- 05 May, 2021 40 commits
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Chengyang Fan authored
Since commit 6514d511 ("ksm: singly-linked rmap_list") was merged, remove_trailing_rmap_items() doesn't use the 'mm_slot' parameter. So remove it, and update caller accordingly. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330121320.1693474-1-cy.fan@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Chengyang Fan <cy.fan@huawei.com> Reviewed-by:
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Miaohe Lin authored
When removing rmap_item from stable tree, STABLE_FLAG of rmap_item is cleared with head reserved. So the following scenario might happen: For ksm page with rmap_item1: cmp_and_merge_page stable_node->head = &migrate_nodes; remove_rmap_item_from_tree, but head still equal to stable_node; try_to_merge_with_ksm_page failed; return; For the same ksm page with rmap_item2, stable node migration succeed this time. The stable_node->head does not equal to migrate_nodes now. For ksm page with rmap_item1 again: cmp_and_merge_page stable_node->head != &migrate_nodes && rmap_item->head == stable_node return; We would miss the rmap_item for stable_node and might result in failed rmap_walk_ksm(). Fix this by set rmap_item->head to NULL when rmap_item is removed from stable tree. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330140228.45635-5-linmiaohe@huawei.com Fixes: 4146d2d6 ("ksm: make !merge_across_nodes migration safe") Signed-off-by:
Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
The macro KSM_FLAG_MASK is used in rmap_walk_ksm() only. So we can replace ~KSM_FLAG_MASK with PAGE_MASK to remove this dedicated macro and make code more consistent because PAGE_MASK is used elsewhere in this file. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330140228.45635-4-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
It's unnecessary to lock the page when get ksm page if we're going to remove the rmap item as page migration is irrelevant in this case. Use GET_KSM_PAGE_NOLOCK instead to save some page lock cycles. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330140228.45635-3-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
Patch series "Cleanup and fixup for ksm". This series contains cleanups to remove unnecessary VM_BUG_ON_PAGE and dedicated macro KSM_FLAG_MASK. Also this fixes potential missing rmap_item for stable_node which would result in failed rmap_walk_ksm(). More details can be found in the respective changelogs. This patch (of 4): The same VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() check is already done in the callee. Remove these extra caller one to simplify code slightly. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330140228.45635-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330140228.45635-2-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
size_t in cma_alloc is confusing since it makes people think it's byte count, not pages. Change it to unsigned long[1]. The unsigned int in cma_release is also not right so change it. Since we have unsigned long in cma_release, free_contig_range should also respect it. [1] 67a2e213, mm: cma: fix incorrect type conversion for size during dma allocation Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210324043434.GP1719932@casper.infradead.org/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210331164018.710560-1-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
There were missing places to add cma instance name. To identify each CMA instance, let's add the name for every cma trace. This patch also changes the existing cma_trace_alloc to cma_trace_finish since we have cma_alloc_start[1]. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210324160740.15901-1-georgi.djakov@linaro.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210330220237.748899-1-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
Since CMA is getting used more widely, it's more important to keep monitoring CMA statistics for system health since it's directly related to user experience. This patch introduces sysfs statistics for CMA, in order to provide some basic monitoring of the CMA allocator. * the number of CMA page successful allocations * the number of CMA page allocation failures These two values allow the user to calcuate the allocation failure rate for each CMA area. e.g.) /sys/kernel/mm/cma/WIFI/alloc_pages_[success|fail] /sys/kernel/mm/cma/SENSOR/alloc_pages_[success|fail] /sys/kernel/mm/cma/BLUETOOTH/alloc_pages_[success|fail] The cma_stat was intentionally allocated by dynamic allocation to harmonize with kobject lifetime management. https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/YCOAmXqt6dZkCQYs@kroah.com/ Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210324230759.2213957-1-minchan@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20210316100433.17665-1-colin.king@canonical.com/Signed-off-by:
Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Tested-by:
Dmitry Osipenko <digetx@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by:
John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Tested-by:
Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Signed-off-by:
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Liam Mark authored
Add cma and migrate trace events to enable CMA allocation performance to be measured via ftrace. [georgi.djakov@linaro.org: add the CMA instance name to the cma_alloc_start trace event] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210326155414.25006-1-georgi.djakov@linaro.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210324160740.15901-1-georgi.djakov@linaro.orgSigned-off-by:
Liam Mark <lmark@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by:
Georgi Djakov <georgi.djakov@linaro.org> Acked-by:
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Baolin Wang authored
If we did not reserve extra CMA memory, the log buffer can be easily filled up by CMA failure warning when the devices calling dmam_alloc_coherent() to alloc DMA memory. Thus we can use pr_err_ratelimited() instead to reduce the duplicate CMA warning. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ce2251ef49e1727a9a40531d1996660b05462bd2.1615279825.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by:
Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
Since CMA is used more widely, it's worth to have CMA allocation statistics into vmstat. With it, we could know how agressively system uses cma allocation and how often it fails. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210302183346.3707237-1-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
This reverts commit c77c5cba. Since commit c77c5cba ("mm: migrate: skip shared exec THP for NUMA balancing"), the NUMA balancing would skip shared exec transhuge page. But this enhancement is not suitable for transhuge page. Because it's required that page_mapcount() must be 1 due to no migration pte dance is done here. On the other hand, the shared exec transhuge page will leave the migrate_misplaced_page() with pte entry untouched and page locked. Thus pagefault for NUMA will be triggered again and deadlock occurs when we start waiting for the page lock held by ourselves. Yang Shi said: "Thanks for catching this. By relooking the code I think the other important reason for removing this is migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() actually can't see shared exec file THP at all since page_lock_anon_vma_read() is called before and if page is not anonymous page it will just restore the PMD without migrating anything. The pages for private mapped file vma may be anonymous pages due to COW but they can't be THP so it won't trigger THP numa fault at all. I think this is why no bug was reported. I overlooked this in the first place." Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-6-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
It's more recommended to use helper function migrate_vma_collect_skip() to skip the unexpected case and it also helps remove some duplicated codes. Move migrate_vma_collect_skip() above migrate_vma_collect_hole() to avoid compiler warning. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-5-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
If the zone device page does not belong to un-addressable device memory, the variable entry will be uninitialized and lead to indeterminate pte entry ultimately. Fix this unexpected case and warn about it. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-4-linmiaohe@huawei.com Fixes: df6ad698 ("mm/device-public-memory: device memory cache coherent with CPU") Signed-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
It's guaranteed that in the 'else' case of the rc == MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS check, rc does not equal to MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS. Remove this unnecessary check. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-3-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
Patch series "Cleanup and fixup for mm/migrate.c", v3. This series contains cleanups to remove unnecessary VM_BUG_ON_PAGE and rc != MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS check. Also use helper function to remove some duplicated codes. What's more, this fixes potential deadlock in NUMA balancing shared exec THP case and so on. More details can be found in the respective changelogs. This patch (of 5): The putback_movable_page() is just called by putback_movable_pages() and we know the page is locked and both PageMovable() and PageIsolated() is checked right before calling putback_movable_page(). So we make it static and remove all the 3 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210325131524.48181-2-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
Pages containing buffer_heads that are in one of the per-CPU buffer_head LRU caches will be pinned and thus cannot be migrated. This can prevent CMA allocations from succeeding, which are often used on platforms with co-processors (such as a DSP) that can only use physically contiguous memory. It can also prevent memory hot-unplugging from succeeding, which involves migrating at least MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE bytes of memory, which ranges from 8 MiB to 1 GiB based on the architecture in use. Correspondingly, invalidate the BH LRU caches before a migration starts and stop any buffer_head from being cached in the LRU caches, until migration has finished. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319175127.886124-3-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Chris Goldsworthy <cgoldswo@codeaurora.org> Reported-by:
Laura Abbott <labbott@kernel.org> Tested-by:
Oliver Sang <oliver.sang@intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
Currently, migrate_[prep|finish] is merely a wrapper of lru_cache_[disable|enable]. There is not much to gain from having additional abstraction. Use lru_cache_[disable|enable] instead of migrate_[prep|finish], which would be more descriptive. note: migrate_prep_local in compaction.c changed into lru_add_drain to avoid CPU schedule cost with involving many other CPUs to keep old behavior. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319175127.886124-2-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
LRU pagevec holds refcount of pages until the pagevec are drained. It could prevent migration since the refcount of the page is greater than the expection in migration logic. To mitigate the issue, callers of migrate_pages drains LRU pagevec via migrate_prep or lru_add_drain_all before migrate_pages call. However, it's not enough because pages coming into pagevec after the draining call still could stay at the pagevec so it could keep preventing page migration. Since some callers of migrate_pages have retrial logic with LRU draining, the page would migrate at next trail but it is still fragile in that it doesn't close the fundamental race between upcoming LRU pages into pagvec and migration so the migration failure could cause contiguous memory allocation failure in the end. To close the race, this patch disables lru caches(i.e, pagevec) during ongoing migration until migrate is done. Since it's really hard to reproduce, I measured how many times migrate_pages retried with force mode(it is about a fallback to a sync migration) with below debug code. int migrate_pages(struct list_head *from, new_page_t get_new_page, .. .. if (rc && reason == MR_CONTIG_RANGE && pass > 2) { printk(KERN_ERR, "pfn 0x%lx reason %d", page_to_pfn(page), rc); dump_page(page, "fail to migrate"); } The test was repeating android apps launching with cma allocation in background every five seconds. Total cma allocation count was about 500 during the testing. With this patch, the dump_page count was reduced from 400 to 30. The new interface is also useful for memory hotplug which currently drains lru pcp caches after each migration failure. This is rather suboptimal as it has to disrupt others running during the operation. With the new interface the operation happens only once. This is also in line with pcp allocator cache which are disabled for the offlining as well. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210319175127.886124-1-minchan@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: -
Charan Teja Reddy authored
By definition, COMPACT[STALL|FAIL] events needs to be counted when there is 'At least in one zone compaction wasn't deferred or skipped from the direct compaction'. And when compaction is skipped or deferred, COMPACT_SKIPPED will be returned but it will still go and update these compaction events which is wrong in the sense that COMPACT[STALL|FAIL] is counted without even trying the compaction. Correct this by skipping the counting of these events when COMPACT_SKIPPED is returned for compaction. This indirectly also avoid the unnecessary try into the get_page_from_freelist() when compaction is not even tried. There is a corner case where compaction is skipped but still count COMPACTSTALL event, which is that IRQ came and freed the page and the same is captured in capture_control. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1613151184-21213-1-git-send-email-charante@codeaurora.orgSigned-off-by:
Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org> Acked-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Pintu Kumar authored
The sysctl_compact_memory is mostly unused in mm/compaction.c It just acts as a place holder for sysctl to store .data. But the .data itself is not needed here. So we can get ride of this variable completely and make .data as NULL. This will also eliminate the extern declaration from header file. No functionality is broken or changed this way. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1614852224-14671-1-git-send-email-pintu@codeaurora.orgSigned-off-by:
Pintu Kumar <pintu@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by:
Pintu Agarwal <pintu.ping@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
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Yang Shi authored
The number of deferred objects might get windup to an absurd number, and it results in clamp of slab objects. It is undesirable for sustaining workingset. So shrink deferred objects proportional to priority and cap nr_deferred to twice of cache items. The idea is borrowed from Dave Chinner's patch: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-xfs/20191031234618.15403-13-david@fromorbit.com/ Tested with kernel build and vfs metadata heavy workload in our production environment, no regression is spotted so far. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-14-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Now shrinker's nr_deferred is per memcg for memcg aware shrinkers, add to parent's corresponding nr_deferred when memcg offline. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-13-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by:
Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com> Reviewed-by:
Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Now nr_deferred is available on per memcg level for memcg aware shrinkers, so don't need allocate shrinker->nr_deferred for such shrinkers anymore. The prealloc_memcg_shrinker() would return -ENOSYS if !CONFIG_MEMCG or memcg is disabled by kernel command line, then shrinker's SHRINKER_MEMCG_AWARE flag would be cleared. This makes the implementation of this patch simpler. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-12-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Use per memcg's nr_deferred for memcg aware shrinkers. The shrinker's nr_deferred will be used in the following cases: 1. Non memcg aware shrinkers 2. !CONFIG_MEMCG 3. memcg is disabled by boot parameter Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-11-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by: -
Yang Shi authored
Currently the number of deferred objects are per shrinker, but some slabs, for example, vfs inode/dentry cache are per memcg, this would result in poor isolation among memcgs. The deferred objects typically are generated by __GFP_NOFS allocations, one memcg with excessive __GFP_NOFS allocations may blow up deferred objects, then other innocent memcgs may suffer from over shrink, excessive reclaim latency, etc. For example, two workloads run in memcgA and memcgB respectively, workload in B is vfs heavy workload. Workload in A generates excessive deferred objects, then B's vfs cache might be hit heavily (drop half of caches) by B's limit reclaim or global reclaim. We observed this hit in our production environment which was running vfs heavy workload shown as the below tracing log: <...>-409454 [016] .... 28286961.747146: mm_shrink_slab_start: super_cache_scan+0x0/0x1a0 ffff9a83046f3458: nid: 1 objects to shrink 3641681686040 gfp_flags GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO pgs_scanned 1 lru_pgs 15721 cache items 246404277 delta 31345 total_scan 123202138 <...>-409454 [022] .... 28287105.928018: mm_shrink_slab_end: super_cache_scan+0x0/0x1a0 ffff9a83046f3458: nid: 1 unused scan count 3641681686040 new scan count 3641798379189 total_scan 602 last shrinker return val 123186855 The vfs cache and page cache ratio was 10:1 on this machine, and half of caches were dropped. This also resulted in significant amount of page caches were dropped due to inodes eviction. Make nr_deferred per memcg for memcg aware shrinkers would solve the unfairness and bring better isolation. The following patch will add nr_deferred to parent memcg when memcg offline. To preserve nr_deferred when reparenting memcgs to root, root memcg needs shrinker_info allocated too. When memcg is not enabled (!CONFIG_MEMCG or memcg disabled), the shrinker's nr_deferred would be used. And non memcg aware shrinkers use shrinker's nr_deferred all the time. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-10-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Currently registered shrinker is indicated by non-NULL shrinker->nr_deferred. This approach is fine with nr_deferred at the shrinker level, but the following patches will move MEMCG_AWARE shrinkers' nr_deferred to memcg level, so their shrinker->nr_deferred would always be NULL. This would prevent the shrinkers from unregistering correctly. Remove SHRINKER_REGISTERING since we could check if shrinker is registered successfully by the new flag. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-9-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
The shrinker_info is dereferenced in a couple of places via rcu_dereference_protected with different calling conventions, for example, using mem_cgroup_nodeinfo helper or dereferencing memcg->nodeinfo[nid]->shrinker_info. And the later patch will add more dereference places. So extract the dereference into a helper to make the code more readable. No functional change. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: retain rcu_dereference_protected() in free_shrinker_info(), per Hugh] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-8-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
The following patch is going to add nr_deferred into shrinker_map, the change will make shrinker_map not only include map anymore, so rename it to "memcg_shrinker_info". And this should make the patch adding nr_deferred cleaner and readable and make review easier. Also remove the "memcg_" prefix. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-7-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Using kvfree_rcu() to free the old shrinker_maps instead of call_rcu(). We don't have to define a dedicated callback for call_rcu() anymore. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-6-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Both memcg_shrinker_map_size and shrinker_nr_max is maintained, but actually the map size can be calculated via shrinker_nr_max, so it seems unnecessary to keep both. Remove memcg_shrinker_map_size since shrinker_nr_max is also used by iterating the bit map. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-5-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Since memcg_shrinker_map_size just can be changed under holding shrinker_rwsem exclusively, the read side can be protected by holding read lock, so it sounds superfluous to have a dedicated mutex. Kirill Tkhai suggested use write lock since: * We want the assignment to shrinker_maps is visible for shrink_slab_memcg(). * The rcu_dereference_protected() dereferrencing in shrink_slab_memcg(), but in case of we use READ lock in alloc_shrinker_maps(), the dereferrencing is not actually protected. * READ lock makes alloc_shrinker_info() racy against memory allocation fail. alloc_shrinker_info()->free_shrinker_info() may free memory right after shrink_slab_memcg() dereferenced it. You may say shrink_slab_memcg()->mem_cgroup_online() protects us from it? Yes, sure, but this is not the thing we want to remember in the future, since this spreads modularity. And a test with heavy paging workload didn't show write lock makes things worse. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-4-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by: -
Yang Shi authored
The shrinker map management is not purely memcg specific, it is at the intersection between memory cgroup and shrinkers. It's allocation and assignment of a structure, and the only memcg bit is the map is being stored in a memcg structure. So move the shrinker_maps handling code into vmscan.c for tighter integration with shrinker code, and remove the "memcg_" prefix. There is no functional change. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-3-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by:
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Yang Shi authored
Patch series "Make shrinker's nr_deferred memcg aware", v10. Recently huge amount one-off slab drop was seen on some vfs metadata heavy workloads, it turned out there were huge amount accumulated nr_deferred objects seen by the shrinker. On our production machine, I saw absurd number of nr_deferred shown as the below tracing result: <...>-48776 [032] .... 27970562.458916: mm_shrink_slab_start: super_cache_scan+0x0/0x1a0 ffff9a83046f3458: nid: 0 objects to shrink 2531805877005 gfp_flags GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE pgs_scanned 32 lru_pgs 9300 cache items 1667 delta 11 total_scan 833 There are 2.5 trillion deferred objects on one node, assuming all of them are dentry (192 bytes per object), so the total size of deferred on one node is ~480TB. It is definitely ridiculous. I managed to reproduce this problem with kernel build workload plus negative dentry generator. First step, run the below kernel build test script: NR_CPUS=`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -e processor | wc -l` cd /root/Buildarea/linux-stable for i in `seq 1500`; do cgcreate -g memory:kern_build echo 4G > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/kern_build/memory.limit_in_bytes echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches cgexec -g memory:kern_build make clean > /dev/null 2>&1 cgexec -g memory:kern_build make -j$NR_CPUS > /dev/null 2>&1 cgdelete -g memory:kern_build done Then run the below negative dentry generator script: NR_CPUS=`cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep -e processor | wc -l` mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test/tasks for i in `seq $NR_CPUS`; do while true; do FILE=`head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 64` cat $FILE 2>/dev/null done & done Then kswapd will shrink half of dentry cache in just one loop as the below tracing result showed: kswapd0-475 [028] .... 305968.252561: mm_shrink_slab_start: super_cache_scan+0x0/0x190 0000000024acf00c: nid: 0 objects to shrink 4994376020 gfp_flags GFP_KERNEL cache items 93689873 delta 45746 total_scan 46844936 priority 12 kswapd0-475 [021] .... 306013.099399: mm_shrink_slab_end: super_cache_scan+0x0/0x190 0000000024acf00c: nid: 0 unused scan count 4994376020 new scan count 4947576838 total_scan 8 last shrinker return val 46844928 There were huge number of deferred objects before the shrinker was called, the behavior does match the code but it might be not desirable from the user's stand of point. The excessive amount of nr_deferred might be accumulated due to various reasons, for example: * GFP_NOFS allocation * Significant times of small amount scan (< scan_batch, 1024 for vfs metadata) However the LRUs of slabs are per memcg (memcg-aware shrinkers) but the deferred objects is per shrinker, this may have some bad effects: * Poor isolation among memcgs. Some memcgs which happen to have frequent limit reclaim may get nr_deferred accumulated to a huge number, then other innocent memcgs may take the fall. In our case the main workload was hit. * Unbounded deferred objects. There is no cap for deferred objects, it can outgrow ridiculously as the tracing result showed. * Easy to get out of control. Although shrinkers take into account deferred objects, but it can go out of control easily. One misconfigured memcg could incur absurd amount of deferred objects in a period of time. * Sort of reclaim problems, i.e. over reclaim, long reclaim latency, etc. There may be hundred GB slab caches for vfe metadata heavy workload, shrink half of them may take minutes. We observed latency spike due to the prolonged reclaim. These issues also have been discussed in https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200916185823.5347-1-shy828301@gmail.com/. The patchset is the outcome of that discussion. So this patchset makes nr_deferred per-memcg to tackle the problem. It does: * Have memcg_shrinker_deferred per memcg per node, just like what shrinker_map does. Instead it is an atomic_long_t array, each element represent one shrinker even though the shrinker is not memcg aware, this simplifies the implementation. For memcg aware shrinkers, the deferred objects are just accumulated to its own memcg. The shrinkers just see nr_deferred from its own memcg. Non memcg aware shrinkers still use global nr_deferred from struct shrinker. * Once the memcg is offlined, its nr_deferred will be reparented to its parent along with LRUs. * The root memcg has memcg_shrinker_deferred array too. It simplifies the handling of reparenting to root memcg. * Cap nr_deferred to 2x of the length of lru. The idea is borrowed from Dave Chinner's series (https://lore.kernel.org/linux-xfs/20191031234618.15403-1-david@fromorbit.com/) The downside is each memcg has to allocate extra memory to store the nr_deferred array. On our production environment, there are typically around 40 shrinkers, so each memcg needs ~320 bytes. 10K memcgs would need ~3.2MB memory. It seems fine. We have been running the patched kernel on some hosts of our fleet (test and production) for months, it works very well. The monitor data shows the working set is sustained as expected. This patch (of 13): The tracepoint's nid should show what node the shrink happens on, the start tracepoint uses nid from shrinkctl, but the nid might be set to 0 before end tracepoint if the shrinker is not NUMA aware, so the tracing log may show the shrink happens on one node but end up on the other node. It seems confusing. And the following patch will remove using nid directly in do_shrink_slab(), this patch also helps cleanup the code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-1-shy828301@gmail.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210311190845.9708-2-shy828301@gmail.comSigned-off-by: -
Dave Hansen authored
RECLAIM_ZONE was assumed to be unused because it was never explicitly used in the kernel. However, there were a number of places where it was checked implicitly by checking 'node_reclaim_mode' for a zero value. These zero checks are not great because it is not obvious what a zero mode *means* in the code. Replace them with a helper which makes it more obvious: node_reclaim_enabled(). This helper also provides a handy place to explicitly check the RECLAIM_ZONE bit itself. Check it explicitly there to make it more obvious where the bit can affect behavior. This should have no functional impact. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210219172559.BF589C44@viggo.jf.intel.comSigned-off-by:
Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by:
Ben Widawsky <ben.widawsky@intel.com> Reviewed-by:
Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Acked-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by:
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Dave Hansen authored
It is currently not obvious that the RECLAIM_* bits are part of the uapi since they are defined in vmscan.c. Move them to a uapi header to make it obvious. This should have no functional impact. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210219172557.08074910@viggo.jf.intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Axel Rasmussen authored
Fix a dormant bug in userfaultfd_events_test(), where we did `return faulting_process(0)` instead of `exit(faulting_process(0))`. This caused the forked process to keep running, trying to execute any further test cases after the events test in parallel with the "real" process. Add a simple test case which exercises minor faults. In short, it does the following: 1. "Sets up" an area (area_dst) and a second shared mapping to the same underlying pages (area_dst_alias). 2. Register one of these areas with userfaultfd, in minor fault mode. 3. Start a second thread to handle any minor faults. 4. Populate the underlying pages with the non-UFFD-registered side of the mapping. Basically, memset() each page with some arbitrary contents. 5. Then, using the UFFD-registered mapping, read all of the page contents, asserting that the contents match expectations (we expect the minor fault handling thread can modify the page contents before resolving the fault). The minor fault handling thread, upon receiving an event, flips all the bits (~) in that page, just to prove that it can modify it in some arbitrary way. Then it issues a UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl, to setup the mapping and resolve the fault. The reading thread should wake up and see this modification. Currently the minor fault test is only enabled in hugetlb_shared mode, as this is the only configuration the kernel feature supports. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-7-axelrasmussen@google.comSigned-off-by:
Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Reviewed-by:
Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Adam Ruprecht <ruprecht@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Cannon Matthews <cannonmatthews@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chinwen Chang <chinwen.chang@mediatek.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: "Dr . David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Lokesh Gidra <lokeshgidra@google.com> Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: "Michal Koutn" <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Oliver Upton <oupton@google.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com> Cc: Shawn Anastasio <shawn@anastas.io> Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Axel Rasmussen authored
Reword / reorganize things a little bit into "lists", so new features / modes / ioctls can sort of just be appended. Describe how UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MINOR and UFFDIO_CONTINUE can be used to intercept and resolve minor faults. Make it clear that COPY and ZEROPAGE are used for MISSING faults, whereas CONTINUE is used for MINOR faults. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-6-axelrasmussen@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Axel Rasmussen authored
This ioctl is how userspace ought to resolve "minor" userfaults. The idea is, userspace is notified that a minor fault has occurred. It might change the contents of the page using its second non-UFFD mapping, or not. Then, it calls UFFDIO_CONTINUE to tell the kernel "I have ensured the page contents are correct, carry on setting up the mapping". Note that it doesn't make much sense to use UFFDIO_{COPY,ZEROPAGE} for MINOR registered VMAs. ZEROPAGE maps the VMA to the zero page; but in the minor fault case, we already have some pre-existing underlying page. Likewise, UFFDIO_COPY isn't useful if we have a second non-UFFD mapping. We'd just use memcpy() or similar instead. It turns out hugetlb_mcopy_atomic_pte() already does very close to what we want, if an existing page is provided via `struct page **pagep`. We already special-case the behavior a bit for the UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE case, so just extend that design: add an enum for the three modes of operation, and make the small adjustments needed for the MCOPY_ATOMIC_CONTINUE case. (Basically, look up the existing page, and avoid adding the existing page to the page cache or calling set_page_huge_active() on it.) Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-5-axelrasmussen@google.comSigned-off-by: -
Axel Rasmussen authored
For background, mm/userfaultfd.c provides a general mcopy_atomic implementation. But some types of memory (i.e., hugetlb and shmem) need a slightly different implementation, so they provide their own helpers for this. In other words, userfaultfd is the only caller of these functions. This patch achieves two things: 1. Don't spend time compiling code which will end up never being referenced anyway (a small build time optimization). 2. In patches later in this series, we extend the signature of these helpers with UFFD-specific state (a mode enumeration). Once this happens, we *have to* either not compile the helpers, or unconditionally define the UFFD-only state (which seems messier to me). This includes the declarations in the headers, as otherwise they'd yield warnings about implicitly defining the type of those arguments. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210301222728.176417-4-axelrasmussen@google.comSigned-off-by:
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Reviewed-by:
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