struct perf_event_attr initialization is spread into
perf_event_initialize() and perf_event_attr_initialize() and setting
->config is hardcoded by the deepest level.

perf_event_attr init belongs to perf_event_attr_initialize() so move it
entirely there. Rename the other function
perf_event_initialized_read_format().

Call each init function directly from the test as they will take
different parameters (especially true after the perf related global
variables are moved to local variables).
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Naming for perf event related functions, types, and variables is
inconsistent.

Make struct read_format and all functions related to perf events start
with "perf_". Adjust variable names towards the same direction but use
shorter names for variables where appropriate (pe prefix).
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Perf event handling has functions that are the sole caller of another
perf event handling related function:
  - reset_enable_llc_perf() calls perf_event_open_llc_miss()
  - perf_event_measure() calls get_llc_perf()

Remove the extra layer of calls to make the code easier to follow by
moving the code into the calling function.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Perf counters are __u64 but the code converts them to unsigned long
before printing them out.

Remove unnecessary type conversion and retain the perf originating
value as __u64.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

show_cache_info() calculates results and provides generic cache
information. This makes it hard to alter pass/fail conditions.

Separate the test specific checks into CAT and CMT test files and
leave only the generic information part into show_cache_info().
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

measure_cache_vals() does a different thing depending on the test case
that called it:
  - For CAT, it measures LLC misses through perf.
  - For CMT, it measures LLC occupancy through resctrl.

Split these two functionalities into own functions the CAT and CMT
tests can call directly. Replace passing the struct resctrl_val_param
parameter with the filename because it's more generic and all those
functions need out of resctrl_val.
Co-developed-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

CAT test doesn't take shareable bits into account, i.e., the test might
be sharing cache with some devices (e.g., graphics).

Introduce get_mask_no_shareable() and use it to provision an
environment for CAT test where the allocated LLC is isolated better.
Excluding shareable_bits may create hole(s) into the cbm_mask, thus add
a new helper count_contiguous_bits() to find the longest contiguous set
of CBM bits.

create_bit_mask() is needed by an upcoming CAT test rewrite so make it
available in resctrl.h right away.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

CAT and CMT tests calculate size of the cache portion for the n-bits
cache allocation on their own.

Add cache_portion_size() helper that calculates size of the cache
portion for the given number of bits and use it to replace the existing
span calculations. This also prepares for the new CAT test that will
need to determine the size of the cache portion also during results
processing.

Rename also 'cache_size' local variables to 'cache_total_size' to
prevent misinterpretations.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

get_cache_size() does not modify cache_type so it could be const.

Mark cache_type const so that const char * can be passed to it. This
prevents warnings once many of the test parameters are marked const.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Callers of get_cbm_mask() are required to pass a string into which the
capacity bitmask (CBM) is read. Neither CAT nor CMT tests need the
bitmask as string but just convert it into an unsigned long value.

Another limitation is that the bit mask reader can only read
.../cbm_mask files.

Generalize the bit mask reading function into get_bit_mask() such that
it can be used to handle other files besides the .../cbm_mask and
handles the unsigned long conversion within get_bit_mask() using
fscanf(). Change get_cbm_mask() to use get_bit_mask() and rename it to
get_full_cbm() to better indicate what the function does.

Return error from get_full_cbm() if the bitmask is zero for some reason
because it makes the code more robust as the selftests naturally assume
the bitmask has some bits.

Also mark cache_type const while at it and remove useless comments that
are related to processing of CBM bits.
Co-developed-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

There are unnecessary nested calls in fill_buf.c:
  - run_fill_buf() calls fill_cache()
  - alloc_buffer() calls malloc_and_init_memory()

Simplify the code flow and remove those unnecessary call levels by
moving the called code inside the calling function and remove the
duplicated error print.

Resolve the difference in run_fill_buf() and fill_cache() parameter
name into 'buf_size' which is more descriptive than 'span'. Also, while
moving the allocation related code, rename 'p' into 'buf' to be
consistent in naming the variables.
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

MBM, MBA and CMT test cases call run_fill_buf() that in turn calls
fill_cache() to alloc and loop indefinitely around the buffer. This
binds buffer allocation and running the benchmark into a single bundle
so that a selftest cannot allocate a buffer once and reuse it. CAT test
doesn't want to loop around the buffer continuously and after rewrite
it needs the ability to allocate the buffer separately.

Split buffer allocation out of fill_cache() into alloc_buffer(). This
change is part of preparation for the new CAT test that allocates a
buffer and does multiple passes over the same buffer (but not in an
infinite loop).
Co-developed-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

A number function comments state the function return non-zero on
failure but in reality they can only return 0 on success and < 0 on
error.

Update the comments to say < 0 on error to match the behavior.

While at it, improve cat_val() comment to state that 0 means the test
was run (either pass or fail).
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

perf_event_open_llc_miss() calls ctrlc_handler() to cleanup if
perf_event_open() returns an error. Those cleanups, however, are not
the responsibility of perf_event_open_llc_miss() and it thus interferes
unnecessarily with the usual cleanup pattern. Worse yet,
ctrlc_handler() calls exit() in the end preventing the ordinary cleanup
done in the calling function from executing.

ctrlc_handler() should only be used as a signal handler, not during
normal error handling.

Remove call to ctrlc_handler() from perf_event_open_llc_miss(). As
unmounting resctrlfs and test cleanup are already handled properly
by error rollbacks in the calling functions, no other changes are
necessary.
Suggested-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

A number of functions in the resctrl selftests return errno. It is
problematic because errno is positive which is often counterintuitive.
Also, every site returning errno prints the error message already with
ksft_perror() so there is not much added value in returning the precise
error code.

Simply convert all places returning errno to return -1 that is typical
userspace error code in case of failures.

While at it, improve resctrl_val() comment to state that 0 means the
test was run (either pass or fail).
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

The resctrl selftest code contains a number of perror() calls. Some of
them come with hash character and some don't. The kselftest framework
provides ksft_perror() that is compatible with test output formatting
so it should be used instead of adding custom hash signs.

Some perror() calls are too far away from anything that sets error.
For those call sites, ksft_print_msg() must be used instead.

Convert perror() to ksft_perror() or ksft_print_msg().

Other related changes:
- Remove hash signs
- Remove trailing stops & newlines from ksft_perror()
- Add terminating newlines for converted ksft_print_msg()
- Use consistent capitalization
- Small fixes/tweaks to typos & grammar of the messages
- Extract error printing out of PARENT_EXIT() to be able to
  differentiate
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Reinette Chatre <reinette.chatre@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

The test proves that a syscall can be livepatched. It is interesting
because syscalls are called a tricky way. Also the process gets
livepatched either when sleeping in the userspace or when entering
or leaving the kernel space.

The livepatch is a bit tricky:
  1. The syscall function name is architecture specific. Also
     ARCH_HAS_SYSCALL_WRAPPER must be taken in account.

  2. The syscall must stay working the same way for other processes
     on the system. It is solved by decrementing a counter only
     for PIDs of the test processes. It means that the test processes
     has to call the livepatched syscall at least once.

The test creates one userspace process per online cpu. The processes
are calling getpid in a busy loop. The intention is to create random
locations when the livepatch gets enabled. Nothing is guarantted.
The magic is in the randomness.
Reviewed-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <mpdesouza@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

The modules are being moved from lib/livepatch to
tools/testing/selftests/livepatch/test_modules.

This code moving will allow writing more complex tests, like for example an
userspace C code that will call a livepatched kernel function.

The modules are now built as out-of-tree
modules, but being part of the kernel source means they will be maintained.

Another advantage of the code moving is to be able to easily change,
debug and rebuild the tests by running make on the selftests/livepatch
directory, which is not currently possible since the modules on
lib/livepatch are build and installed using the "modules" target.

The current approach also keeps the ability to execute the tests manually
by executing the scripts inside selftests/livepatch directory, as it's
currently supported. If the modules are modified, they needed to be
rebuilt before running the scripts though.

The modules are built before running the selftests when using the
kselftest invocations:

	make kselftest TARGETS=livepatch
or
	make -C tools/testing/selftests/livepatch run_tests

Having the modules being built as out-of-modules requires changing the
currently used 'modprobe' by 'insmod' and adapt the test scripts that
check for the kernel message buffer.

Now it is possible to only compile the modules by running:

	make -C tools/testing/selftests/livepatch/

This way the test modules and other test program can be built in order
to be packaged if so desired.

As there aren't any modules being built on lib/livepatch, remove the
TEST_LIVEPATCH Kconfig and it's references.

Note: "make gen_tar" packages the pre-built binaries into the tarball.
       It means that it will store the test modules pre-built for
       the kernel running on the build host.

       Note that these modules need not binary compatible with
       the kernel built from the same sources. But the same
       is true for other packaged selftest binaries.

       The entire kernel sources are needed for rebuilding
       the selftests on another system.
Reviewed-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <mpdesouza@suse.com>
Acked-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Add TEST_GEN_MODS_DIR variable for kselftests. It can point to
a directory containing kernel modules that will be used by
selftest scripts.

The modules are built as external modules for the running kernel.
As a result they are always binary compatible and the same tests
can be used for older or newer kernels.

The build requires "kernel-devel" package to be installed.
For example, in the upstream sources, the rpm devel package
is produced by "make rpm-pkg"

The modules can be built independently by

  make -C tools/testing/selftests/livepatch/

or they will be automatically built before running the tests via

  make -C tools/testing/selftests/livepatch/ run_tests

Note that they are _not_ built when running the standalone
tests by calling, for example, ./test-state.sh.

Along with TEST_GEN_MODS_DIR, it was necessary to create a new install
rule. INSTALL_MODS_RULE is needed because INSTALL_SINGLE_RULE would
copy the entire TEST_GEN_MODS_DIR directory to the destination, even
the files created by Kbuild to compile the modules. The new install
rule copies only the .ko files, as we would expect the gen_tar to work.
Reviewed-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <mpdesouza@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

Pull more bcachefs updates from Kent Overstreet:
 "Some fixes, Some refactoring, some minor features:

   - Assorted prep work for disk space accounting rewrite

   - BTREE_TRIGGER_ATOMIC: after combining our trigger callbacks, this
     makes our trigger context more explicit

   - A few fixes to avoid excessive transaction restarts on
     multithreaded workloads: fstests (in addition to ktest tests) are
     now checking slowpath counters, and that's shaking out a few bugs

   - Assorted tracepoint improvements

   - Starting to break up bcachefs_format.h and move on disk types so
     they're with the code they belong to; this will make room to start
     documenting the on disk format better.

   - A few minor fixes"

* tag 'bcachefs-2024-01-21' of https://evilpiepirate.org/git/bcachefs: (46 commits)
  bcachefs: Improve inode_to_text()
  bcachefs: logged_ops_format.h
  bcachefs: reflink_format.h
  bcachefs; extents_format.h
  bcachefs: ec_format.h
  bcachefs: subvolume_format.h
  bcachefs: snapshot_format.h
  bcachefs: alloc_background_format.h
  bcachefs: xattr_format.h
  bcachefs: dirent_format.h
  bcachefs: inode_format.h
  bcachefs; quota_format.h
  bcachefs: sb-counters_format.h
  bcachefs: counters.c -> sb-counters.c
  bcachefs: comment bch_subvolume
  bcachefs: bch_snapshot::btime
  bcachefs: add missing __GFP_NOWARN
  bcachefs: opts->compression can now also be applied in the background
  bcachefs: Prep work for variable size btree node buffers
  bcachefs: grab s_umount only if snapshotting
  ...

Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Updates for time and clocksources:

   - A fix for the idle and iowait time accounting vs CPU hotplug.

     The time is reset on CPU hotplug which makes the accumulated
     systemwide time jump backwards.

   - Assorted fixes and improvements for clocksource/event drivers"

* tag 'timers-core-2024-01-21' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tick-sched: Fix idle and iowait sleeptime accounting vs CPU hotplug
  clocksource/drivers/ep93xx: Fix error handling during probe
  clocksource/drivers/cadence-ttc: Fix some kernel-doc warnings
  clocksource/drivers/timer-ti-dm: Fix make W=n kerneldoc warnings
  clocksource/timer-riscv: Add riscv_clock_shutdown callback
  dt-bindings: timer: Add StarFive JH8100 clint
  dt-bindings: timer: thead,c900-aclint-mtimer: separate mtime and mtimecmp regs

Pull powerpc fixes from Aneesh Kumar:

 - Increase default stack size to 32KB for Book3S

Thanks to Michael Ellerman.

* tag 'powerpc-6.8-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
  powerpc/64s: Increase default stack size to 32KB

Add line breaks - inode_to_text() is now much easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

bcachefs_format.h has gotten too big; let's do some organizing.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Add a field to bch_snapshot for creation time; this will be important
when we start exposing the snapshot tree to userspace.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>