branches/zip: This is patch from Inaam that uses red-black tree

to speed up insertions into the flush_list and thus the recovery
process. The patch has been tested by Nokia.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ SET(INNOBASE_SOURCES	btr/btr0btr.c btr/btr0cur.c btr/btr0pcur.c btr/btr0sea.c
 			trx/trx0i_s.c trx/trx0purge.c trx/trx0rec.c trx/trx0roll.c trx/trx0rseg.c
 			trx/trx0sys.c trx/trx0trx.c trx/trx0undo.c
 			usr/usr0sess.c
-			ut/ut0byte.c ut/ut0dbg.c ut/ut0mem.c ut/ut0rnd.c ut/ut0ut.c ut/ut0vec.c
+			ut/ut0byte.c ut/ut0dbg.c ut/ut0mem.c ut/ut0rbt.c ut/ut0rnd.c ut/ut0ut.c ut/ut0vec.c
 			ut/ut0list.c ut/ut0wqueue.c)
 # Windows atomics do not perform well. Disable Windows atomics by default.
 # See bug#52102 for details.

Makefile.am

@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ noinst_HEADERS=		\
 			include/ut0lst.h	\
 			include/ut0mem.h	\
 			include/ut0mem.ic	\
+			include/ut0rbt.h	\
 			include/ut0rnd.h	\
 			include/ut0rnd.ic	\
 			include/ut0sort.h	\
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ libinnobase_a_SOURCES=	\
 			ut/ut0dbg.c			\
 			ut/ut0list.c			\
 			ut/ut0mem.c			\
+			ut/ut0rbt.c			\
 			ut/ut0rnd.c			\
 			ut/ut0ut.c			\
 			ut/ut0vec.c			\

buf/buf0buddy.c

@@ -391,6 +391,8 @@ buf_buddy_relocate_block(
 		UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(list, buf_pool->zip_clean, dpage);
 	}
 
+	UNIV_MEM_INVALID(bpage, sizeof *bpage);
+
 	mutex_exit(&buf_pool_zip_mutex);
 	return(TRUE);
 }

buf/buf0buf.c

@@ -1191,8 +1191,6 @@ buf_relocate(
 
 	HASH_DELETE(buf_page_t, hash, buf_pool->page_hash, fold, bpage);
 	HASH_INSERT(buf_page_t, hash, buf_pool->page_hash, fold, dpage);
-
-	UNIV_MEM_INVALID(bpage, sizeof *bpage);
 }
 
 /********************************************************************//**
@@ -2224,22 +2222,8 @@ wait_until_unfixed:
 			ut_ad(!block->page.in_flush_list);
 		} else {
 			/* Relocate buf_pool->flush_list. */
-			buf_page_t*	b;
-
-			b = UT_LIST_GET_PREV(list, &block->page);
-			ut_ad(block->page.in_flush_list);
-			UT_LIST_REMOVE(list, buf_pool->flush_list,
-				       &block->page);
-
-			if (b) {
-				UT_LIST_INSERT_AFTER(
-					list, buf_pool->flush_list, b,
+			buf_flush_relocate_on_flush_list(bpage,
 							 &block->page);
-			} else {
-				UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(
-					list, buf_pool->flush_list,
-					&block->page);
-			}
 		}
 
 		/* Buffer-fix, I/O-fix, and X-latch the block
@@ -2253,6 +2237,9 @@ wait_until_unfixed:
 		block->page.buf_fix_count = 1;
 		buf_block_set_io_fix(block, BUF_IO_READ);
 		rw_lock_x_lock(&block->lock);
+
+		UNIV_MEM_INVALID(bpage, sizeof *bpage);
+
 		mutex_exit(&block->mutex);
 		mutex_exit(&buf_pool_zip_mutex);
 		buf_pool->n_pend_unzip++;

buf/buf0flu.c

@@ -87,6 +87,138 @@ buf_flush_validate_low(void);
 /*========================*/
 #endif /* UNIV_DEBUG || UNIV_BUF_DEBUG */
 
+/********************************************************************//**
+Insert a block in the flush_rbt and returns a pointer to its
+predecessor or NULL if no predecessor. The ordering is maintained
+on the basis of the <oldest_modification, space, offset> key.
+@return pointer to the predecessor or NULL if no predecessor. */
+static
+buf_page_t*
+buf_flush_insert_in_flush_rbt(
+/*==========================*/
+	buf_page_t*	bpage)		/*!< in: bpage to be inserted. */
+{
+	buf_page_t*		prev = NULL;
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	c_node;
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	p_node;
+
+	ut_ad(buf_pool_mutex_own());
+
+	/* Insert this buffer into the rbt. */
+	c_node = rbt_insert(buf_pool->flush_rbt, &bpage, &bpage);
+	ut_a(c_node != NULL);
+
+	/* Get the predecessor. */
+	p_node = rbt_prev(buf_pool->flush_rbt, c_node);
+
+	if (p_node != NULL) {
+		prev = *rbt_value(buf_page_t*, p_node);
+		ut_a(prev != NULL);
+	}
+
+	return(prev);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************//**
+Delete a bpage from the flush_rbt. */
+static
+void
+buf_flush_delete_from_flush_rbt(
+/*============================*/
+	buf_page_t*	bpage)		/*!< in: bpage to be removed. */
+{
+
+	ibool	ret = FALSE;
+
+	ut_ad(buf_pool_mutex_own());
+	ret = rbt_delete(buf_pool->flush_rbt, &bpage);
+	ut_ad(ret);
+}
+
+/********************************************************************//**
+Compare two modified blocks in the buffer pool. The key for comparison
+is:
+key = <oldest_modification, space, offset>
+This comparison is used to maintian ordering of blocks in the
+buf_pool->flush_rbt.
+Note that for the purpose of flush_rbt, we only need to order blocks
+on the oldest_modification. The other two fields are used to uniquely
+identify the blocks.
+@return < 0 if b2 < b1, 0 if b2 == b1, > 0 if b2 > b1 */
+static
+int
+buf_flush_block_cmp(
+/*================*/
+	const void*	p1,		/*!< in: block1 */
+	const void*	p2)		/*!< in: block2 */
+{
+	int		ret;
+
+	ut_ad(p1 != NULL);
+	ut_ad(p2 != NULL);
+
+	const buf_page_t* b1 = *(const buf_page_t**) p1;
+	const buf_page_t* b2 = *(const buf_page_t**) p2;
+
+	ut_ad(b1 != NULL);
+	ut_ad(b2 != NULL);
+
+	ut_ad(b1->in_flush_list);
+	ut_ad(b2->in_flush_list);
+
+	if (b2->oldest_modification
+	    > b1->oldest_modification) {
+		return(1);
+	}
+
+	if (b2->oldest_modification
+	    < b1->oldest_modification) {
+		return(-1);
+	}
+
+	/* If oldest_modification is same then decide on the space. */
+	ret = (int)(b2->space - b1->space);
+
+	/* Or else decide ordering on the offset field. */
+	return(ret ? ret : (int)(b2->offset - b1->offset));
+}
+
+/********************************************************************//**
+Initialize the red-black tree to speed up insertions into the flush_list
+during recovery process. Should be called at the start of recovery
+process before any page has been read/written. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_init_flush_rbt(void)
+/*==========================*/
+{
+	buf_pool_mutex_enter();
+
+	/* Create red black tree for speedy insertions in flush list. */
+	buf_pool->flush_rbt = rbt_create(sizeof(buf_page_t*),
+					 buf_flush_block_cmp);
+	buf_pool_mutex_exit();
+}
+
+/********************************************************************//**
+Frees up the red-black tree. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_free_flush_rbt(void)
+/*==========================*/
+{
+	buf_pool_mutex_enter();
+
+#if defined UNIV_DEBUG || defined UNIV_BUF_DEBUG
+	ut_a(buf_flush_validate_low());
+#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG || UNIV_BUF_DEBUG */
+
+	rbt_free(buf_pool->flush_rbt);
+	buf_pool->flush_rbt = NULL;
+
+	buf_pool_mutex_exit();
+}
+
 /********************************************************************//**
 Inserts a modified block into the flush list. */
 UNIV_INTERN
@@ -100,6 +232,13 @@ buf_flush_insert_into_flush_list(
 	      || (UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->flush_list)->oldest_modification
 		  <= block->page.oldest_modification));
 
+	/* If we are in the recovery then we need to update the flush
+	red-black tree as well. */
+	if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(buf_pool->flush_rbt)) {
+		buf_flush_insert_sorted_into_flush_list(block);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	ut_ad(buf_block_get_state(block) == BUF_BLOCK_FILE_PAGE);
 	ut_ad(block->page.in_LRU_list);
 	ut_ad(block->page.in_page_hash);
@@ -136,13 +275,28 @@ buf_flush_insert_sorted_into_flush_list(
 	ut_d(block->page.in_flush_list = TRUE);
 
 	prev_b = NULL;
+
+	/* For the most part when this function is called the flush_rbt
+	should not be NULL. In a very rare boundary case it is possible
+	that the flush_rbt has already been freed by the recovery thread
+	before the last page was hooked up in the flush_list by the
+	io-handler thread. In that case we'll  just do a simple
+	linear search in the else block. */
+	if (buf_pool->flush_rbt) {
+
+		prev_b = buf_flush_insert_in_flush_rbt(&block->page);
+
+	} else {
+
 		b = UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->flush_list);
 
-	while (b && b->oldest_modification > block->page.oldest_modification) {
+		while (b && b->oldest_modification
+		       > block->page.oldest_modification) {
 			ut_ad(b->in_flush_list);
 			prev_b = b;
 			b = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, b);
 		}
+	}
 
 	if (prev_b == NULL) {
 		UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(list, buf_pool->flush_list, &block->page);
@@ -237,7 +391,6 @@ buf_flush_remove(
 	ut_ad(buf_pool_mutex_own());
 	ut_ad(mutex_own(buf_page_get_mutex(bpage)));
 	ut_ad(bpage->in_flush_list);
-	ut_d(bpage->in_flush_list = FALSE);
 
 	switch (buf_page_get_state(bpage)) {
 	case BUF_BLOCK_ZIP_PAGE:
@@ -259,12 +412,78 @@ buf_flush_remove(
 		break;
 	}
 
+	/* If the flush_rbt is active then delete from it as well. */
+	if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(buf_pool->flush_rbt)) {
+		buf_flush_delete_from_flush_rbt(bpage);
+	}
+
+	/* Must be done after we have removed it from the flush_rbt
+	because we assert on in_flush_list in comparison function. */
+	ut_d(bpage->in_flush_list = FALSE);
+
 	bpage->oldest_modification = 0;
 
 	ut_d(UT_LIST_VALIDATE(list, buf_page_t, buf_pool->flush_list,
 			      ut_ad(ut_list_node_313->in_flush_list)));
 }
 
+/********************************************************************//**
+Relocates a buffer control block on the flush_list.
+Note that it is assumed that the contents of bpage has already been
+copied to dpage. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_relocate_on_flush_list(
+/*=============================*/
+	buf_page_t*	bpage,	/*!< in/out: control block being moved */
+	buf_page_t*	dpage)	/*!< in/out: destination block */
+{
+	buf_page_t* prev;
+	buf_page_t* prev_b = NULL;
+
+	ut_ad(buf_pool_mutex_own());
+
+	ut_ad(mutex_own(buf_page_get_mutex(bpage)));
+
+	ut_ad(bpage->in_flush_list);
+	ut_ad(dpage->in_flush_list);
+
+	/* If recovery is active we must swap the control blocks in
+	the flush_rbt as well. */
+	if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(buf_pool->flush_rbt)) {
+		buf_flush_delete_from_flush_rbt(bpage);
+		prev_b = buf_flush_insert_in_flush_rbt(dpage);
+	}
+
+	/* Must be done after we have removed it from the flush_rbt
+	because we assert on in_flush_list in comparison function. */
+	ut_d(bpage->in_flush_list = FALSE);
+
+	prev = UT_LIST_GET_PREV(list, bpage);
+	UT_LIST_REMOVE(list, buf_pool->flush_list, bpage);
+
+	if (prev) {
+		ut_ad(prev->in_flush_list);
+		UT_LIST_INSERT_AFTER(
+			list,
+			buf_pool->flush_list,
+			prev, dpage);
+	} else {
+		UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(
+			list,
+			buf_pool->flush_list,
+			dpage);
+	}
+
+	/* Just an extra check. Previous in flush_list
+	should be the same control block as in flush_rbt. */
+	ut_a(!buf_pool->flush_rbt || prev_b == prev);
+
+#if defined UNIV_DEBUG || defined UNIV_BUF_DEBUG
+	ut_a(buf_flush_validate_low());
+#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG || UNIV_BUF_DEBUG */
+}
+
 /********************************************************************//**
 Updates the flush system data structures when a write is completed. */
 UNIV_INTERN
@@ -1368,23 +1587,44 @@ buf_flush_validate_low(void)
 /*========================*/
 {
 	buf_page_t*		bpage;
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	rnode = NULL;
 
 	UT_LIST_VALIDATE(list, buf_page_t, buf_pool->flush_list,
 			 ut_ad(ut_list_node_313->in_flush_list));
 
 	bpage = UT_LIST_GET_FIRST(buf_pool->flush_list);
 
+	/* If we are in recovery mode i.e.: flush_rbt != NULL
+	then each block in the flush_list must also be present
+	in the flush_rbt. */
+	if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(buf_pool->flush_rbt)) {
+		rnode = rbt_first(buf_pool->flush_rbt);
+	}
+
 	while (bpage != NULL) {
 		const ib_uint64_t om = bpage->oldest_modification;
 		ut_ad(bpage->in_flush_list);
 		ut_a(buf_page_in_file(bpage));
 		ut_a(om > 0);
 
+		if (UNIV_LIKELY_NULL(buf_pool->flush_rbt)) {
+			ut_a(rnode);
+			buf_page_t* rpage = *rbt_value(buf_page_t*,
+						       rnode);
+			ut_a(rpage);
+			ut_a(rpage == bpage);
+			rnode = rbt_next(buf_pool->flush_rbt, rnode);
+		}
+
 		bpage = UT_LIST_GET_NEXT(list, bpage);
 
 		ut_a(!bpage || om >= bpage->oldest_modification);
 	}
 
+	/* By this time we must have exhausted the traversal of
+	flush_rbt (if active) as well. */
+	ut_a(rnode == NULL);
+
 	return(TRUE);
 }
 

buf/buf0lru.c

@@ -1530,26 +1530,8 @@ alloc:
 			if (b->state == BUF_BLOCK_ZIP_PAGE) {
 				buf_LRU_insert_zip_clean(b);
 			} else {
-				buf_page_t* prev;
-
-				ut_ad(b->in_flush_list);
-				ut_d(bpage->in_flush_list = FALSE);
-
-				prev = UT_LIST_GET_PREV(list, b);
-				UT_LIST_REMOVE(list, buf_pool->flush_list, b);
-
-				if (prev) {
-					ut_ad(prev->in_flush_list);
-					UT_LIST_INSERT_AFTER(
-						list,
-						buf_pool->flush_list,
-						prev, b);
-				} else {
-					UT_LIST_ADD_FIRST(
-						list,
-						buf_pool->flush_list,
-						b);
-				}
+				/* Relocate on buf_pool->flush_list. */
+				buf_flush_relocate_on_flush_list(bpage, b);
 			}
 
 			bpage->zip.data = NULL;

buf/buf0rea.c

@@ -608,14 +608,14 @@ buf_read_recv_pages(
 		while (buf_pool->n_pend_reads >= recv_n_pool_free_frames / 2) {
 
 			os_aio_simulated_wake_handler_threads();
-			os_thread_sleep(500000);
+			os_thread_sleep(10000);
 
 			count++;
 
-			if (count > 100) {
+			if (count > 1000) {
 				fprintf(stderr,
 					"InnoDB: Error: InnoDB has waited for"
-					" 50 seconds for pending\n"
+					" 10 seconds for pending\n"
 					"InnoDB: reads to the buffer pool to"
 					" be finished.\n"
 					"InnoDB: Number of pending reads %lu,"

include/buf0buf.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Created 11/5/1995 Heikki Tuuri
 #include "hash0hash.h"
 #include "ut0byte.h"
 #include "page0types.h"
+#include "ut0rbt.h"
 #ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
 #include "os0proc.h"
 
@@ -1359,6 +1360,19 @@ struct buf_pool_struct{
 					/*!< this is in the set state
 					when there is no flush batch
 					of the given type running */
+	ib_rbt_t*	flush_rbt;	/* !< a red-black tree is used
+					exclusively during recovery to
+					speed up insertions in the
+					flush_list. This tree contains
+					blocks in order of
+					oldest_modification LSN and is
+					kept in sync with the
+					flush_list.
+					Each member of the tree MUST
+					also be on the flush_list.
+					This tree is relevant only in
+					recovery and is set to NULL
+					once the recovery is over. */
 	ulint		freed_page_clock;/*!< a sequence number used
 					to count the number of buffer
 					blocks removed from the end of

include/buf0flu.h

@@ -40,6 +40,16 @@ buf_flush_remove(
 /*=============*/
 	buf_page_t*	bpage);	/*!< in: pointer to the block in question */
 /********************************************************************//**
+Relocates a buffer control block on the flush_list.
+Note that it is assumed that the contents of bpage has already been
+copied to dpage. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_relocate_on_flush_list(
+/*=============================*/
+	buf_page_t*	bpage,	/*!< in/out: control block being moved */
+	buf_page_t*	dpage);	/*!< in/out: destination block */
+/********************************************************************//**
 Updates the flush system data structures when a write is completed. */
 UNIV_INTERN
 void
@@ -139,8 +149,8 @@ how much redo the workload is generating and at what rate. */
 
 struct buf_flush_stat_struct
 {
-	ib_uint64_t	redo;		/**< amount of redo generated. */
-	ulint		n_flushed;	/**< number of pages flushed. */
+	ib_uint64_t	redo;		/*!< amount of redo generated. */
+	ulint		n_flushed;	/*!< number of pages flushed. */
 };
 
 /** Statistics for selecting flush rate of dirty pages. */
@@ -175,6 +185,22 @@ buf_flush_validate(void);
 /*====================*/
 #endif /* UNIV_DEBUG || UNIV_BUF_DEBUG */
 
+/******************************************************************//**
+Initialize the red-black tree to speed up insertions into the flush_list
+during recovery process. Should be called at the start of recovery
+process before any page has been read/written. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_init_flush_rbt(void);
+/*==========================*/
+
+/******************************************************************//**
+Frees up the red-black tree. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+buf_flush_free_flush_rbt(void);
+/*==========================*/
+
 /** When buf_flush_free_margin is called, it tries to make this many blocks
 available to replacement in the free list and at the end of the LRU list (to
 make sure that a read-ahead batch can be read efficiently in a single

include/ut0rbt.h

+/*****************************************************************************
+Copyright (c) 2006, 2009, Innobase Oy. All Rights Reserved.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
+Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************//**
+@file include/ut0rbt.h
+Red-Black tree implementation.
+
+Created 2007-03-20 Sunny Bains
+************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef INNOBASE_UT0RBT_H
+#define INNOBASE_UT0RBT_H
+
+#if !defined(IB_RBT_TESTING)
+#include "univ.i"
+#include "ut0mem.h"
+#else
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define	ut_malloc	malloc
+#define	ut_free		free
+#define	ulint		unsigned long
+#define	ut_a(c)		assert(c)
+#define ut_error	assert(0)
+#define	ibool		unsigned int
+#define	TRUE		1
+#define	FALSE		0
+#endif
+
+/* Red black tree typedefs */
+typedef struct ib_rbt_struct ib_rbt_t;
+typedef struct ib_rbt_node_struct ib_rbt_node_t;
+/* FIXME: Iterator is a better name than _bound_ */
+typedef struct ib_rbt_bound_struct ib_rbt_bound_t;
+typedef void (*ib_rbt_print_node)(const ib_rbt_node_t* node);
+typedef int (*ib_rbt_compare)(const void* p1, const void* p2);
+
+/* Red black tree color types */
+enum ib_rbt_color_enum {
+	IB_RBT_RED,
+	IB_RBT_BLACK
+};
+
+typedef enum ib_rbt_color_enum ib_rbt_color_t;
+
+/* Red black tree node */
+struct ib_rbt_node_struct {
+	ib_rbt_color_t	color;			/* color of this node */
+
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	left;			/* points left child */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	right;			/* points right child */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	parent;			/* points parent node */
+
+	char		value[1];		/* Data value */
+};
+
+/* Red black tree instance.*/
+struct	ib_rbt_struct {
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	nil;			/* Black colored node that is
+						used as a sentinel. This is
+						pre-allocated too.*/
+
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	root;			/* Root of the tree, this is
+						pre-allocated and the first
+						data node is the left child.*/
+
+	ulint		n_nodes;		/* Total number of data nodes */
+
+	ib_rbt_compare	compare;		/* Fn. to use for comparison */
+	ulint		sizeof_value;		/* Sizeof the item in bytes */
+};
+
+/* The result of searching for a key in the tree, this is useful for
+a speedy lookup and insert if key doesn't exist.*/
+struct ib_rbt_bound_struct {
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*
+			last;			/* Last node visited */
+
+	int		result;			/* Result of comparing with
+						the last non-nil node that
+						was visited */
+};
+
+/* Size in elements (t is an rb tree instance) */
+#define rbt_size(t)	(t->n_nodes)
+
+/* Check whether the rb tree is empty (t is an rb tree instance) */
+#define rbt_empty(t)	(rbt_size(t) == 0)
+
+/* Get data value (t is the data type, n is an rb tree node instance) */
+#define rbt_value(t, n) ((t*) &n->value[0])
+
+/* Compare a key with the node value (t is tree, k is key, n is node)*/
+#define rbt_compare(t, k, n) (t->compare(k, n->value))
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Free an instance of  a red black tree */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_free(
+/*=====*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree);		/*!< in: rb tree to free */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Create an instance of a red black tree
+@return	rb tree instance */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ib_rbt_t*
+rbt_create(
+/*=======*/
+	size_t		sizeof_value,	/*!< in: size in bytes */
+	ib_rbt_compare	compare);	/*!< in: comparator */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Delete a node from the red black tree, identified by key.
+@return TRUE if success FALSE if not found */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ibool
+rbt_delete(
+/*=======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key);		/*!< in: key to delete */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Remove a node from the rb tree, the node is not free'd, that is the
+callers responsibility.
+@return	the deleted node with the const. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_remove_node(
+/*============*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*
+			node);		/*!< in: node to delete, this
+					is a fudge and declared const
+					because the caller has access
+					only to const nodes.*/
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find a matching node in the rb tree.
+@return	node if found else return NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_lookup(
+/*=======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree to search */
+	const void*	key);		/*!< in: key to lookup */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Generic insert of a value in the rb tree.
+@return	inserted node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_insert(
+/*=======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key,		/*!< in: key for ordering */
+	const void*	value);		/*!< in: data that will be
+					copied to the node.*/
+/****************************************************************//**
+Add a new node to the tree, useful for data that is pre-sorted.
+@return	appended node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_add_node(
+/*=========*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: parent */
+	const void*	value);		/*!< in: this value is copied
+					to the node */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the left most data node in the tree
+@return	left most node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_first(
+/*======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree);		/*!< in: rb tree */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the right most data node in the tree
+@return	right most node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_last(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree);		/*!< in: rb tree */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the next node from current.
+@return	successor node to current that is passed in. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_next(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*		/*!< in: current node */
+			current);
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the prev node from current.
+@return	precedessor node to current that is passed in */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_prev(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*		/*!< in: current node */
+			current);
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the lowest key that is >= key.
+@return	node that satisfies the lower bound constraint or NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_lower_bound(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key);		/*!< in: key to search */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the greatest key that is <= key.
+@return	node that satisifies the upper bound constraint or NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_upper_bound(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key);		/*!< in: key to search */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Search for the key, a node will be retuned in parent.last, whether it
+was found or not. If not found then parent.last will contain the
+parent node for the possibly new key otherwise the matching node.
+@return	result of last comparison */
+UNIV_INTERN
+int
+rbt_search(
+/*=======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: search bounds */
+	const void*	key);		/*!< in: key to search */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Search for the key, a node will be retuned in parent.last, whether it
+was found or not. If not found then parent.last will contain the
+parent node for the possibly new key otherwise the matching node.
+@return	result of last comparison */
+UNIV_INTERN
+int
+rbt_search_cmp(
+/*===========*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: search bounds */
+	const void*	key,		/*!< in: key to search */
+	ib_rbt_compare	compare);	/*!< in: comparator */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Clear the tree, deletes (and free's) all the nodes. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_clear(
+/*======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree);		/*!< in: rb tree */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Merge the node from dst into src. Return the number of nodes merged.
+@return	no. of recs merged */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ulint
+rbt_merge_uniq(
+/*===========*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	dst,		/*!< in: dst rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_t*	src);		/*!< in: src rb tree */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Merge the node from dst into src. Return the number of nodes merged.
+Delete the nodes from src after copying node to dst. As a side effect
+the duplicates will be left untouched in the src, since we don't support
+duplicates (yet). NOTE: src and dst must be similar, the function doesn't
+check for this condition (yet).
+@return	no. of recs merged */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ulint
+rbt_merge_uniq_destructive(
+/*=======================*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	dst,		/*!< in: dst rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_t*	src);		/*!< in: src rb tree */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Verify the integrity of the RB tree. For debugging. 0 failure else height
+of tree (in count of black nodes).
+@return	TRUE if OK FALSE if tree invalid. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ibool
+rbt_validate(
+/*=========*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree);		/*!< in: tree to validate */
+/****************************************************************//**
+Iterate over the tree in depth first order. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_print(
+/*======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: tree to traverse */
+	ib_rbt_print_node	print);	/*!< in: print function */
+
+#endif /* INNOBASE_UT0RBT_H */

log/log0recv.c

@@ -138,7 +138,9 @@ UNIV_INTERN ulint	recv_max_parsed_page_no;
 /** This many frames must be left free in the buffer pool when we scan
 the log and store the scanned log records in the buffer pool: we will
 use these free frames to read in pages when we start applying the
-log records to the database. */
+log records to the database.
+This is the default value. If the actual size of the buffer pool is
+larger than 10 MB we'll set this value to 512. */
 UNIV_INTERN ulint	recv_n_pool_free_frames;
 
 /** The maximum lsn we see for a page during the recovery process. If this
@@ -294,6 +296,12 @@ recv_sys_init(
 		return;
 	}
 
+	/* Initialize red-black tree for fast insertions into the
+	flush_list during recovery process.
+	As this initialization is done while holding the buffer pool
+	mutex we perform it before acquiring recv_sys->mutex. */
+	buf_flush_init_flush_rbt();
+
 	mutex_enter(&(recv_sys->mutex));
 
 #ifndef UNIV_HOTBACKUP
@@ -303,6 +311,12 @@ recv_sys_init(
 	recv_is_from_backup = TRUE;
 #endif /* !UNIV_HOTBACKUP */
 
+	/* Set appropriate value of recv_n_pool_free_frames. */
+	if (buf_pool_get_curr_size() >= (10 * 1024 * 1024)) {
+		/* Buffer pool of size greater than 10 MB. */
+		recv_n_pool_free_frames = 512;
+	}
+
 	recv_sys->buf = ut_malloc(RECV_PARSING_BUF_SIZE);
 	recv_sys->len = 0;
 	recv_sys->recovered_offset = 0;
@@ -372,6 +386,9 @@ recv_sys_debug_free(void)
 	recv_sys->last_block_buf_start = NULL;
 
 	mutex_exit(&(recv_sys->mutex));
+
+	/* Free up the flush_rbt. */
+	buf_flush_free_flush_rbt();
 }
 # endif /* UNIV_LOG_DEBUG */
 

ut/ut0rbt.c

+/*****************************************************************************
+
+Copyright (c) 2006, 2009, Innobase Oy. All Rights Reserved.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
+Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*******************************************************************//**
+@file ut/ut0rbt.c
+Red-Black tree implementation
+
+Created 2007-03-20 Sunny Bains
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "ut0rbt.h"
+
+/************************************************************************
+Definition of a red-black tree
+==============================
+
+A red-black tree is a binary search tree which has the following
+red-black properties:
+
+   1. Every node is either red or black.
+   2. Every leaf (NULL - in our case tree->nil) is black.
+   3. If a node is red, then both its children are black.
+   4. Every simple path from a node to a descendant leaf contains the
+      same number of black nodes.
+
+   from (3) above, the implication is that on any path from the root
+   to a leaf, red nodes must not be adjacent.
+
+   However, any number of black nodes may appear in a sequence. */
+
+#if	defined(IB_RBT_TESTING)
+#warning "Testing enabled!"
+#endif
+
+#define ROOT(t)		(t->root->left)
+#define	SIZEOF_NODE(t)	((sizeof(ib_rbt_node_t) + t->sizeof_value) - 1)
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Print out the sub-tree recursively. */
+static
+void
+rbt_print_subtree(
+/*==============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: tree to traverse */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	node,	/*!< in: node to print */
+	ib_rbt_print_node	print)	/*!< in: print key function */
+{
+	/* FIXME: Doesn't do anything yet */
+	if (node != tree->nil) {
+		print(node);
+		rbt_print_subtree(tree, node->left, print);
+		rbt_print_subtree(tree, node->right, print);
+	}
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Verify that the keys are in order.
+@return	TRUE of OK. FALSE if not ordered */
+static
+ibool
+rbt_check_ordering(
+/*===============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree)	/*!< in: tree to verfify */
+{
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	node;
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	prev = NULL;
+
+	/* Iterate over all the nodes, comparing each node with the prev */
+	for (node = rbt_first(tree); node; node = rbt_next(tree, prev)) {
+
+		if (prev && tree->compare(prev->value, node->value) >= 0) {
+			return(FALSE);
+		}
+
+		prev = node;
+	}
+
+	return(TRUE);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Check that every path from the root to the leaves has the same count.
+Count is expressed in the number of black nodes.
+@return	0 on failure else black height of the subtree */
+static
+ibool
+rbt_count_black_nodes(
+/*==================*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: tree to verify */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	node)	/*!< in: start of sub-tree */
+{
+	ulint	result;
+
+	if (node != tree->nil) {
+		ulint	left_height = rbt_count_black_nodes(tree, node->left);
+
+		ulint	right_height = rbt_count_black_nodes(tree, node->right);
+
+		if (left_height == 0
+		    || right_height == 0
+		    || left_height != right_height) {
+
+			result = 0;
+		} else if (node->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+
+			/* Case 3 */
+			if (node->left->color != IB_RBT_BLACK
+			    || node->right->color != IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+				result = 0;
+			} else {
+				result = left_height;
+			}
+		/* Check if it's anything other than RED or BLACK. */
+		} else if (node->color != IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+			result = 0;
+		} else {
+
+			result = right_height + 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		result = 1;
+	}
+
+	return(result);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Turn the node's right child's left sub-tree into node's right sub-tree.
+This will also make node's right child it's parent. */
+static
+void
+rbt_rotate_left(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil,	/*!< in: nil node of the tree */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		node)	/*!< in: node to rotate */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	right = node->right;
+
+	node->right = right->left;
+
+	if (right->left != nil) {
+		right->left->parent = node;
+	}
+
+	/* Right's new parent was node's parent. */
+	right->parent = node->parent;
+
+	/* Since root's parent is tree->nil and root->parent->left points
+	back to root, we can avoid the check. */
+	if (node == node->parent->left) {
+		/* Node was on the left of its parent. */
+		node->parent->left = right;
+	} else {
+		/* Node must have been on the right. */
+		node->parent->right = right;
+	}
+
+	/* Finally, put node on right's left. */
+	right->left = node;
+	node->parent = right;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Turn the node's left child's right sub-tree into node's left sub-tree.
+This also make node's left child it's parent. */
+static
+void
+rbt_rotate_right(
+/*=============*/
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil,	/*!< in: nil node of tree */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		node)	/*!< in: node to rotate */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	left = node->left;
+
+	node->left = left->right;
+
+	if (left->right != nil) {
+		left->right->parent = node;
+	}
+
+	/* Left's new parent was node's parent. */
+	left->parent = node->parent;
+
+	/* Since root's parent is tree->nil and root->parent->left points
+	back to root, we can avoid the check. */
+	if (node == node->parent->right) {
+	    /* Node was on the left of its parent. */
+            node->parent->right = left;
+	} else {
+	    /* Node must have been on the left. */
+            node->parent->left = left;
+	}
+
+	/* Finally, put node on left's right. */
+	left->right = node;
+	node->parent = left;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Append a node to the tree.
+@return inserted node */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_tree_add_child(
+/*===============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rbt tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: node's parent */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node to add */
+{
+	/* Cast away the const. */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	last = (ib_rbt_node_t*) parent->last;
+
+	if (last == tree->root || parent->result < 0) {
+		last->left = node;
+	} else {
+		/* FIXME: We don't handle duplicates (yet)! */
+		ut_a(parent->result != 0);
+
+		last->right = node;
+	}
+
+	node->parent = last;
+
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Generic binary tree insert
+@return inserted node */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_tree_insert(
+/*============*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key,		/*!< in: key for ordering */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node hold the insert value */
+{
+	ib_rbt_bound_t	parent;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	parent.result = 0;
+	parent.last = tree->root;
+
+	/* Regular binary search. */
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+
+		parent.last = current;
+		parent.result = tree->compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (parent.result < 0) {
+			current = current->left;
+		} else {
+			current = current->right;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ut_a(current == tree->nil);
+
+	rbt_tree_add_child(tree, &parent, node);
+
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Balance a tree after inserting a node. */
+static
+void
+rbt_balance_tree(
+/*=============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: tree to balance */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node that was inserted */
+{
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil = tree->nil;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		parent = node->parent;
+
+	/* Restore the red-black property. */
+	node->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+	while (node != ROOT(tree) && parent->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	grand_parent = parent->parent;
+
+		if (parent == grand_parent->left) {
+			ib_rbt_node_t*	uncle = grand_parent->right;
+
+			if (uncle->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+
+				/* Case 1 - change the colors. */
+				uncle->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				grand_parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+				/* Move node up the tree. */
+				node = grand_parent;
+
+			} else {
+
+				if (node == parent->right) {
+					/* Right is a black node and node is
+					to the right, case 2 - move node
+					up and rotate. */
+					node = parent;
+					rbt_rotate_left(nil, node);
+				}
+
+				grand_parent = node->parent->parent;
+
+				/* Case 3. */
+				node->parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				grand_parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+				rbt_rotate_right(nil, grand_parent);
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			ib_rbt_node_t*	uncle = grand_parent->left;
+
+			if (uncle->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+
+				/* Case 1 - change the colors. */
+				uncle->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				grand_parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+				/* Move node up the tree. */
+				node = grand_parent;
+
+			} else {
+
+				if (node == parent->left) {
+					/* Left is a black node and node is to
+					the right, case 2 - move node up and
+					rotate. */
+					node = parent;
+					rbt_rotate_right(nil, node);
+				}
+
+				grand_parent = node->parent->parent;
+
+				/* Case 3. */
+				node->parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+				grand_parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+				rbt_rotate_left(nil, grand_parent);
+			}
+		}
+
+		parent = node->parent;
+	}
+
+	/* Color the root black. */
+	ROOT(tree)->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the given node's successor.
+@return	successor node or NULL if no successor */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_find_successor(
+/*===============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	current)/*!< in: this is declared const
+					because it can be called via
+					rbt_next() */
+{
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil = tree->nil;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		next = current->right;
+
+	/* Is there a sub-tree to the right that we can follow. */
+	if (next != nil) {
+
+		/* Follow the left most links of the current right child. */
+		while (next->left != nil) {
+			next = next->left;
+		}
+
+	} else { /* We will have to go up the tree to find the successor. */
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	parent = current->parent;
+
+		/* Cast away the const. */
+		next = (ib_rbt_node_t*) current;
+
+		while (parent != tree->root && next == parent->right) {
+			next = parent;
+			parent = next->parent;
+		}
+
+		next = (parent == tree->root) ? NULL : parent;
+	}
+
+	return(next);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the given node's precedecessor.
+@return	predecessor node or NULL if no predecesor */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_find_predecessor(
+/*=================*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	current)	/*!< in: this is declared const
+						because it can be called via
+						rbt_prev() */
+{
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil = tree->nil;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		prev = current->left;
+
+	/* Is there a sub-tree to the left that we can follow. */
+	if (prev != nil) {
+
+		/* Follow the right most links of the current left child. */
+		while (prev->right != nil) {
+			prev = prev->right;
+		}
+
+	} else { /* We will have to go up the tree to find the precedecessor. */
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	parent = current->parent;
+
+		/* Cast away the const. */
+		prev = (ib_rbt_node_t*)current;
+
+		while (parent != tree->root && prev == parent->left) {
+			prev = parent;
+			parent = prev->parent;
+		}
+
+		prev = (parent == tree->root) ? NULL : parent;
+	}
+
+	return(prev);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Replace node with child. After applying transformations eject becomes
+an orphan. */
+static
+void
+rbt_eject_node(
+/*===========*/
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	eject,		/*!< in: node to eject */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node to replace with */
+{
+	/* Update the to be ejected node's parent's child pointers. */
+	if (eject->parent->left == eject) {
+		eject->parent->left = node;
+	} else if (eject->parent->right == eject) {
+		eject->parent->right = node;
+	} else {
+		ut_a(0);
+	}
+	/* eject is now an orphan but otherwise its pointers
+	and color are left intact. */
+
+	node->parent = eject->parent;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Replace a node with another node. */
+static
+void
+rbt_replace_node(
+/*=============*/
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	replace,	/*!< in: node to replace */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node to replace with */
+{
+	ib_rbt_color_t	color = node->color;
+
+	/* Update the node pointers. */
+	node->left = replace->left;
+	node->right = replace->right;
+
+	/* Update the child node pointers. */
+	node->left->parent = node;
+	node->right->parent = node;
+
+	/* Make the parent of replace point to node. */
+	rbt_eject_node(replace, node);
+
+	/* Swap the colors. */
+	node->color = replace->color;
+	replace->color = color;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Detach node from the tree replacing it with one of it's children.
+@return	the child node that now occupies the position of the detached node */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_detach_node(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node to detach */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		child;
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil = tree->nil;
+
+	if (node->left != nil && node->right != nil) {
+		/* Case where the node to be deleted has two children. */
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	successor = rbt_find_successor(tree, node);
+
+		ut_a(successor != nil);
+		ut_a(successor->parent != nil);
+		ut_a(successor->left == nil);
+
+		child = successor->right;
+
+		/* Remove the successor node and replace with its child. */
+		rbt_eject_node(successor, child);
+
+		/* Replace the node to delete with its successor node. */
+		rbt_replace_node(node, successor);
+	} else {
+		ut_a(node->left == nil || node->right == nil);
+
+		child = (node->left != nil) ? node->left : node->right;
+
+		/* Replace the node to delete with one of it's children. */
+		rbt_eject_node(node, child);
+	}
+
+	/* Reset the node links. */
+	node->parent = node->right = node->left = tree->nil;
+
+	return(child);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Rebalance the right sub-tree after deletion.
+@return	node to rebalance if more rebalancing required else NULL */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_balance_right(
+/*==============*/
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil,	/*!< in: rb tree nil node */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		parent,	/*!< in: parent node */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		sibling)/*!< in: sibling node */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		node = NULL;
+
+	ut_a(sibling != nil);
+
+	/* Case 3. */
+	if (sibling->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+
+		parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+		sibling->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		rbt_rotate_left(nil, parent);
+
+		sibling = parent->right;
+
+		ut_a(sibling != nil);
+	}
+
+	/* Since this will violate case 3 because of the change above. */
+	if (sibling->left->color == IB_RBT_BLACK
+	    && sibling->right->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+		node = parent; /* Parent needs to be rebalanced too. */
+		sibling->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+	} else {
+		if (sibling->right->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+			ut_a(sibling->left->color == IB_RBT_RED);
+
+			sibling->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+			sibling->left->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+			rbt_rotate_right(nil, sibling);
+
+			sibling = parent->right;
+			ut_a(sibling != nil);
+		}
+
+		sibling->color = parent->color;
+		sibling->right->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		rbt_rotate_left(nil, parent);
+	}
+
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Rebalance the left sub-tree after deletion.
+@return	node to rebalance if more rebalancing required else NULL */
+static
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_balance_left(
+/*=============*/
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	nil,	/*!< in: rb tree nil node */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		parent,	/*!< in: parent node */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*		sibling)/*!< in: sibling node */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node = NULL;
+
+	ut_a(sibling != nil);
+
+	/* Case 3. */
+	if (sibling->color == IB_RBT_RED) {
+
+		parent->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+		sibling->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		rbt_rotate_right(nil, parent);
+		sibling = parent->left;
+
+		ut_a(sibling != nil);
+	}
+
+	/* Since this will violate case 3 because of the change above. */
+	if (sibling->right->color == IB_RBT_BLACK
+	    && sibling->left->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+		node = parent; /* Parent needs to be rebalanced too. */
+		sibling->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+	} else {
+		if (sibling->left->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+
+			ut_a(sibling->right->color == IB_RBT_RED);
+
+			sibling->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+			sibling->right->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+			rbt_rotate_left(nil, sibling);
+
+			sibling = parent->left;
+
+			ut_a(sibling != nil);
+		}
+
+		sibling->color = parent->color;
+		sibling->left->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		parent->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+
+		rbt_rotate_right(nil, parent);
+	}
+
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Delete the node and rebalance the tree if necessary */
+static
+void
+rbt_remove_node_and_rebalance(
+/*==========================*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node)		/*!< in: node to remove */
+{
+	/* Detach node and get the node that will be used
+	as rebalance start. */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	child = rbt_detach_node(tree, node);
+
+	if (node->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	last = child;
+
+		ROOT(tree)->color = IB_RBT_RED;
+
+		while (child && child->color == IB_RBT_BLACK) {
+			ib_rbt_node_t*	parent = child->parent;
+
+			/* Did the deletion cause an imbalance in the
+			parents left sub-tree. */
+			if (parent->left == child) {
+
+				child = rbt_balance_right(
+					tree->nil, parent, parent->right);
+
+			} else if (parent->right == child) {
+
+				child = rbt_balance_left(
+					tree->nil, parent, parent->left);
+
+			} else {
+				ut_error;
+			}
+
+			if (child) {
+				last = child;
+			}
+		}
+
+		ut_a(last);
+
+		last->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+		ROOT(tree)->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+	}
+
+	/* Note that we have removed a node from the tree. */
+	--tree->n_nodes;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Recursively free the nodes. */
+static
+void
+rbt_free_node(
+/*==========*/
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node,		/*!< in: node to free */
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	nil)		/*!< in: rb tree nil node */
+{
+	if (node != nil) {
+		rbt_free_node(node->left, nil);
+		rbt_free_node(node->right, nil);
+
+		ut_free(node);
+	}
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Free all the nodes and free the tree. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_free(
+/*=====*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree)		/*!< in: rb tree to free */
+{
+	rbt_free_node(tree->root, tree->nil);
+	ut_free(tree->nil);
+	ut_free(tree);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Create an instance of a red black tree.
+@return	an empty rb tree */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ib_rbt_t*
+rbt_create(
+/*=======*/
+	size_t		sizeof_value,	/*!< in: sizeof data item */
+	ib_rbt_compare	compare)	/*!< in: fn to compare items */
+{
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node;
+
+	tree = (ib_rbt_t*) ut_malloc(sizeof(*tree));
+	memset(tree, 0, sizeof(*tree));
+
+	tree->sizeof_value = sizeof_value;
+
+	/* Create the sentinel (NIL) node. */
+	node = tree->nil = (ib_rbt_node_t*) ut_malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	memset(node, 0, sizeof(*node));
+
+	node->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+	node->parent = node->left = node->right = node;
+
+	/* Create the "fake" root, the real root node will be the
+	left child of this node. */
+	node = tree->root = (ib_rbt_node_t*) ut_malloc(sizeof(*node));
+	memset(node, 0, sizeof(*node));
+
+	node->color = IB_RBT_BLACK;
+	node->parent = node->left = node->right = tree->nil;
+
+	tree->compare = compare;
+
+	return(tree);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Generic insert of a value in the rb tree.
+@return	inserted node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_insert(
+/*=======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key,		/*!< in: key for ordering */
+	const void*	value)		/*!< in: value of key, this value
+					is copied to the node */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node;
+
+	/* Create the node that will hold the value data. */
+	node = (ib_rbt_node_t*) ut_malloc(SIZEOF_NODE(tree));
+
+	memcpy(node->value, value, tree->sizeof_value);
+	node->parent = node->left = node->right = tree->nil;
+
+	/* Insert in the tree in the usual way. */
+	rbt_tree_insert(tree, key, node);
+	rbt_balance_tree(tree, node);
+
+	++tree->n_nodes;
+
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Add a new node to the tree, useful for data that is pre-sorted.
+@return	appended node */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_add_node(
+/*=========*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: bounds */
+	const void*	value)		/*!< in: this value is copied
+					to the node */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node;
+
+	/* Create the node that will hold the value data */
+	node = (ib_rbt_node_t*) ut_malloc(SIZEOF_NODE(tree));
+
+	memcpy(node->value, value, tree->sizeof_value);
+	node->parent = node->left = node->right = tree->nil;
+
+	/* If tree is empty */
+	if (parent->last == NULL) {
+		parent->last = tree->root;
+	}
+
+	/* Append the node, the hope here is that the caller knows
+	what s/he is doing. */
+	rbt_tree_add_child(tree, parent, node);
+	rbt_balance_tree(tree, node);
+
+	++tree->n_nodes;
+
+#if	defined(IB_RBT_TESTING)
+	ut_a(rbt_validate(tree));
+#endif
+	return(node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find a matching node in the rb tree.
+@return	NULL if not found else the node where key was found */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_lookup(
+/*=======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key)		/*!< in: key to use for search */
+{
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	/* Regular binary search. */
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+		int	result = tree->compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (result < 0) {
+			current = current->left;
+		} else if (result > 0) {
+			current = current->right;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(current != tree->nil ? current : NULL);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Delete a node from the red black tree, identified by key.
+@return	TRUE if success FALSE if not found */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ibool
+rbt_delete(
+/*=======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key)		/*!< in: key to delete */
+{
+	ibool		deleted = FALSE;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	node = (ib_rbt_node_t*) rbt_lookup(tree, key);
+
+	if (node) {
+		rbt_remove_node_and_rebalance(tree, node);
+
+		ut_free(node);
+		deleted = TRUE;
+	}
+
+	return(deleted);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Remove a node from the rb tree, the node is not free'd, that is the
+callers responsibility.
+@return	deleted node but without the const */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_remove_node(
+/*============*/
+	ib_rbt_t*		tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	const_node)	/*!< in: node to delete, this
+						is a fudge and declared const
+						because the caller can access
+						only const nodes */
+{
+	/* Cast away the const. */
+	rbt_remove_node_and_rebalance(tree, (ib_rbt_node_t*) const_node);
+
+	/* This is to make it easier to do something like this:
+		ut_free(rbt_remove_node(node));
+	*/
+
+	return((ib_rbt_node_t*) const_node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the lowest key that is >= key.
+@return	node satisfying the lower bound constraint or NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_lower_bound(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key)		/*!< in: key to search */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	lb_node = NULL;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+		int result = tree->compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (result > 0) {
+
+			current = current->right;
+
+		} else if (result < 0) {
+
+			lb_node = current;
+			current = current->left;
+
+		} else {
+			lb_node = current;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(lb_node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the greatest key that is <= key.
+@return	node satisfying the upper bound constraint or NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_upper_bound(
+/*============*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const void*	key)		/*!< in: key to search */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	ub_node = NULL;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+		int result = tree->compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (result > 0) {
+
+			ub_node = current;
+			current = current->right;
+
+		} else if (result < 0) {
+
+			current = current->left;
+
+		} else {
+			ub_node = current;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(ub_node);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the greatest key that is <= key.
+@return	value of result */
+UNIV_INTERN
+int
+rbt_search(
+/*=======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: search bounds */
+	const void*	key)		/*!< in: key to search */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	/* Every thing is greater than the NULL root. */
+	parent->result = 1;
+	parent->last = NULL;
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+
+		parent->last = current;
+		parent->result = tree->compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (parent->result > 0) {
+			current = current->right;
+		} else if (parent->result < 0) {
+			current = current->left;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(parent->result);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Find the node that has the greatest key that is <= key. But use the
+supplied comparison function.
+@return	value of result */
+UNIV_INTERN
+int
+rbt_search_cmp(
+/*===========*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree,		/*!< in: rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_bound_t*	parent,		/*!< in: search bounds */
+	const void*	key,		/*!< in: key to search */
+	ib_rbt_compare	compare)	/*!< in: fn to compare items */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	/* Every thing is greater than the NULL root. */
+	parent->result = 1;
+	parent->last = NULL;
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+
+		parent->last = current;
+		parent->result = compare(key, current->value);
+
+		if (parent->result > 0) {
+			current = current->right;
+		} else if (parent->result < 0) {
+			current = current->left;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(parent->result);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Get the leftmost node.
+Return the left most node in the tree. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_first(
+/*======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree)		/* in: rb tree */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	first = NULL;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+		first = current;
+		current = current->left;
+	}
+
+	return(first);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the right most node in the tree.
+@return	the rightmost node or NULL */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_last(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree)		/*!< in: rb tree */
+{
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	last = NULL;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	current = ROOT(tree);
+
+	while (current != tree->nil) {
+		last = current;
+		current = current->right;
+	}
+
+	return(last);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the next node.
+@return	node next from current */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_next(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	current)/*!< in: current node */
+{
+	return(current ? rbt_find_successor(tree, current) : NULL);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Return the previous node.
+@return	node prev from current */
+UNIV_INTERN
+const ib_rbt_node_t*
+rbt_prev(
+/*=====*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_node_t*	current)/*!< in: current node */
+{
+	return(current ? rbt_find_predecessor(tree, current) : NULL);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Reset the tree. Delete all the nodes. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_clear(
+/*======*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	tree)		/*!< in: rb tree */
+{
+	rbt_free_node(ROOT(tree), tree->nil);
+
+	tree->n_nodes = 0;
+	tree->root->left = tree->root->right = tree->nil;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Merge the node from dst into src. Return the number of nodes merged.
+@return	no. of recs merged */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ulint
+rbt_merge_uniq(
+/*===========*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	dst,		/*!< in: dst rb tree */
+	const ib_rbt_t*	src)		/*!< in: src rb tree */
+{
+	ib_rbt_bound_t		parent;
+	ulint			n_merged = 0;
+	const	ib_rbt_node_t*	src_node = rbt_first(src);
+
+	if (rbt_empty(src) || dst == src) {
+		return(0);
+	}
+
+	for (/* No op */; src_node; src_node = rbt_next(src, src_node)) {
+
+		if (rbt_search(dst, &parent, src_node->value) != 0) {
+			rbt_add_node(dst, &parent, src_node->value);
+			++n_merged;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return(n_merged);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Merge the node from dst into src. Return the number of nodes merged.
+Delete the nodes from src after copying node to dst. As a side effect
+the duplicates will be left untouched in the src.
+@return	no. of recs merged */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ulint
+rbt_merge_uniq_destructive(
+/*=======================*/
+	ib_rbt_t*	dst,		/*!< in: dst rb tree */
+	ib_rbt_t*	src)		/*!< in: src rb tree */
+{
+	ib_rbt_bound_t	parent;
+	ib_rbt_node_t*	src_node;
+	ulint		old_size = rbt_size(dst);
+
+	if (rbt_empty(src) || dst == src) {
+		return(0);
+	}
+
+	for (src_node = (ib_rbt_node_t*) rbt_first(src); src_node; /* */) {
+		ib_rbt_node_t*	prev = src_node;
+
+		src_node = (ib_rbt_node_t*)rbt_next(src, prev);
+
+		/* Skip duplicates. */
+		if (rbt_search(dst, &parent, prev->value) != 0) {
+
+			/* Remove and reset the node but preserve
+			the node (data) value. */
+			rbt_remove_node_and_rebalance(src, prev);
+
+			/* The nil should be taken from the dst tree. */
+			prev->parent = prev->left = prev->right = dst->nil;
+			rbt_tree_add_child(dst, &parent, prev);
+			rbt_balance_tree(dst, prev);
+
+			++dst->n_nodes;
+		}
+	}
+
+#if	defined(IB_RBT_TESTING)
+	ut_a(rbt_validate(dst));
+	ut_a(rbt_validate(src));
+#endif
+	return(rbt_size(dst) - old_size);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Check that every path from the root to the leaves has the same count and
+the tree nodes are in order.
+@return	TRUE if OK FALSE otherwise */
+UNIV_INTERN
+ibool
+rbt_validate(
+/*=========*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*	tree)		/*!< in: RB tree to validate */
+{
+	if (rbt_count_black_nodes(tree, ROOT(tree)) > 0) {
+		return(rbt_check_ordering(tree));
+	}
+
+	return(FALSE);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************//**
+Iterate over the tree in depth first order. */
+UNIV_INTERN
+void
+rbt_print(
+/*======*/
+	const ib_rbt_t*		tree,	/*!< in: tree to traverse */
+	ib_rbt_print_node	print)	/*!< in: print function */
+{
+	rbt_print_subtree(tree, ROOT(tree), print);
+}