x537/0xc00 [btrfs]
[ 9057.681083]  ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x29/0x40
[ 9057.681594]  ? btrfs_find_all_roots_safe+0x11f/0x140 [btrfs]
[ 9057.682336]  scrub_print_warning_inode+0x89/0x370 [btrfs]
[ 9057.683058]  ? btrfs_find_all_roots_safe+0x11f/0x140 [btrfs]
[ 9057.683834]  ? scrub_write_block_to_dev_replace+0xb0/0xb0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.684632]  iterate_extent_inodes+0x1e3/0x280 [btrfs]
[ 9057.685316]  scrub_print_warning+0x15d/0x2f0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.685977]  ? ___ratelimit+0xa4/0x110
[ 9057.686460]  scrub_handle_errored_block.isra.0+0x135f/0x1640 [btrfs]
[ 9057.687316]  scrub_bio_end_io_worker+0x101/0x2e0 [btrfs]
[ 9057.688021]  btrfs_work_helper+0xf8/0x400 [btrfs]
[ 9057.688649]  ? lock_is_held_type+0xe8/0x140
[ 9057.689180]  process_one_work+0x247/0x5a0
[ 9057.689696]  worker_thread+0x55/0x3c0
[ 9057.690175]  ? process_one_work+0x5a0/0x5a0
[ 9057.690731]  kthread+0x155/0x180
[ 9057.691158]  ? set_kthread_struct+0x40/0x40
[ 9057.691697]  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30

Fix this by making btrfs_find_all_roots() never attempt to lock the
commit_root_sem when it is called from btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post().

We can't just pass a non-NULL transaction handle to btrfs_find_all_roots()
from btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(), because that would make backref
lookup not use commit roots and acquire read locks on extent buffers, and
therefore could deadlock when btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post() is called
from the btrfs_truncate_inode_items() code path which has acquired a write
lock on an extent buffer of the subvolume btree.

CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.19+
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

fs/btrfs/backref.c

@@ -1488,15 +1488,15 @@ static int btrfs_find_all_roots_safe(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 int btrfs_find_all_roots(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			 struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr,
 			 u64 time_seq, struct ulist **roots,
-			 bool ignore_offset)
+			 bool ignore_offset, bool skip_commit_root_sem)
 {
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!trans)
+	if (!trans && !skip_commit_root_sem)
 		down_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots_safe(trans, fs_info, bytenr,
 					time_seq, roots, ignore_offset);
-	if (!trans)
+	if (!trans && !skip_commit_root_sem)
 		up_read(&fs_info->commit_root_sem);
 	return ret;
 }

fs/btrfs/backref.h

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ int btrfs_find_all_leafs(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			 const u64 *extent_item_pos, bool ignore_offset);
 int btrfs_find_all_roots(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			 struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr,
-			 u64 time_seq, struct ulist **roots, bool ignore_offset);
+			 u64 time_seq, struct ulist **roots, bool ignore_offset,
+			 bool skip_commit_root_sem);
 char *btrfs_ref_to_path(struct btrfs_root *fs_root, struct btrfs_path *path,
 			u32 name_len, unsigned long name_off,
 			struct extent_buffer *eb_in, u64 parent,

fs/btrfs/delayed-ref.c

@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ int btrfs_add_delayed_tree_ref(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 		kmem_cache_free(btrfs_delayed_tree_ref_cachep, ref);
 
 	if (qrecord_inserted)
-		btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(fs_info, record);
+		btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(trans, record);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ int btrfs_add_delayed_data_ref(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 
 
 	if (qrecord_inserted)
-		return btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(fs_info, record);
+		return btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(trans, record);
 	return 0;
 }
 

fs/btrfs/qgroup.c

@@ -1704,17 +1704,39 @@ int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_nolock(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 				   struct btrfs_qgroup_extent_record *qrecord)
 {
 	struct ulist *old_root;
 	u64 bytenr = qrecord->bytenr;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(NULL, fs_info, bytenr, 0, &old_root, false);
+	/*
+	 * We are always called in a context where we are already holding a
+	 * transaction handle. Often we are called when adding a data delayed
+	 * reference from btrfs_truncate_inode_items() (truncating or unlinking),
+	 * in which case we will be holding a write lock on extent buffer from a
+	 * subvolume tree. In this case we can't allow btrfs_find_all_roots() to
+	 * acquire fs_info->commit_root_sem, because that is a higher level lock
+	 * that must be acquired before locking any extent buffers.
+	 *
+	 * So we want btrfs_find_all_roots() to not acquire the commit_root_sem
+	 * but we can't pass it a non-NULL transaction handle, because otherwise
+	 * it would not use commit roots and would lock extent buffers, causing
+	 * a deadlock if it ends up trying to read lock the same extent buffer
+	 * that was previously write locked at btrfs_truncate_inode_items().
+	 *
+	 * So pass a NULL transaction handle to btrfs_find_all_roots() and
+	 * explicitly tell it to not acquire the commit_root_sem - if we are
+	 * holding a transaction handle we don't need its protection.
+	 */
+	ASSERT(trans != NULL);
+
+	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(NULL, trans->fs_info, bytenr, 0, &old_root,
+				   false, true);
 	if (ret < 0) {
-		fs_info->qgroup_flags |= BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_INCONSISTENT;
-		btrfs_warn(fs_info,
+		trans->fs_info->qgroup_flags |= BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_INCONSISTENT;
+		btrfs_warn(trans->fs_info,
 "error accounting new delayed refs extent (err code: %d), quota inconsistent",
 			ret);
 		return 0;
@@ -1758,7 +1780,7 @@ int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, u64 bytenr,
 		kfree(record);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	return btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(fs_info, record);
+	return btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(trans, record);
 }
 
 int btrfs_qgroup_trace_leaf_items(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
@@ -2629,7 +2651,7 @@ int btrfs_qgroup_account_extents(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans)
 				/* Search commit root to find old_roots */
 				ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(NULL, fs_info,
 						record->bytenr, 0,
-						&record->old_roots, false);
+						&record->old_roots, false, false);
 				if (ret < 0)
 					goto cleanup;
 			}
@@ -2645,7 +2667,7 @@ int btrfs_qgroup_account_extents(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans)
 			 * current root. It's safe inside commit_transaction().
 			 */
 			ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(trans, fs_info,
-				record->bytenr, BTRFS_SEQ_LAST, &new_roots, false);
+			   record->bytenr, BTRFS_SEQ_LAST, &new_roots, false, false);
 			if (ret < 0)
 				goto cleanup;
 			if (qgroup_to_skip) {
@@ -3179,7 +3201,7 @@ static int qgroup_rescan_leaf(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			num_bytes = found.offset;
 
 		ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(NULL, fs_info, found.objectid, 0,
-					   &roots, false);
+					   &roots, false, false);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			goto out;
 		/* For rescan, just pass old_roots as NULL */

fs/btrfs/qgroup.h

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_nolock(
  * using current root, then we can move all expensive backref walk out of
  * transaction committing, but not now as qgroup accounting will be wrong again.
  */
-int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+int btrfs_qgroup_trace_extent_post(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 				   struct btrfs_qgroup_extent_record *qrecord);
 
 /*

fs/btrfs/tests/qgroup-tests.c

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static int test_no_shared_qgroup(struct btrfs_root *root,
 	 * quota.
 	 */
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &old_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		test_err("couldn't find old roots: %d", ret);
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ static int test_no_shared_qgroup(struct btrfs_root *root,
 		return ret;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &new_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		ulist_free(new_roots);
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ static int test_no_shared_qgroup(struct btrfs_root *root,
 	new_roots = NULL;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &old_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		test_err("couldn't find old roots: %d", ret);
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ static int test_no_shared_qgroup(struct btrfs_root *root,
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &new_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		ulist_free(new_roots);
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 	}
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &old_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		test_err("couldn't find old roots: %d", ret);
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 		return ret;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &new_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		ulist_free(new_roots);
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 	}
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &old_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		test_err("couldn't find old roots: %d", ret);
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 		return ret;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &new_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		ulist_free(new_roots);
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 	}
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &old_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		test_err("couldn't find old roots: %d", ret);
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ static int test_multiple_refs(struct btrfs_root *root,
 		return ret;
 
 	ret = btrfs_find_all_roots(&trans, fs_info, nodesize, 0, &new_roots,
-			false);
+			false, false);
 	if (ret) {
 		ulist_free(old_roots);
 		ulist_free(new_roots);