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Fixups in line with MySQL trademark policy; chapter 1.

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Docs/manual.texi
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......@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@ifinfo
This is a manual for MySQL. This version is about the
@value{mysql_version} version of MySQL. You can find a manual
about any older version of MySQL in the binary or source
distribution for that version.
This is a manual for the MySQL Database System.
This version is about the @value{mysql_version} version of MySQL Server.
You can find a specific manual for any older version of MySQL Server
in the binary or source distribution for that version.
@end ifinfo
@menu
......@@ -144,38 +144,40 @@ distribution for that version.
@cindex overview
@cindex general information
@code{MySQL (TM)} is a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust
@code{SQL} (@code{Structured Query Language}) database server.
MySQL is intended for mission-critical, heavy load production systems
as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software.
The @code{MySQL (TM)} software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded,
multi-user, and robust @code{SQL} (@code{Structured Query Language})
database server.
MySQL Server is intended for mission-critical, heavy load production
systems as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software.
@code{MySQL} is a trademark of @code{MySQL AB}.
MySQL has @code{Dual licensing}, you can use MySQL free of charge
under the @code{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}
The MySQL software has @code{Dual licensing}, you can use MySQL Server
free of charge under the @code{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}
(@uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}).
You can also purchase commercial MySQL licenses from @code{MySQL AB}
if you do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.
You can also purchase commercial MySQL Server licenses from
@code{MySQL AB} if you do not wish to be bound by the terms of the GPL.
@xref{Licensing and Support}.
The MySQL web site (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}) provides the latest
information about MySQL.
information about the MySQL software.
The following list describes some useful sections of the manual:
@itemize @bullet
@item
For information about the company behind MySQL, see
@ref{What is MySQL AB}.
For information about the company behind the MySQL Database Server,
see @ref{What is MySQL AB}.
@item
For a discussion of MySQL's capabilities, see @ref{Features}.
For a discussion about the capabilities of the MySQL Database Server,
see @ref{Features}.
@item
For installation instructions, see @ref{Installing}.
@item
For tips on porting MySQL to new architectures or operating
systems, see @ref{Porting}.
For tips on porting the MySQL Database Software to new architectures
or operating systems, see @ref{Porting}.
@item
For information about upgrading from a Version 3.23 release, see
......@@ -186,7 +188,8 @@ For information about upgrading from a Version 3.22 release, see
@ref{Upgrading-from-3.22}.
@item
For a tutorial introduction to MySQL, see @ref{Tutorial}.
For a tutorial introduction to the MySQL Database Server,
see @ref{Tutorial}.
@item
For examples of SQL and benchmarking information, see the benchmarking
......@@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ The @code{mysqlbug} script should be used to generate bug reports.
For source distributions, the @code{mysqlbug} script can be found in the
@file{scripts} directory. For binary distributions, @code{mysqlbug} can
be found in the @file{bin} directory. If you have found a sensitive
security bug in MySQL, you should send an e-mail to
security bug in MySQL Server, you should send an e-mail to
@email{security@@mysql.com}.
@cindex errors, reporting
......@@ -247,7 +250,8 @@ This is the MySQL reference manual; it documents MySQL Version
@value{mysql_version}. Being a reference manual, it does not provide
general instruction on SQL or relational database concepts.
As MySQL is work in progress, the manual gets updated frequently.
As the MySQL Database Software is work in progress, the manual gets
updated frequently.
The most recent version of this manual is available at
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/documentation/} in many different formats,
currently there are Texinfo, plain text, Info, HTML, PostScript, and
......@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@ that builds its business providing services around the MySQL database.
@xref{What is MySQL AB}.
The MySQL web site (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/})
provides the latest information about MySQL and MySQL AB.
provides the latest information about MySQL software and MySQL AB.
@table @asis
......@@ -427,7 +431,7 @@ A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a
simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of
information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data
stored in a computer database, you need a database management system
such as MySQL. Since computers are very good at handling large
such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling large
amounts of data, database management plays a central role in computing,
as stand-alone utilities, or as parts of other applications.
......@@ -436,60 +440,62 @@ as stand-alone utilities, or as parts of other applications.
@item MySQL is a relational database management system.
A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting
all the data in one big storeroom. This adds speed and flexibility. The
tables are linked by defined relations making it possible to combine
data from several tables on request. The SQL part of MySQL
stands for "Structured Query Language" - the most common standardised
language used to access databases.
all the data in one big storeroom. This adds speed and flexibility.
The tables are linked by defined relations making it possible to combine
data from several tables on request. The @code{SQL} part of
``@code{MySQL}'' stands for ``@code{Structured Query Language}''
- the most common standardised language used to access databases.
@cindex relational databases, defined
@cindex SQL, defined
@item MySQL is Open Source Software.
@item MySQL Software is Open Source.
Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify.
Anybody can download MySQL from the Internet and use it
Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it
without paying anything. Anybody so inclined can study the source code
and change it to fit their needs. MySQL uses the GPL (GNU
and change it to fit their needs. The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU
General Public License) @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}, to define what you
may and may not do with the software in different situations. If you
feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL into a commercial
feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL code into a commercial
application you can buy a commercially licensed version from us.
@xref{MySQL server licenses}.
@cindex Open Source, defined
@cindex General Public License
@item Why use MySQL?
@item Why use the MySQL Database Server?
MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. If that is what
you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL also has a
The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, and easy to use.
If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try.
MySQL Server also has a
practical set of features developed in close cooperation with
our users. You can find a performance comparison of MySQL
our users. You can find a performance comparison of MySQL Server
to some other database managers on our benchmark page.
@xref{MySQL Benchmarks}.
MySQL was originally developed to handle large databases
MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases
much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in
highly demanding production environments for several years. Though
under constant development, MySQL today offers a rich and
under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a rich and
useful set of functions. The connectivity, speed, and security make
MySQL highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.
MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.
@item The technical features of MySQL
@item The technical features of MySQL Server
For advanced technical information, see @ref{Reference}. MySQL is
a client/server system that consists of a multi-threaded SQL server
that supports different backends, several different client programs and
libraries, administrative tools, and several programming interfaces.
For advanced technical information, see @ref{Reference}. The MySQL
Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a
multi-threaded SQL server that supports different backends, several
different client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and
several programming interfaces.
We also provide MySQL as a multi-threaded library which you can
We also provide MySQL Server as a multi-threaded library which you can
link into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier to manage
product.
@item MySQL has a lot of contributed software available.
@item There is a lot of contributed MySQL software available.
It is very likely that you will find that your favorite application or
language already supports MySQL.
language already supports the MySQL Database Server.
@end table
......@@ -524,7 +530,7 @@ flexible enough for our needs. This resulted in a new SQL interface to our
database but with almost the same API interface as @code{mSQL}. This API was
chosen to ease porting of third-party code.
The derivation of the name MySQL is not perfectly clear. Our base
The derivation of the name @code{MySQL} is not perfectly clear. Our base
directory and a large number of our libraries and tools have had the prefix
``my'' for well over 10 years. However, Monty's daughter (some years younger)
is also named My. Which of the two gave its name to MySQL is
......@@ -538,7 +544,7 @@ still a mystery, even for us.
@cindex features of MySQL
The following list describes some of the important characteristics
of MySQL. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
of the MySQL Database Software. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
@c This list is too technical and should be divided into one feature
@c list comparable to commercial competition and a very technical on
......@@ -549,7 +555,7 @@ of MySQL. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
@item
Written in C and C++. Tested with a broad range of different compilers.
@item
No memory leaks. MySQL has been tested with Purify, a commercial
No memory leaks. The MySQL code has been tested with Purify, a commercial
memory leakage detector.
@item
Works on many different platforms. @xref{Which OS}.
......@@ -643,13 +649,13 @@ password traffic is encrypted when you connect to a server.
@item Scalability and Limits
@itemize @bullet
@item
Handles large databases. We are using MySQL with some
Handles large databases. We are using MySQL Server with some
databases that contain 50,000,000 records and we know of users that
uses MySQL with 60,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.
uses MySQL Server with 60,000 tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.
@item
Up to 32 indexes per table are allowed. Each index may consist of 1 to 16
columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is 500 bytes
(this may be changed when compiling MySQL). An index may use a prefix
(this may be changed when compiling MySQL Server). An index may use a prefix
of a @code{CHAR} or @code{VARCHAR} field.
@end itemize
......@@ -681,7 +687,7 @@ string columns are case insensitive.
Sorting is done according to the chosen character set (the Swedish
way by default). It is possible to change this when the MySQL server
is started up. To see an example of very advanced sorting, look at the
Czech sorting code. MySQL supports many different character sets
Czech sorting code. MySQL Server supports many different character sets
that can be specified at compile and run time.
@end itemize
......@@ -714,26 +720,27 @@ very active in identifying problems as well as reporting types of use.
Original code stems back from the early 80s, providing a stable code
base, and the ISAM table format remains backwards compatible.
At TcX, the predecessor of MySQL AB, MySQL has worked in projects
At TcX, the predecessor of MySQL AB, MySQL code has worked in projects
since mid-1996, without any problems.
When MySQL was released to a wider public, we noticed that there were
When the MySQL Database Software was released to a wider public,
we noticed that there were
some pieces of ``untested code'' that were quickly found by the new
users who made different types of queries from us. Each new release
has had fewer portability problems (even though each new release has
had many new features).
Each release of MySQL has been usable. There have only been problems
Each release of the MySQL Server has been usable. There have only been problems
when users try code from the ``gray zones.'' Naturally, new users
don't know what the gray zones are; this section attempts to indicate
those that are currently known.
The descriptions mostly deal with Version 3.23 of MySQL.
The descriptions mostly deal with Version 3.23 of MySQL Server.
All known and reported bugs are fixed in the latest version, with the
exception of those listed in the bugs section, which are things that
are design-related. @xref{Bugs}.
MySQL design is multi-layered with independent modules. Some of the
newer modules are listed below with an indication of how well-tested
each of them is:
The MySQL Server design is multi-layered with independent modules.
Some of the newer modules are listed below with an indication of how
well-tested each of them is:
@cindex modules, list of
......@@ -750,7 +757,7 @@ used in some large, heavy load production systems.
@item @code{BDB} tables -- Gamma
The @code{Berkeley DB} code is very stable, but we are still improving
the @code{BDB} transactional table handler interface in MySQL, so it
the @code{BDB} transactional table handler interface in MySQL Server, so it
will take some time before this is as well tested as the other table
types.
......@@ -817,7 +824,7 @@ On Linux 2.2 you can get bigger tables than 2G by using the LFS patch for
the ext2 file system. On Linux 2.4 there exists also patches for ReiserFS
to get support for big files.
This means that the table size for MySQL is normally limited by
This means that the table size for MySQL databases is normally limited by
the operating system.
By default, MySQL tables have a maximum size of about 4G. You can
......@@ -851,14 +858,14 @@ tables}.
@cindex compliance, Y2K
@cindex date functions, Y2K compliance
MySQL itself has no problems with Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance:
The MySQL Server itself has no problems with Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance:
@itemize @bullet
@item
MySQL uses Unix time functions and has no problems with dates
MySQL Server uses Unix time functions and has no problems with dates
until @code{2069}; all 2-digit years are regarded to be in the range
@code{1970} to @code{2069}, which means that if you store @code{01} in a
@code{year} column, MySQL treats it as @code{2001}.
@code{year} column, MySQL Server treats it as @code{2001}.
@item
All MySQL date functions are stored in one file @file{sql/time.cc}
......@@ -870,7 +877,7 @@ can store years @code{0} and @code{1901} to @code{2155} in 1 byte and display
them using 2 or 4 digits.
@end itemize
You may run into problems with applications that use MySQL in a
You may run into problems with applications that use MySQL Server in a
way that is not Y2K-safe. For example, many old applications store
or manipulate years using 2-digit values (which are ambiguous) rather than
4-digit values. This problem may be compounded by applications that use
......@@ -880,7 +887,7 @@ Unfortunately, these problems may be difficult to fix, because different
applications may be written by different programmers, each of whom may
use a different set of conventions and date-handling functions.
Here is a simple demonstration illustrating that MySQL doesn't have
Here is a simple demonstration illustrating that MySQL Server doesn't have
any problems with dates until the year 2030:
@example
......@@ -940,8 +947,8 @@ range up to only @code{2030-01-01}. @code{TIMESTAMP} has a range of
@code{1970} to @code{2030} on 32-bit machines (signed value). On 64-bit
machines it handles times up to @code{2106} (unsigned value).
Even though MySQL is Y2K-compliant, it is your responsibility to
provide unambiguous input. See @ref{Y2K issues} for MySQL's rules
Even though MySQL Server is Y2K-compliant, it is your responsibility to
provide unambiguous input. See @ref{Y2K issues} for MySQL Server's rules
for dealing with ambiguous date input data (data containing 2-digit year
values).
......@@ -961,9 +968,9 @@ We are a virtual organisation with people in a dozen countries around
the world. We communicate extensively over the net every day with each
other and with our users, supporters and partners.
We are dedicated to developing MySQL and spreading our database to new
users. MySQL AB owns the copyright to the MySQL source code, the MySQL
logo and trademark and this manual. @xref{What-is}.
We are dedicated to developing the MySQL software and spreading our
database to new users. MySQL AB owns the copyright to the MySQL source
code, the MySQL logo and trademark and this manual. @xref{What-is}.
@menu
* MySQL AB business model and services:: The Business Model and Services of MySQL AB
......@@ -972,7 +979,7 @@ logo and trademark and this manual. @xref{What-is}.
The MySQL core values show our dedication to MySQL and Open Source.
We want MySQL to be:
We want the MySQL Database Software to be:
@itemize @bullet
@item
The best and the most widely used database in the world.
......@@ -1095,22 +1102,22 @@ Program, please e-mail @email{certification@@mysql.com}.
@node Business Services Consulting, Business Services Commercial licenses, Business Services Training, MySQL AB business model and services
@subsubsection Consulting
MySQL AB and its Authorised Partners offer consulting services to
users of MySQL and to those who embed MySQL in their own software,
all over the world.
users of the MySQL Server and to those who embed the MySQL Server
in their own software, all over the world.
Our consultants can help you design and tune your databases, construct
efficient queries, tune your platform for optimal performance, resolve
migration issues, set up replication, build robust transactional
applications, and more.
We also help customers embed MySQL in their products and applications
for large-scale deployment.
We also help customers embed the MySQL Server in their products and
applications for large-scale deployment.
Our consultants work in close collaboration with our development team
which ensures the technical quality of our professional services.
Consulting assignments range from 2-day power start sessions to
projects that span weeks and months. Our expertise does not only cover
MySQL, but extends into programming and scripting languages such as
PHP, Perl and more.
MySQL Server, but extends into programming and scripting languages
such as PHP, Perl and more.
If you are interested in our consulting services or want to become a
consulting partner, please visit the consulting section of our web site
......@@ -1122,10 +1129,10 @@ consulting staff at @email{consulting@@mysql.com}.
@node Business Services Commercial licenses, Business Services Partnering, Business Services Consulting, MySQL AB business model and services
@subsubsection Commercial Licenses
The MySQL database is released under the @code{GNU General Public License}
(@code{GPL}). This means that MySQL can be used free of charge under the
GPL. If you do not want to be bound by the GPL terms (like the requirement
that your own application becomes GPL as well), you may purchase a
commercial license for the same product from MySQL AB at
(@code{GPL}). This means that the MySQL software can be used free of charge
under the GPL. If you do not want to be bound by the GPL terms (like the
requirement that your own application becomes GPL as well), you may purchase
a commercial license for the same product from MySQL AB at
@uref{https://order.mysql.com/}.
Since MySQL AB owns the copyright to the MySQL server, we are able to
employ @code{Dual Licensing} which means that the same product is
......@@ -1135,14 +1142,14 @@ For details about when a commercial license is required, please see
@ref{MySQL server licenses}.
We also sell commercial licenses of third-party Open Source GPL software
that adds value to MySQL. A good example is the @code{InnoDB}
that adds value to the MySQL Server. A good example is the @code{InnoDB}
transactional table handler that offers ACID support, row-level locking,
crash recovery, multiversioning, foreign key support, and more.
@node Business Services Partnering, Business Services Advertising, Business Services Commercial licenses, MySQL AB business model and services
@subsubsection Partnering
@cindex partnering with MySQL
@cindex partnering with MySQL AB
MySQL AB has a worldwide partner program that covers training courses,
support, consulting, solutions, publications plus reselling and
distributing MySQL and related products. Partners get visibility on the
......@@ -1193,8 +1200,8 @@ For press service and inquiries not covered in our News releases
@email{press@@mysql.com}.
If you have a valid support contract with MySQL AB; you will get
timely, precise answers to your technical questions about MySQL.
For more information, see @ref{Support}.
timely, precise answers to your technical questions about the MySQL
software. For more information, see @ref{Support}.
You can order your support contract at
@uref{https://order.mysql.com/}, or send an email to
@email{sales@@mysql.com}.
......@@ -1254,7 +1261,7 @@ attention to the appropriate mailing list.
Reports of errors (often called bugs), as well as questions and
comments, should be sent to the mailing list at
@email{mysql@@lists.mysql.com}. If you have found a sensitive
security bug in MySQL, you should send an e-mail to
security bug in the MySQL Server, you should send an e-mail to
@email{security@@mysql.com}.
@xref{Bug reports}.
......@@ -1311,13 +1318,13 @@ unique problems direct from the software engineers who code the MySQL
database engine.
We try to take a broad and inclusive view of technical support. Almost
any problem involving MySQL is important to us if it's important to you.
any problem involving MySQL software is important to us if it's important to you.
Typically customers seek help on how to get different commands and
utilities to work, remove performance bottlenecks, restore crashed
systems, understand operating system or networking impacts on MySQL,
set-up best practices for backup and recovery, utilise APIs, etc.
Our support covers only the MySQL server and our own utilities, not
third-party products that access MySQL, though we try to help with
third-party products that access the MySQL server, though we try to help with
these where we can.
Detailed information about our various support options is given at
......@@ -1328,7 +1335,7 @@ our sales staff at @email{sales@@mysql.com}.
Technical support is like life insurance. You can live happily
without it for years, but when your hour arrives it becomes
critically important, yet it's too late to buy it!
If you use MySQL for important applications and encounter sudden
If you use MySQL Server for important applications and encounter sudden
troubles, it might take too long to figure out all the answers
yourself. You may need immediate access to the most experienced
MySQL troubleshooters available, those employed by MySQL AB.
......@@ -1456,7 +1463,7 @@ code.
@item
When you distribute a non-GPL application that ONLY works with the MySQL
server and ships it with MySQL. This type of solution is actually
server and ship it with the MySQL server. This type of solution is actually
considered to be linking even if it's done over a network.
@item
......@@ -1467,7 +1474,7 @@ source code as required under the GPL license.
When you want to support the further development of the MySQL database
even if you don't formally need a commercial license. Purchasing support
directly from MySQL AB is another good way of contributing to the
development of MySQL, with immediate advantages for you.
development of the MySQL software, with immediate advantages for you.
@xref{Support}.
@end itemize
......@@ -1497,7 +1504,7 @@ resulting product under GPL.
@item
When you distribute the MySQL server source code bundled with other
programs that are not linked to or dependant on MySQL for their
programs that are not linked to or dependant on MySQL Server for their
functionality even if you sell the distribution commercially.
@item
......@@ -1505,7 +1512,7 @@ When using the MySQL server internally in your company.
@item
When include the MySQL client code in a commercial program.
The client part of MySQL is licensed under the LGPL
The client part of the MySQL software is licensed under the LGPL
@code{GNU Lesser General Public License}. The formal terms of the
LGPL license can be found at @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
......@@ -1529,29 +1536,31 @@ to our @code{announce} mailing list so that they can be aware of
critical issues that may be relevant for their MySQL installations.
Note that even if an ISP does not have a commercial license for
MySQL, they should at least give their customers read access to the
MySQL Server, they should at least give their customers read access to the
source of the MySQL installation so that the customers can verify
that it is patched correctly.
@item
@cindex web server, running
@cindex running a web server
When you use MySQL in conjunction with a Web server, you do not need
a commercial license. This is true even if you run a commercial Web
server that uses MySQL, because you are not selling an embedded MySQL
version yourself. However, in this case we would like you to
purchase MySQL support, because MySQL is helping your enterprise.
@end itemize
If your use of MySQL does not require a commercial license, we
encourage you to purchase support from MySQL AB anyway. This way
you contribute towards MySQL development and also gain immediate
advantages for yourself. @xref{Support}.
If you use MySQL in a commercial context such that you profit by
its use, we ask that you further the development of MySQL by
purchasing some level of support. We feel that if MySQL helps
your business, it is reasonable to ask that you help MySQL.
When you use the MySQL Database Software in conjunction with a Web
server, you do not need a commercial license. This is true even if
you run a commercial Web server that uses MySQL Server, because you
are not selling an embedded MySQL version yourself. However, in this
case we would like you to purchase MySQL support, because the MySQL
software is helping your enterprise.
@end itemize
If your use of MySQL database software does not require a commercial
license, we encourage you to purchase support from MySQL AB anyway.
This way you contribute towards MySQL development and also gain
immediate advantages for yourself. @xref{Support}.
If you use the MySQL database software in a commercial context such
that you profit by its use, we ask that you further the development
of the MySQL software by purchasing some level of support. We feel
that if the MySQL database helps your business, it is reasonable to
ask that you help MySQL AB.
(Otherwise, if you ask us support questions, you are not only using
for free something into which we've put a lot a work, you're asking
us to provide free support, too.)
......@@ -1675,7 +1684,7 @@ Please see @xref{Business Services Partnering,,Partnering}.
MySQL AB welcomes references to the MySQL database, but note that the
word @code{MySQL} is a trademark of MySQL AB. Because of this, you should
append the trademark symbol @code{TM} to the first or most prominent use
of the word MySQL in a text and where appropriate use a statement that
of the word @code{MySQL} in a text and where appropriate use a statement that
@code{MySQL} is a trademark of MySQL AB. Please refer to our trademark
policy at @uref{http://www.mysql.com/company/trademark.html} for
details.
......@@ -1694,12 +1703,12 @@ domain names is not allowed without written permission from MySQL AB.
Dateline: 16 October 2001, Uppsala, Sweden
Long promised by MySQL AB and long awaited by our users,
MySQL 4.0 is now available in alpha version for download from
MySQL Server 4.0 is now available in alpha version for download from
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/} and our mirrors.
Main new features of MySQL 4.0 are geared towards our existing
business and community users, enhancing MySQL as the solution
for mission-critical, heavy load database systems.
Main new features of MySQL Server 4.0 are geared towards our existing
business and community users, enhancing the MySQL database software
as the solution for mission-critical, heavy load database systems.
Other new features target the users of embedded databases.
@menu
......@@ -1715,7 +1724,7 @@ Other new features target the users of embedded databases.
@node Nutshell Stepwise Rollout, Nutshell Ready for Immediate Development Use, MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell, MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell
@subsection Stepwise Rollout
The rollout of MySQL 4.0 will come in several steps, with
The rollout of MySQL Server 4.0 will come in several steps, with
the first version labelled 4.0.0 already containing most of the
new features. Additional features will be incorporated into
MySQL 4.0.1, 4.0.2 onwards; very probably within a couple of months,
......@@ -1728,12 +1737,12 @@ in early 2002.
@subsection Ready for Immediate Development Use
Users are not recommended to switch their production systems
to MySQL 4.0 until it is released in beta version.
to MySQL Server 4.0 until it is released in beta version.
However, even the initial release has passed our extensive
test suite without any errors on any of the platforms we test on.
Due to the large number of new features, we thus recommend
MySQL 4.0 even in alpha form for development use, with
the release schedule of MySQL 4.0 being such that it will
MySQL Server 4.0 even in alpha form for development use, with
the release schedule of MySQL Server 4.0 being such that it will
reach stable state before the deployment of user applications
now under development.
......@@ -1741,17 +1750,17 @@ now under development.
@node Nutshell Embedded MySQL, Nutshell Other features, Nutshell Ready for Immediate Development Use, MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell
@subsection Embedded MySQL
@code{libmysqld} makes MySQL suitable for a vastly expanded realm of
@code{libmysqld} makes MySQL Server suitable for a vastly expanded realm of
applications. Using the embedded MySQL server library, one can
embed MySQL into various applications and electronics devices, where
embed MySQL Server into various applications and electronics devices, where
the end user has no knowledge of there actually being an underlying
database. Embedded MySQL is ideal for use behind
database. Embedded MySQL Server is ideal for use behind
the scenes in internet appliances, public kiosks, turn-key
hardware/ software combination units, high performance internet
servers, self-contained databases distributed on CD-ROM etc.
Many embedded MySQL users will benefit from the @emph{dual licensing}
scheme of MySQL, where besides the GPL license also commercial
scheme of the MySQL software, where besides the GPL license also commercial
licensing is available for those not wishing to be bound by the GPL.
The embedded MySQL library uses the same interface as the normal
client library, so it is convenient and easy to use.
......@@ -1762,7 +1771,8 @@ client library, so it is convenient and easy to use.
@itemize @bullet
@item
MySQL 4.0 further increases @emph{the speed of MySQL} in a number of areas,
Version 4.0 further increases @emph{the speed of MySQL Server}
in a number of areas,
such as bulk @code{INSERT}s, searching on packed indices, creation of
@code{FULLTEXT} indices as well as @code{COUNT(DISTINCT)}.
......@@ -1772,7 +1782,7 @@ standard MySQL server, including full support for @code{transactions}
and @code{row-level locking}.
@item
MySQL 4.0 will support secure traffic between the client and the server,
MySQL Server 4.0 will support secure traffic between the client and the server,
greatly increasing security against malicious intrusion and unauthorised
access. Web applications being a cornerstone of MySQL use, web developers
have been able to use SSL to secure the traffic between the
......@@ -1780,7 +1790,7 @@ the end user browser and the Web application, be it written in
PHP, Perl, ASP or using any other web development tool. However,
the traffic between the development tool and the mysqld server
process has been protected only by virtue of them being processes
residing on computers within the same firewall. In MySQL 4.0,
residing on computers within the same firewall. In MySQL Server 4.0,
the @emph{mysqld} server daemon process can itself use
@code{Secure Sockets Layer} (@code{SSL}),
thus enabling secure traffic to MySQL databases from, say, a Windows
......@@ -1793,9 +1803,9 @@ Umlauts in the same order as German telephone books.
@item
Features to simplify @code{migration} from other database systems to MySQL
include @code{TRUNCATE TABLE} (like in Oracle) and @code{IDENTITY} as a
Server include @code{TRUNCATE TABLE} (like in Oracle) and @code{IDENTITY} as a
synonym for automatically incremented keys (like in Sybase). Many users will
also be happy to learn that MySQL now supports the @code{UNION} statement,
also be happy to learn that MySQL Server now supports the @code{UNION} statement,
a long awaited standard SQL feature.
@item
......@@ -1815,12 +1825,12 @@ possible to know how many rows a query would have returned without a
@node Nutshell Future features, Nutshell 4.1 development release, Nutshell Other features, MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell
@subsection Future MySQL 4.0 Features
For the upcoming MySQL 4.0 releases (4.0.1, 4.0.2 and onwards), expect
the following features now still under development:
For the upcoming MySQL Server 4.0 releases (4.0.1, 4.0.2 and onwards),
expect the following features now still under development:
@itemize @bullet
@item
Mission-critical, heavy-load users of MySQL will appreciate
Mission-critical, heavy-load users of MySQL Server will appreciate
the additions to our replication system and our online hot backup.
Later versions of 4.0 will include @code{fail-safe replication};
already in existing 4.0.0, the @code{LOAD DATA FROM MASTER} command
......@@ -1835,11 +1845,11 @@ mysqld parameters (startup options) can soon be set without
taking down the servers.
@item
The new @code{FULLTEXT} search properties of MySQL 4.0 enables the use
of @code{FULLTEXT} indexing of large text masses with both binary and
The new @code{FULLTEXT} search properties of MySQL Server 4.0 enables the
use of @code{FULLTEXT} indexing of large text masses with both binary and
natural language searching logic. Users can customise minimal word
length and define their own stop word lists in any human language,
enabling a new set of applications to be built on MySQL.
enabling a new set of applications to be built on MySQL Server.
@item
Many read-heavy applications will benefit from
......@@ -1855,17 +1865,18 @@ in the client.
@subsection MySQL 4.1, The Following Development Release
Internally, through a new .frm file format for table definitions,
MySQL 4.0 lays the foundation for the new features of MySQL 4.1,
MySQL Server 4.0 lays the foundation for the new features of MySQL Server 4.1,
such as @code{nested subqueries}, @code{stored procedures}, and
@code{foreign key integrity rules}, which form the top of the
wish list for many of our customers. Along with those, we will
also include simpler additions, such as
multi-table @code{UPDATE} statements.
After those additions, critics of MySQL have to be more imaginative
After those additions, critics of the MySQL Database Server have
to be more imaginative
than ever in pointing out deficiencies in the MySQL Database
Management System. For long already known for its stability,
speed, and ease of use, MySQL will then match the requirement
speed, and ease of use, MySQL Server will then match the requirement
checklist of very demanding buyers.
......@@ -1918,25 +1929,25 @@ comment on, rate, or buy them.
While this manual (particularly the online version) is still
the right place for up to date technical information, its
primary goal is to contain everything there is to know about
MySQL. It's sometimes nice to have a bound book to read in
bed or while you travel.
the MySQL database system. It's sometimes nice to have a bound
book to read in bed or while you travel.
By purchasing a book through the hyperlinks provided, you
will contribute to the development of MySQL.
will contribute to the development of the MySQL software.
@item Development
This portal has links to sites that are using MySQL for various
This portal has links to sites that are using MySQL Server for various
purposes, with a description of each site. This information can
give you an idea of who uses MySQL and how MySQL can fulfill
their requirements.
give you an idea of who uses the MySQL database software and how
MySQL Server can fulfill their requirements.
Do let us know about @emph{your} site or success story too!
@item Software
Here you can find and download a multitude of applications and
wrappers that make use of MySQL.
wrappers that make use of the MySQL server.
@item Distributions
From here you can find the various Linux distributions and other
software packages that contain MySQL.
software packages that contain the MySQL software.
@item Consultants
Here you can find information about MySQL Consultants.
......@@ -2034,7 +2045,7 @@ On this list you should only post a full, repeatable bug report using
the @code{mysqlbug} script (if you are running on Windows, you should
include a description of the operating system and the MySQL version).
Preferably, you should test the problem using the latest stable or development
version of MySQL before posting! Anyone should be able to repeat the
version of MySQL Server before posting! Anyone should be able to repeat the
bug by just using @code{mysql test < script} on the included test case. All
bugs posted on this list will be corrected or documented in the next
MySQL release! If there are only small code changes involved, we
......@@ -2051,20 +2062,20 @@ can also discuss MySQL development and post patches.
A digest version of the @code{internals} list.
@item @email{java-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} java
Discussion about MySQL and Java. Mostly about the JDBC drivers.
Discussion about the MySQL server and Java. Mostly about the JDBC drivers.
@item @email{java-digest-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} java-digest
A digest version of the @code{java} list.
@item @email{win32-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} win32
All things concerning MySQL on Microsoft operating systems such as
Win95, Win98, NT, and Win2000.
All things concerning the MySQL software on Microsoft operating systems
such as Win95, Win98, NT, and Win2000.
@item @email{win32-digest-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} win32-digest
A digest version of the @code{win32} list.
@item @email{myodbc-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} myodbc
All things about connecting to MySQL with ODBC.
All things about connecting to the MySQL server with ODBC.
@item @email{myodbc-digest-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} myodbc-digest
A digest version of the @code{myodbc} list.
......@@ -2076,7 +2087,7 @@ All things concerning programming with the C++ API to MySQL.
A digest version of the @code{plusplus} list.
@item @email{msql-mysql-modules-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} msql-mysql-modules
A list about the Perl support in MySQL. msql-mysql-modules
A list about the Perl support for MySQL with msql-mysql-modules.
@item @email{msql-mysql-modules-digest-subscribe@@lists.mysql.com} msql-mysql-modules-digest
A digest version of the @code{msql-mysql-modules} list.
......@@ -2186,7 +2197,7 @@ list. Note that on this list you should only post a full, repeatable bug
report using the @code{mysqlbug} script. If you are running on Windows,
you should include a description of the operating system and the
MySQL version. Preferably, you should test the problem using
the latest stable or development version of MySQL before
the latest stable or development version of MySQL Server before
posting! Anyone should be able to repeat the bug by just using
``@code{mysql test < script}'' on the included test case or run the
shell or perl script that is included in the bug report. All bugs
......@@ -2209,7 +2220,7 @@ first time.
The most common errors are that people don't indicate the version number of
the MySQL distribution they are using, or don't indicate what
platform they have MySQL installed on (including the platform
platform they have the MySQL server installed on (including the platform
version number). This is highly relevant information, and in 99 cases out of
100 the bug report is useless without it! Very often we get questions like,
``Why doesn't this work for me?'' then we find that the feature
......@@ -2274,7 +2285,7 @@ Sometimes the amount of memory (real and virtual) is relevant. If in doubt,
include these values.
@item
If you are using a source distribution of MySQL, the name and
If you are using a source distribution of the MySQL software, the name and
version number of the compiler used is needed. If you have a binary
distribution, the distribution name is needed.
......@@ -2343,7 +2354,7 @@ archive to @uref{ftp://support.mysql.com/pub/mysql/secret/}. Then send a
short description of the problem to @email{bugs@@lists.mysql.com}.
@item
If you think that MySQL produces a strange result from a query,
If you think that the MySQL server produces a strange result from a query,
include not only the result, but also your opinion of what the result
should be, and an account describing the basis for your opinion.
......@@ -2402,17 +2413,17 @@ problem yourself.
@item
If you get a @code{parse error}, please check your syntax closely! If
you can't find something wrong with it, it's extremely likely that your
current version of MySQL doesn't support the query you are
current version of MySQL Server doesn't support the query you are
using. If you are using the current version and the manual at
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/doc/} doesn't cover the
syntax you are using, MySQL doesn't support your query. In this
syntax you are using, MySQL Server doesn't support your query. In this
case, your only options are to implement the syntax yourself or e-mail
@email{mysql-licensing@@mysql.com} and ask for an offer to implement it!
If the manual covers the syntax you are using, but you have an older version
of MySQL, you should check the MySQL change history to see
of MySQL Server, you should check the MySQL change history to see
when the syntax was implemented. In this case, you have the option of
upgrading to a newer version of MySQL. @xref{News}.
upgrading to a newer version of MySQL Server. @xref{News}.
@item
If you have a problem such that your data appears corrupt or you get
......@@ -2431,11 +2442,11 @@ it's much easier for us to provide you with a fix for the problem.
@xref{What is crashing}.
@item
If possible, download and install the most recent version of MySQL
If possible, download and install the most recent version of MySQL Server
and check whether or not it solves your problem. All versions of
MySQL are thoroughly tested and should work without problems. We
believe in making everything as backward compatible as possible, and you
should be able to switch MySQL versions without any hassle.
the MySQL software are thoroughly tested and should work without problems.
We believe in making everything as backward compatible as possible,
and you should be able to switch MySQL versions without any hassle.
@xref{Which version}.
@end itemize
......@@ -2488,34 +2499,34 @@ Many users don't read mail with a browser!
@cindex ANSI SQL92, extensions to
This section describes how MySQL relates to the ANSI SQL standards.
MySQL has many extensions to the ANSI SQL standards, and here you
MySQL Server has many extensions to the ANSI SQL standards, and here you
will find out what they are, and how to use them. You will also find
information about functionality missing from MySQL, and how to work
information about functionality missing from MySQL Server, and how to work
around some differences.
Our goal is to not, without a very good reason, restrict MySQL usability
Our goal is to not, without a very good reason, restrict MySQL Server usability
for any usage. Even if we don't have the resources to do development
for every possible use, we are always willing to help and offer
suggestions to people that is trying to use MySQL in new territories.
suggestions to people that is trying to use MySQL Server in new territories.
One of our main goals with the product is to continue to work towards
ANSI 99 compliancy, but without sacrificing speed or reliability.
We are not afraid to add extensions to SQL or support for non-SQL
features if this greatly increase the usability of MySQL for a big
part of our users. (The new @code{HANDLER} interface in MySQL 4.0
features if this greatly increase the usability of MySQL Server for a big
part of our users. (The new @code{HANDLER} interface in MySQL Server 4.0
is an example of this strategy. @xref{HANDLER}.)
We will continue to support transactional and not transactional
databases to satisfy both heavy web/logging usage and mission critical
24/7 usage.
MySQL was designed from the start to work with medium large databases
MySQL Server was designed from the start to work with medium large databases
(10-100 million rows / about 100 MB per table) on small computer
systems. We will continue to extend MySQL to both work even better
systems. We will continue to extend MySQL Server to both work even better
with terabyte size databases, but we are also doing work to make it possible
to compile a reduced MySQL version that is more suitable for hand held
devices and embedded usage. The compact design of MySQL makes both of
these directions possible without any conflicts in the source tree.
devices and embedded usage. The compact design of the MySQL server makes both
of these directions possible without any conflicts in the source tree.
We are currently not targeting real time support or clustered databases
(even if you can already do a lot of things with our replication
......@@ -2554,7 +2565,7 @@ but without concessions to speed and quality of the code.
@cindex ANSI mode, running
If you start @code{mysqld} with the @code{--ansi} option, the following
behavior of MySQL changes:
behavior of MySQL Server changes:
@itemize @bullet
@item
......@@ -2565,7 +2576,7 @@ You can have any number of spaces between a function name and the @samp{(}.
This forces all function names to be treated as reserved words.
@item
@samp{"} will be an identifier quote character (like the MySQL
@samp{"} will be an identifier quote character (like the MySQL Server
@samp{`} quote character) and not a string quote character.
@item
......@@ -2586,11 +2597,11 @@ IGNORE_SPACE,SERIALIZE,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY}.
@subsection MySQL Extensions to ANSI SQL92
@cindex hints
MySQL includes some extensions that you probably will not find in
MySQL Server includes some extensions that you probably will not find in
other SQL databases. Be warned that if you use them, your code will not be
portable to other SQL servers. In some cases, you can write code that
includes MySQL extensions, but is still portable, by using comments
of the form @code{/*! ... */}. In this case, MySQL will parse and
of the form @code{/*! ... */}. In this case, MySQL Server will parse and
execute the code within the comment as it would any other MySQL
statement, but other SQL servers will ignore the extensions. For example:
......@@ -2607,7 +2618,7 @@ CREATE /*!32302 TEMPORARY */ TABLE (a int);
@end example
The above means that if you have Version 3.23.02 or newer, then MySQL
will use the @code{TEMPORARY} keyword.
Server will use the @code{TEMPORARY} keyword.
MySQL extensions are listed below:
......@@ -2629,7 +2640,7 @@ comparisons to be done according to the ASCII order used on the
MySQL server host.
@item
MySQL maps each database to a directory under the MySQL
MySQL Server maps each database to a directory under the MySQL
data directory, and tables within a database to filenames in the database
directory.
......@@ -2643,7 +2654,7 @@ This has a few implications:
@itemize @minus
@item
Database names and table names are case sensitive in MySQL on
Database names and table names are case sensitive in MySQL Server on
operating systems that have case-sensitive filenames (like most Unix
systems). @xref{Name case sensitivity}.
......@@ -2661,7 +2672,7 @@ and @file{.frm} files to which the table corresponds.
In SQL statements, you can access tables from different databases
with the @code{db_name.tbl_name} syntax. Some SQL servers provide
the same functionality but call this @code{User space}.
MySQL doesn't support tablespaces as in:
MySQL Server doesn't support tablespaces as in:
@code{create table ralph.my_table...IN my_tablespace}.
@item
......@@ -2751,18 +2762,18 @@ One can specify @code{ASC} and @code{DESC} with @code{GROUP BY}.
@item
To make it easier for users who come from other SQL environments,
MySQL supports aliases for many functions. For example, all
MySQL Server supports aliases for many functions. For example, all
string functions support both ANSI SQL syntax and ODBC syntax.
@item
MySQL understands the @code{||} and @code{&&} operators to mean
logical OR and AND, as in the C programming language. In MySQL,
MySQL Server understands the @code{||} and @code{&&} operators to mean
logical OR and AND, as in the C programming language. In MySQL Server,
@code{||} and @code{OR} are synonyms, as are @code{&&} and @code{AND}.
Because of this nice syntax, MySQL doesn't support
Because of this nice syntax, MySQL Server doesn't support
the ANSI SQL @code{||} operator for string concatenation; use
@code{CONCAT()} instead. Because @code{CONCAT()} takes any number
of arguments, it's easy to convert use of the @code{||} operator to
MySQL.
MySQL Server.
@item
@code{CREATE DATABASE} or @code{DROP DATABASE}.
......@@ -2795,7 +2806,7 @@ operators.
@item
@code{CONCAT()} or @code{CHAR()} with one argument or more than two
arguments. (In MySQL, these functions can take any number of
arguments. (In MySQL Server, these functions can take any number of
arguments.)
@item The @code{BIT_COUNT()}, @code{CASE}, @code{ELT()},
......@@ -2832,8 +2843,8 @@ SELECT @@t1:=(@@t2:=1)+@@t3:=4,@@t1,@@t2,@@t3;
@node Differences from ANSI, Bugs, Extensions to ANSI, Compatibility
@subsection MySQL Differences Compared to ANSI SQL92
We try to make MySQL follow the ANSI SQL standard and the
ODBC SQL standard, but in some cases MySQL does things
We try to make MySQL Server follow the ANSI SQL standard and the
ODBC SQL standard, but in some cases MySQL Server does things
differently:
@itemize @bullet
......@@ -2867,7 +2878,7 @@ extra conditions in this case.
@end menu
For a prioritised list indicating when new extensions will be added to
MySQL, you should consult the online MySQL TODO list at
MySQL Server, you should consult the online MySQL TODO list at
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/documentation/manual.php?section=TODO}.
That is the latest version of the TODO list in this manual. @xref{TODO}.
......@@ -2877,9 +2888,9 @@ That is the latest version of the TODO list in this manual. @xref{TODO}.
@cindex sub-selects
MySQL currently only supports nested queries of the form @code{INSERT
... SELECT ...} and @code{REPLACE ... SELECT ...}. You can however use
the function @code{IN()} in other contexts.
MySQL Server currently only supports nested queries of the form
@code{INSERT ... SELECT ...} and @code{REPLACE ... SELECT ...}.
You can however use the function @code{IN()} in other contexts.
Sub-selects are scheduled for implementation in Version 4.x.
Meanwhile, you can often rewrite the query without a sub-select:
......@@ -2913,7 +2924,7 @@ to hold the subquery. In some cases, however this option will not
work. The most frequently encountered of these cases arises with
@code{DELETE} statements, for which standard SQL does not support joins
(except in sub-selects). For this situation there are two options
available until subqueries are supported by MySQL.
available until subqueries are supported by MySQL Server.
The first option is to use a procedural programming language (such as
Perl or PHP) to submit a @code{SELECT} query to obtain the primary keys
......@@ -2940,9 +2951,9 @@ second instance of the interpreter:
shell> mysql --skip-column-names mydb < myscript.sql | mysql mydb
@end example
MySQL 4.0 supports multi-table deletes that can be used to efficiently
delete rows based on information from one table or even from many tables
at the same time.
MySQL Server 4.0 supports multi-table deletes that can be used to
efficiently delete rows based on information from one table or even
from many tables at the same time.
@node ANSI diff SELECT INTO TABLE, ANSI diff Transactions, ANSI diff Sub-selects, Differences from ANSI
......@@ -2950,8 +2961,8 @@ at the same time.
@findex SELECT INTO TABLE
MySQL doesn't yet support the Oracle SQL extension:
@code{SELECT ... INTO TABLE ...}. MySQL supports instead the
MySQL Server doesn't yet support the Oracle SQL extension:
@code{SELECT ... INTO TABLE ...}. MySQL Server supports instead the
ANSI SQL syntax @code{INSERT INTO ... SELECT ...}, which is basically
the same thing. @xref{INSERT SELECT}.
......@@ -2977,20 +2988,20 @@ TABLE ... SELECT}.
@cindex @code{BDB} tables
@cindex @code{ACID}
MySQL supports transactions with the @code{InnoDB} and @code{BDB}
MySQL Server supports transactions with the @code{InnoDB} and @code{BDB}
@code{Transactional table handlers}. @xref{Table types}.
@code{InnoDB} provides @code{ACID} compliancy.
However, the non-transactional table types in MySQL such as
However, the non-transactional table types in MySQL Server such as
@code{MyISAM} follow another paradigm for data integrity called
``@code{Atomic Operations}.'' Atomic operations often offer equal or
even better integrity with much better performance.
With MySQL supporting both paradigms, the user is able to decide if
With MySQL Server supporting both paradigms, the user is able to decide if
they need the speed of atomic operations or if they need to use
transactional features in their applications. This choice can be made
on a per-table basis.
How does one use the features of MySQL to maintain rigorous integrity
How does one use the features of MySQL Server to maintain rigorous integrity
and how do these features compare with the transactional paradigm?
@enumerate
......@@ -3003,7 +3014,7 @@ corrupting activities are not committed to the database; the server is
given the opportunity to do an automatic rollback and your database is
saved.
MySQL, in almost all cases, allows you to resolve potential problems
MySQL Server, in almost all cases, allows you to resolve potential problems
by including simple checks before updates and by running simple scripts
that check the databases for inconsistencies and automatically repair
or warn if such an inconsistency occurs. Note that just by using the
......@@ -3025,7 +3036,7 @@ time-lap is where they could lose data. No system is 100% secure, only
transactional databases, is reported to sometimes lose data in such
situations.
To be safe with MySQL, whether using transactional tables or not, you
To be safe with MySQL Server, whether using transactional tables or not, you
only need to have backups and have the update logging turned on. With
this you can recover from any situation that you could with any
other transactional database. It is, of course, always good to have
......@@ -3040,7 +3051,7 @@ familiar with transactions, do consider the speed benefit that
non-transactional tables can offer, on the order of three to five times
the speed of the fastest and most optimally tuned transactional tables.
In situations where integrity is of highest importance, MySQL offers
In situations where integrity is of highest importance, MySQL Server offers
transaction-level or better reliability and integrity even for
non-transactional tables.
If you lock tables with @code{LOCK TABLES}, all updates will stall
......@@ -3056,7 +3067,7 @@ for the insert to complete. @xref{INSERT DELAYED}.
means that you can be sure that while each specific update is running,
no other user can interfere with it, and there will never be an
automatic rollback (which can happen with transactional tables if you
are not very careful). MySQL also guarantees that there will not be
are not very careful). MySQL Server also guarantees that there will not be
any dirty reads.
Following are some techniques for working with non-transactional tables:
......@@ -3152,7 +3163,7 @@ UPDATE tbl_name SET row_flag=1 WHERE id=ID;
MySQL returns 1 for the number of affected rows if the row was
found and @code{row_flag} wasn't already 1 in the original row.
You can think of it as MySQL changed the above query to:
You can think of it as MySQL Server changed the above query to:
@example
UPDATE tbl_name SET row_flag=1 WHERE id=ID and row_flag <> 1;
......@@ -3181,7 +3192,7 @@ deletes the corresponding customer from a customer table when all his
transactions are deleted.
The planned update language will be able to handle stored procedures.
Our aim is to have stored procedures implemented in MySQL 4.1.
Our aim is to have stored procedures implemented in MySQL Server 4.1.
We are also looking at triggers.
......@@ -3202,8 +3213,8 @@ SELECT * from table1,table2 where table1.id = table2.id;
@xref{JOIN, , @code{JOIN}}. @xref{example-Foreign keys}.
In MySQL 3.23.44 and up, @code{InnoDB} tables supports checking of
foreign key constraints. @xref{InnoDB}. For other table types, MySQL
In MySQL Server 3.23.44 and up, @code{InnoDB} tables supports checking of
foreign key constraints. @xref{InnoDB}. For other table types, MySQL Server
does parse the @code{FOREIGN KEY} syntax in @code{CREATE TABLE}
commands, but without further action being taken.
......@@ -3214,13 +3225,13 @@ override. @code{FOREIGN KEY} is sometimes used as a constraint check,
but this check is unnecessary in practice if rows are inserted into the
tables in the right order.
In MySQL, you can work around the problem of @code{ON DELETE ...} not
In MySQL Server, you can work around the problem of @code{ON DELETE ...} not
being implemented by adding the appropriate @code{DELETE} statement to
an application when you delete records from a table that has a foreign
key. In practice this is as quick (in some cases quicker) and much more
portable than using foreign keys.
In MySQL 4.0 you can use multi-table delete to delete rows from many
In MySQL Server 4.0 you can use multi-table delete to delete rows from many
tables with one command. @xref{DELETE}.
In the near future we will extend the @code{FOREIGN KEY} implementation
......@@ -3276,20 +3287,20 @@ to backup or restore individual tables.
@cindex views
It is planned to implement views in MySQL around Version 4.1.
It is planned to implement views in MySQL Server around Version 4.1.
Views are mostly useful for letting users access a set of relations as one
table (in read-only mode). Many SQL databases don't allow one to update
any rows in a view, but you have to do the updates in the separate tables.
As MySQL is mostly used in applications and on web system where
As MySQL Server is mostly used in applications and on web system where
the application writer has full control on the database usage, most of
our users haven't regarded views to be very important.
(At least no one has been interested enough in this to be prepared to
finance the implementation of views).
One doesn't need views in MySQL to restrict access to columns
as MySQL has a very sophisticated privilege system.
One doesn't need views in MySQL Server to restrict access to columns
as MySQL Server has a very sophisticated privilege system.
@xref{Privilege system}.
......@@ -3300,11 +3311,11 @@ as MySQL has a very sophisticated privilege system.
@cindex starting, comments
Some other SQL databases use @samp{--} to start comments.
MySQL has @samp{#} as the start comment character. You can also use
the C comment style @code{/* this is a comment */} with MySQL.
MySQL Server has @samp{#} as the start comment character. You can also use
the C comment style @code{/* this is a comment */} with MySQL Server.
@xref{Comments}.
MySQL Version 3.23.3 and above supports the @samp{--} comment style,
MySQL Server Version 3.23.3 and above supports the @samp{--} comment style,
provided the comment is followed by a space. This is because this
comment style has caused many problems with automatically generated
SQL queries that have used something like the following code, where
......@@ -3319,7 +3330,7 @@ Think about what happens if the value of @code{payment} is negative?
Because @code{1--1} is legal in SQL, the consequences of allowing
comments to start with @samp{--} are terrible.
Using our implementation of this method of commenting in MySQL
Using our implementation of this method of commenting in MySQL Server
Version 3.23.3 and up, @code{1-- This is a comment} is actually safe.
Another safe feature is that the @code{mysql} command-line client
......@@ -3438,13 +3449,13 @@ precision, @code{IF}, and @code{ELT()} with @code{BIGINT} or @code{DOUBLE}
precision and the rest with @code{DOUBLE} precision. One should try to
avoid using bigger unsigned long long values than 63 bits
(9223372036854775807) for anything else than bit fields!
MySQL 4.0 has better @code{BIGINT} handling than 3.23.
MySQL Server 4.0 has better @code{BIGINT} handling than 3.23.
@item
All string columns, except @code{BLOB} and @code{TEXT} columns, automatically
have all trailing spaces removed when retrieved. For @code{CHAR} types this
is okay, and may be regarded as a feature according to ANSI SQL92. The bug is
that in MySQL, @code{VARCHAR} columns are treated the same way.
that in MySQL Server, @code{VARCHAR} columns are treated the same way.
@item
You can only have up to 255 @code{ENUM} and @code{SET} columns in one table.
......@@ -3507,7 +3518,7 @@ SELECT DISTINCT band_downloads.mp3id
ORDER BY band_downloads.id DESC;
@end example
In the second case you may in MySQL 3.23.x get two identical rows
In the second case you may in MySQL Server 3.23.x get two identical rows
in the result set (because the hidden 'id' column may differ).
Note that the this only happens for queries where you don't have the
......@@ -3515,38 +3526,38 @@ ORDER BY columns in the result, something that is you are not allowed
to do in ANSI SQL.
@item
Because MySQL allows you to work with table types that don't
Because MySQL Server allows you to work with table types that don't
support transactions, and thus can't @code{rollback} data, some things
behave a little differently in MySQL than in other SQL servers.
This is just to ensure that MySQL never need to do a rollback
behave a little differently in MySQL Server than in other SQL servers.
This is just to ensure that MySQL Server never need to do a rollback
for a SQL command. This may be a little awkward at times as column
values must be checked in the application, but this will actually give
you a nice speed increase as it allows MySQL to do some
you a nice speed increase as it allows MySQL Server to do some
optimisations that otherwise would be very hard to do.
If you set a column to an incorrect value, MySQL will, instead of
If you set a column to an incorrect value, MySQL Server will, instead of
doing a rollback, store the @code{best possible value} in the column:
@itemize @minus
@item
If you try to store a value outside the range in a numerical column,
MySQL will instead store the smallest or biggest possible value in
MySQL Server will instead store the smallest or biggest possible value in
the column.
@item
If you try to store a string that doesn't start with a number into a
numerical column, MySQL will store 0 into it.
numerical column, MySQL Server will store 0 into it.
@item
If you try to store @code{NULL} into a column that doesn't take
@code{NULL} values, MySQL will store 0 or @code{''} (empty
@code{NULL} values, MySQL Server will store 0 or @code{''} (empty
string) in it instead. (This behavior can, however, be changed with the
-DDONT_USE_DEFAULT_FIELDS compile option).
@item
MySQL allows you to store some wrong date values into
@code{DATE} and @code{DATETIME} columns. (Like 2000-02-31 or 2000-02-00).
If the date is totally wrong, MySQL will store the special
If the date is totally wrong, MySQL Server will store the special
0000-00-00 date value in the column.
@item
......@@ -3568,7 +3579,7 @@ Creation of a table of type @code{MERGE} doesn't check if the underlying
tables are of compatible types.
@item
MySQL can't yet handle @code{NaN}, @code{-Inf} and @code{Inf}
MySQL Server can't yet handle @code{NaN}, @code{-Inf} and @code{Inf}
values in double. Using these will cause problems when trying to export
and import data. We should as an intermediate solution change @code{NaN} to
@code{NULL} (if possible) and @code{-Inf} and @code{Inf} to the
......@@ -3608,7 +3619,7 @@ Delayed insert handler has pending inserts to a table.
@end itemize
@item
Before MySQL Version 3.23.2 an @code{UPDATE} that updated a key with
Before MySQL Server Version 3.23.2 an @code{UPDATE} that updated a key with
a @code{WHERE} on the same key may have failed because the key was used to
search for records and the same row may have been found multiple times:
......@@ -3622,14 +3633,14 @@ A workaround is to use:
mysql> UPDATE tbl_name SET KEY=KEY+1 WHERE KEY+0 > 100;
@end example
This will work because MySQL will not use index on expressions in
This will work because MySQL Server will not use index on expressions in
the @code{WHERE} clause.
@item
Before MySQL Version 3.23, all numeric types where treated as fixed-point
fields. That means you had to specify how many decimals a floating-point
field shall have. All results were returned with the correct number of
decimals.
Before MySQL Server Version 3.23, all numeric types where treated as
fixed-point fields. That means you had to specify how many decimals
a floating-point field shall have. All results were returned with the
correct number of decimals.
@end itemize
For platform-specific bugs, see the sections about compiling and porting.
......@@ -3647,7 +3658,7 @@ For platform-specific bugs, see the sections about compiling and porting.
* TODO unplanned:: Things we don't Have any Plans to do
@end menu
This appendix lists the features that we plan to implement in MySQL.
This appendix lists the features that we plan to implement in MySQL Server.
Everything in this list is approximately in the order it will be done. If you
want to affect the priority order, please register a license or support us and
......@@ -3661,16 +3672,16 @@ this without sacrifying the speed or compromise the code.
@node TODO MySQL 4.0, TODO future, TODO, TODO
@subsection Things That Should be in 4.0
We have now shifted development to MySQL Version 4.0. Most of the basic
We have now shifted development to MySQL Server 4.0. Most of the basic
things we want to have in 4.0 are already done. The target is to quickly
implement the rest of the following features and then shift development
to MySQL 4.1. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
to MySQL Server 4.1. @xref{MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell}.
The news section for 4.0 includes a list of the features we have already
implemented in the 4.0 tree. @xref{News-4.0.x}.
This section lists features not yet implemented in the current
version of MySQL 4.0, which will however be implemented in
version of MySQL Server 4.0, which will however be implemented in
later versions of MySQL 4.0. This being very volatile information,
please consider this list valid only if you are reading it from
the MySQL web site (@uref{http://www.mysql.com/}).
......@@ -3737,7 +3748,7 @@ corrupt the table.
@itemize @bullet
@item
Subqueries.
@code{select id from t where grp in (select grp from g where u > 100)}
@code{SELECT id FROM t WHERE grp IN (SELECT grp FROM g WHERE u > 100)}
@item
Atomic multi-table updates, eg @code{update items,month set
items.price=month.price where items.id=month.id;};
......@@ -3798,7 +3809,7 @@ options like database in use, time and date...
@item
Link the @code{myisampack} code into the server.
@item
Port of MySQL to BeOS.
Port of the MySQL code to BeOS.
@item
Port of the MySQL clients to LynxOS.
@item
......@@ -4119,10 +4130,11 @@ Nothing; We aim towards full ANSI 92 / ANSI 99 compliancy.
@cindex comparisons, MySQL vs. others
Our users have successfully run their own benchmarks against a number
of @code{Open Source} and traditional database servers. We are aware of
tests against @code{Oracle}, @code{DB/2}, @code{Microsoft SQL Server}
and other commercial products. Due to legal reasons we are restricted
from publishing some of those benchmarks in our reference manual.
of @code{Open Source} and traditional database servers.
We are aware of tests against @code{Oracle} server, @code{DB/2} server,
@code{Microsoft SQL Server} and other commercial products.
Due to legal reasons we are restricted from publishing some of those
benchmarks in our reference manual.
This section includes a comparison with @code{mSQL} for historical
reasons and with @code{PostgreSQL} as it is also an Open Source
......@@ -4171,9 +4183,9 @@ easy.)
Because these operations are so simple, it is hard to be better at
them when you have a higher startup overhead. After the connection
is established, MySQL should perform much better.
is established, MySQL Server should perform much better.
On the other hand, MySQL is much faster than @code{mSQL} (and
On the other hand, MySQL Server is much faster than @code{mSQL} (and
most other SQL implementations) on the following:
@itemize @bullet
......@@ -4181,11 +4193,11 @@ most other SQL implementations) on the following:
Complex @code{SELECT} operations.
@item
Retrieving large results (MySQL has a better, faster, and safer
Retrieving large results (MySQL Server has a better, faster, and safer
protocol).
@item
Tables with variable-length strings, because MySQL has more efficient
Tables with variable-length strings, because MySQL Server has more efficient
handling and can have indexes on @code{VARCHAR} columns.
@item
......@@ -4201,7 +4213,7 @@ Handling tables with large record lengths.
@code{SELECT} on large tables.
@item
Handling many connections at the same time. MySQL is fully
Handling many connections at the same time. MySQL Server is fully
multi-threaded. Each connection has its own thread, which means that
no thread has to wait for another (unless a thread is modifying
a table another thread wants to access). In @code{mSQL}, once one
......@@ -4214,7 +4226,7 @@ next can be served, while all the others wait again, etc.
Joins.
@code{mSQL} can become pathologically slow if you change the order of
tables in a @code{SELECT}. In the benchmark suite, a time more than
15000 times slower than MySQL was seen. This is due to @code{mSQL}'s
15000 times slower than MySQL Server was seen. This is due to @code{mSQL}'s
lack of a join optimiser to order tables in the optimal order.
However, if you put the tables in exactly the right order in
@code{mSQL}2 and the @code{WHERE} is simple and uses index columns,
......@@ -4236,7 +4248,7 @@ Using @code{TEXT} or @code{BLOB} columns.
@itemize @bullet
@item @code{GROUP BY} and @code{HAVING}.
@code{mSQL} does not support @code{GROUP BY} at all.
MySQL supports a full @code{GROUP BY} with both @code{HAVING} and
MySQL Server supports a full @code{GROUP BY} with both @code{HAVING} and
the following functions: @code{COUNT()}, @code{AVG()}, @code{MIN()},
@code{MAX()}, @code{SUM()}, and @code{STD()}. @code{COUNT(*)} is
optimised to return very quickly if the @code{SELECT} retrieves from
......@@ -4245,7 +4257,7 @@ one table, no other columns are retrieved, and there is no
arguments.
@item @code{INSERT} and @code{UPDATE} with calculations.
MySQL can do calculations in an @code{INSERT} or @code{UPDATE}.
MySQL Server can do calculations in an @code{INSERT} or @code{UPDATE}.
For example:
@example
......@@ -4253,21 +4265,21 @@ mysql> UPDATE SET x=x*10+y WHERE x<20;
@end example
@item Aliasing.
MySQL has column aliasing.
MySQL Server has column aliasing.
@item Qualifying column names.
In MySQL, if a column name is unique among the tables used in a
In MySQ ServerL, if a column name is unique among the tables used in a
query, you do not have to use the full qualifier.
@item @code{SELECT} with functions.
MySQL has many functions (too many to list here; see @ref{Functions}).
MySQL Server has many functions (too many to list here; see @ref{Functions}).
@end itemize
@item Disk Space Efficiency
That is, how small can you make your tables?
MySQL has very precise types, so you can create tables that take
MySQ ServerL has very precise types, so you can create tables that take
very little space. An example of a useful MySQL datatype is the
@code{MEDIUMINT} that is 3 bytes long. If you have 100,000,000
records, saving even one byte per record is very important.
......@@ -4276,24 +4288,24 @@ records, saving even one byte per record is very important.
more difficult to get small tables.
@item Stability
This is harder to judge objectively. For a discussion of MySQL
This is harder to judge objectively. For a discussion of MySQL Server
stability, see @ref{Stability}.
We have no experience with @code{mSQL} stability, so we cannot say
anything about that.
@item Price
Another important issue is the license. MySQL has a
Another important issue is the license. MySQL Server has a
more flexible license than @code{mSQL}, and is also less expensive
than @code{mSQL}. Whichever product you choose to use, remember to
at least consider paying for a license or e-mail support.
@item Perl Interfaces
MySQL has basically the same interfaces to Perl as @code{mSQL} with
MySQL Server has basically the same interfaces to Perl as @code{mSQL} with
some added features.
@item JDBC (Java)
MySQL currently has a lot of different JDBC drivers:
MySQL Server currently has a lot of different JDBC drivers:
@itemize @bullet
@item
......@@ -4325,7 +4337,7 @@ We know that @code{mSQL} has a JDBC driver, but we have too little
experience with it to compare.
@item Rate of Development
MySQL has a small core team of developers, but we are quite
MySQL Server has a small core team of developers, but we are quite
used to coding C and C++ very rapidly. Because threads, functions,
@code{GROUP BY}, and so on are still not implemented in @code{mSQL}, it
has a lot of catching up to do. To get some perspective on this, you
......@@ -4335,17 +4347,17 @@ compare it with the News section of the MySQL Reference Manual
most rapidly.
@item Utility Programs
Both @code{mSQL} and MySQL have many interesting third-party
Both @code{mSQL} and MySQL Server have many interesting third-party
tools. Because it is very easy to port upward (from @code{mSQL} to
MySQL), almost all the interesting applications that are available for
@code{mSQL} are also available for MySQL.
MySQL Server), almost all the interesting applications that are available for
@code{mSQL} are also available for MySQ ServerL.
MySQL comes with a simple @code{msql2mysql} program that fixes
differences in spelling between @code{mSQL} and MySQL for the
MySQL Server comes with a simple @code{msql2mysql} program that fixes
differences in spelling between @code{mSQL} and MySQL Server for the
most-used C API functions.
For example, it changes instances of @code{msqlConnect()} to
@code{mysql_connect()}. Converting a client program from @code{mSQL} to
MySQL usually requires only minor effort.
MySQL Server usually requires only minor effort.
@end table
@menu
......@@ -4371,7 +4383,7 @@ The conversion procedure is:
@enumerate
@item
Run the shell script @code{msql2mysql} on the source. This requires
the @code{replace} program, which is distributed with MySQL.
the @code{replace} program, which is distributed with MySQL Server.
@item
Compile.
......@@ -4384,7 +4396,7 @@ Differences between the @code{mSQL} C API and the MySQL C API are:
@itemize @bullet
@item
MySQL uses a @code{MYSQL} structure as a connection type (@code{mSQL}
MySQL Server uses a @code{MYSQL} structure as a connection type (@code{mSQL}
uses an @code{int}).
@item
......@@ -4400,11 +4412,11 @@ Just add the parameter to your old @code{msql_error()} code if you are
porting old code.
@item
MySQL returns an error number and a text error message for all
MySQL Server returns an error number and a text error message for all
errors. @code{mSQL} returns only a text error message.
@item
Some incompatibilities exist as a result of MySQL supporting
Some incompatibilities exist as a result of MySQL Server supporting
multiple connections to the server from the same process.
@end itemize
......@@ -4457,7 +4469,7 @@ If a connection is idle for 8 hours, the server closes the connection.
@strong{Column types}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Has the following additional types (among others;
@pxref{CREATE TABLE, , @code{CREATE TABLE}}):
@itemize @bullet
......@@ -4471,7 +4483,7 @@ Has the following additional types (among others;
@code{BIGINT} type for 64-bit integers.
@end itemize
@item
MySQL also supports
MySQL Server also supports
the following additional type attributes:
@itemize @bullet
@item
......@@ -4505,7 +4517,7 @@ And @code{LIKE} works.
@strong{Index Creation}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Indexes may be specified at table creation time with the @code{CREATE TABLE}
statement.
@item mSQL
......@@ -4517,7 +4529,7 @@ Indexes must be created after the table has been created, with separate
@strong{To Insert a Unique Identifier into a Table}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Use @code{AUTO_INCREMENT} as a column type
specifier.
@xref{mysql_insert_id, , @code{mysql_insert_id()}}.
......@@ -4529,7 +4541,7 @@ Create a @code{SEQUENCE} on a table and select the @code{_seq} column.
@strong{To Obtain a Unique Identifier for a Row}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Add a @code{PRIMARY KEY} or @code{UNIQUE} key to the table and use this.
New in Version 3.23.11: If the @code{PRIMARY} or @code{UNIQUE} key consists of only one
column and this is of type integer, one can also refer to it as
......@@ -4543,7 +4555,7 @@ depending on many factors.
@strong{To Get the Time a Column Was Last Modified}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Add a @code{TIMESTAMP} column to the table. This column is automatically set
to the current date and time for @code{INSERT} or @code{UPDATE} statements if
you don't give the column a value or if you give it a @code{NULL} value.
......@@ -4556,20 +4568,20 @@ Use the @code{_timestamp} column.
@strong{@code{NULL} Value Comparisons}
@table @code
@item MySQL
MySQL follows
@item MySQL Server
MySQL Server follows
ANSI SQL, and a comparison with @code{NULL} is always @code{NULL}.
@item mSQL
In @code{mSQL}, @code{NULL = NULL} is TRUE. You
must change @code{=NULL} to @code{IS NULL} and @code{<>NULL} to
@code{IS NOT NULL} when porting old code from @code{mSQL} to MySQL.
@code{IS NOT NULL} when porting old code from @code{mSQL} to MySQL Server.
@end table
@noindent
@strong{String Comparisons}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Normally, string comparisons are performed in case-independent fashion with
the sort order determined by the current character set (ISO-8859-1 Latin1 by
default). If you don't like this, declare your columns with the
......@@ -4584,7 +4596,7 @@ sorting in ASCII order.
@strong{Case-insensitive Searching}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
@code{LIKE} is a case-insensitive or case-sensitive operator, depending on
the columns involved. If possible, MySQL uses indexes if the
@code{LIKE} argument doesn't start with a wild-card character.
......@@ -4596,7 +4608,7 @@ Use @code{CLIKE}.
@strong{Handling of Trailing Spaces}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Strips all spaces at the end of @code{CHAR} and @code{VARCHAR}
columns. Use a @code{TEXT} column if this behavior is not desired.
@item mSQL
......@@ -4607,20 +4619,20 @@ Retains trailing space.
@strong{@code{WHERE} Clauses}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
MySQL correctly prioritises everything (@code{AND} is evaluated
before @code{OR}). To get @code{mSQL} behavior in MySQL, use
before @code{OR}). To get @code{mSQL} behavior in MySQL Server, use
parentheses (as shown in an example below).
@item mSQL
Evaluates everything from left to right. This means that some logical
calculations with more than three arguments cannot be expressed in any
way. It also means you must change some queries when you upgrade to
MySQL. You do this easily by adding parentheses. Suppose you
MySQL Server. You do this easily by adding parentheses. Suppose you
have the following @code{mSQL} query:
@example
mysql> SELECT * FROM table WHERE a=1 AND b=2 OR a=3 AND b=4;
@end example
To make MySQL evaluate this the way that @code{mSQL} would,
To make MySQL Server evaluate this the way that @code{mSQL} would,
you must add parentheses:
@example
mysql> SELECT * FROM table WHERE (a=1 AND (b=2 OR (a=3 AND (b=4))));
......@@ -4631,7 +4643,7 @@ mysql> SELECT * FROM table WHERE (a=1 AND (b=2 OR (a=3 AND (b=4))));
@strong{Access Control}
@table @code
@item MySQL
@item MySQL Server
Has tables to store grant (permission) options per user, host, and
database. @xref{Privileges}.
@item mSQL
......@@ -4651,17 +4663,17 @@ on making our respective database as good as possible, so we are both a
serious alternative to any commercial database.
The following comparison is made by us at MySQL AB. We have tried to be
as accurate and fair as possible, but because while we know MySQL througly
as accurate and fair as possible, but because while we know MySQL Server thorougly
we don't have a full knowledge of all PostgreSQL features, so we may have
got some things wrong. We will however correct these when they come to our
attention.
We would first like to note that PostgreSQL and MySQL are both widely used
We would first like to note that PostgreSQL and MySQL Server are both widely used
products, but with different design goals, even if we are both striving
towards ANSI SQL compliancy. This means that for some applications MySQL
towards ANSI SQL compliancy. This means that for some applications MySQL Server
is more suited, while for others PostgreSQL is more suited. When choosing
which database to use, you should first check if the database's feature set
satisfies your application. If you need raw speed, MySQL is probably your
satisfies your application. If you need raw speed, MySQL Server is probably your
best choice. If you need some of the extra features that only PostgreSQL
can offer, you should use @code{PostgreSQL}.
......@@ -4676,7 +4688,7 @@ can offer, you should use @code{PostgreSQL}.
@subsubsection MySQL and PostgreSQL development strategies
@cindex PostgreSQL vs. MySQL, strategies
When adding things to MySQL we take pride to do an optimal, definite
When adding things to MySQL Server we take pride to do an optimal, definite
solution. The code should be so good that we shouldn't have any need to
change it in the foreseeable future. We also do not like to sacrifice
speed for features but instead will do our utmost to find a solution
......@@ -4696,7 +4708,7 @@ it makes sense to prioritise adding a lot of new features, instead of
implementing them optimally, because one can always optimise things
later if there arises a need for this.
Another big difference between MySQL and PostgreSQL is that
Another big difference between MySQL Server and PostgreSQL is that
nearly all of the code in the MySQL server are coded by developers that
are employed by MySQL AB and are still working on the server code. The
exceptions are the transaction engines, and the regexp library.
......@@ -4728,23 +4740,23 @@ database. The above web page is however extremely useful when you want to
ensure that your applications works with many different databases or
when you want to convert your application from one database to another.
MySQL offers the following advantages over PostgreSQL:
MySQL Server offers the following advantages over PostgreSQL:
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{MySQL} is generally much faster than PostgreSQL.
@code{MySQL} Server is generally much faster than PostgreSQL.
@item
MySQL has a much larger user base than PostgreSQL, therefore the
code is more tested and has historically proven more stable than
PostgreSQL. MySQL is the much more used in production
PostgreSQL. MySQL Server is the much more used in production
environments than PostgreSQL, mostly thanks to that MySQL AB,
formerly TCX DataKonsult AB, has provided top quality commercial support
for MySQL from the day it was released, whereas until recently
for MySQL Server from the day it was released, whereas until recently
PostgreSQL was unsupported.
@item
MySQL works better on Windows than PostgreSQL does. MySQL runs as a
MySQL Server works better on Windows than PostgreSQL does. MySQL Server runs as a
native Windows application (a service on NT/Win2000/WinXP), while
PostgreSQL is run under the @code{Cygwin} emulation. We have heard
that PostgreSQL is not yet that stable on Windows but we haven't
......@@ -4755,8 +4767,8 @@ MySQL has more APIs to other languages and is supported by more
existing programs than PostgreSQL. @xref{Contrib}.
@item
MySQL works on 24/7 heavy duty systems. In most circumstances
you never have to run any cleanups on MySQL. PostgreSQL doesn't
MySQL Server works on 24/7 heavy duty systems. In most circumstances
you never have to run any cleanups on MySQL Server. PostgreSQL doesn't
yet support 24/7 systems because you have to run @code{VACUUM()}
once in a while to reclaim space from @code{UPDATE} and @code{DELETE}
commands and to perform statistics analyses that are critical to get
......@@ -4782,31 +4794,31 @@ Included in the MySQL distribution are two different testing suites,
(@uref{http://www.mysql.com/information/crash-me.php}), as well
as a benchmark suite. The test system is actively updated with code to
test each new feature and almost all reproduceable bugs that have come to
our attention. We test MySQL with these on a lot of platforms before
our attention. We test MySQL Server with these on a lot of platforms before
every release. These tests are more sophisticated than anything we have
seen from PostgreSQL, and they ensures that the MySQL is kept to a high
seen from PostgreSQL, and they ensures that the MySQL Server is kept to a high
standard.
@item
There are far more books in print about MySQL than about PostgreSQL.
There are far more books in print about MySQL Server than about PostgreSQL.
O'Reilly, SAMS, Que, and New Riders are all major publishers with books
about MySQL. All MySQL features are also documented in the MySQL on-line
manual, because when a new feature is implemented, the MySQL developers
are required to document it before it's included in the source.
@item
MySQL supports more of the standard ODBC functions than @code{PostgreSQL}.
MySQL Server supports more of the standard ODBC functions than @code{PostgreSQL}.
@item
MySQL has a much more sophisticated @code{ALTER TABLE}.
MySQL Server has a much more sophisticated @code{ALTER TABLE}.
@item
MySQL has support for tables without transactions for applications that
MySQL Server has support for tables without transactions for applications that
need all speed they can get. The tables may be memory based, @code{HEAP}
tables or disk based @code{MyISAM}. @xref{Table types}.
@item
MySQL has support for two different table handlers that support
MySQL Server has support for two different table handlers that support
transactions, @code{InnoDB} and @code{BerkeleyDB}. Because every
transaction engine performs differently under different conditions, this
gives the application writer more options to find an optimal solution for
......@@ -4825,33 +4837,33 @@ reads. This is very useful when you are archiving things.
@xref{myisampack}.
@item
MySQL has internal support for fulltext search. @xref{Fulltext Search}.
MySQL Server has internal support for fulltext search. @xref{Fulltext Search}.
@item
You can access many databases from the same connection (depending of course
on your privileges).
@item
MySQL is coded from the start to be multi-threaded while PostgreSQL uses
MySQL Server is coded from the start to be multi-threaded while PostgreSQL uses
processes. Context switching and access to common storage areas is much
faster between threads than between separate processes, this gives MySQL
faster between threads than between separate processes, this gives MySQL Server
a big speed advantage in multi-user applications and also makes it easier
for MySQL to take full advantage of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) systems.
for MySQL Server to take full advantage of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) systems.
@item
MySQL has a much more sophisticated privilege system than PostgreSQL.
MySQL Server has a much more sophisticated privilege system than PostgreSQL.
While PostgreSQL only supports @code{INSERT}, @code{SELECT}, and
@code{UPDATE/DELETE} grants per user on a database or a table, MySQL allows
@code{UPDATE/DELETE} grants per user on a database or a table, MySQL Server allows
you to define a full set of different privileges on database, table and
column level. MySQL also allows you to specify the privilege on host and
column level. MySQL Server also allows you to specify the privilege on host and
user combinations. @xref{GRANT}.
@item
MySQL supports a compressed client/server protocol which improves
MySQL Server supports a compressed client/server protocol which improves
performance over slow links.
@item
MySQL employs a ``table handler'' concept, and is the only relational
MySQL Server employs a ``table handler'' concept, and is the only relational
database we know of built around this concept. This allows different
low-level table types to be called from the SQL engine, and each table
type can be optimised for different performance characteristics.
......@@ -4868,19 +4880,19 @@ of a data file happens, usually from a hardware failure. It allows a
majority of the data to be recovered.
@item
Upgrading MySQL is painless. When you are upgrading MySQL, you don't need
Upgrading MySQL Server is painless. When you are upgrading MySQL Server, you don't need
to dump/restore your data, as you have to do with most PostgreSQL upgrades.
@end itemize
Drawbacks with MySQL compared to PostgreSQL:
Drawbacks with MySQL Server compared to PostgreSQL:
@itemize @bullet
@item
The transaction support in MySQL is not yet as well tested as PostgreSQL's
The transaction support in MySQL Server is not yet as well tested as PostgreSQL's
system.
@item
Because MySQL uses threads, which are not yet flawless on many OSes, one
Because MySQL Server uses threads, which are not yet flawless on many OSes, one
must either use binaries from @uref{http://www.mysql.com/downloads/}, or
carefully follow our instructions on
@uref{http://www.mysql.com/doc/I/n/Installing_source.html} to get an
......@@ -4896,22 +4908,22 @@ application. If not, one can always switch the trouble table to use one
of the transactional table types. @xref{Table locking}.
@item
With UDF (user defined functions) one can extend MySQL with both normal
With UDF (user defined functions) one can extend MySQL Server with both normal
SQL functions and aggregates, but this is not yet as easy or as flexible
as in PostgreSQL. @xref{Adding functions}.
@item
Updates that run over multiple tables is harder to do in MySQL.
This will, however, be fixed in MySQL 4.0 with multi-table @code{UPDATE}
and in MySQL 4.1 with subselects.
In MySQL 4.0 one can use multi-table deletes to delete from many tables
Updates that run over multiple tables is harder to do in MySQL Server.
This will, however, be fixed in MySQL Server 4.0 with multi-table @code{UPDATE}
and in MySQL Server 4.1 with subselects.
In MySQL Server 4.0 one can use multi-table deletes to delete from many tables
at the same time. @xref{DELETE}.
@end itemize
PostgreSQL currently offers the following advantages over MySQL:
PostgreSQL currently offers the following advantages over MySQL Server:
Note that because we know the MySQL road map, we have included in the
following table the version when MySQL should support this feature.
following table the version when MySQL Server should support this feature.
Unfortunately we couldn't do this for previous comparison, because we
don't know the PostgreSQL roadmap.
......@@ -4941,7 +4953,7 @@ Standard usage in PostgreSQL is closer to ANSI SQL in some cases.
One can speed up PostgreSQL by coding things as stored procedures.
@item
For geographical data, R-TREES makes PostgreSQL better than MySQL.
For geographical data, R-TREES makes PostgreSQL better than MySQL Server.
@item
The PostgreSQL optimiser can do some optimisation that the current MySQL
......@@ -4956,7 +4968,7 @@ databases.
PostgreSQL has a bigger team of developers that contribute to the server.
@end itemize
Drawbacks with PostgreSQL compared to MySQL:
Drawbacks with PostgreSQL compared to MySQL Server:
@itemize @bullet
@item
......@@ -4979,7 +4991,7 @@ in this section.
@cindex PostgreSQL vs. MySQL, benchmarks
The only open source benchmark that we know of that can be used to
benchmark MySQL and PostgreSQL (and other databases) is our own. It can
benchmark MySQL Server and PostgreSQL (and other databases) is our own. It can
be found at @uref{http://www.mysql.com/information/benchmarks.html}.
We have many times asked the PostgreSQL developers and some PostgreSQL
......@@ -5023,12 +5035,12 @@ database is very good at and not testing anything that the database is
not good at. If one, after doing this, summarises the result with as
a single figure, things are even easier.
This would be like us measuring the speed of MySQL compared to PostgreSQL
This would be like us measuring the speed of MySQL Server compared to PostgreSQL
by looking at the summary time of the MySQL benchmarks on our web page.
Based on this MySQL would be more than 40 times faster than PostgreSQL,
Based on this MySQL Server would be more than 40 times faster than PostgreSQL,
something that is of course not true. We could make things even worse
by just taking the test where PostgreSQL performs worst and claim that
MySQL is more than 2000 times faster than PostgreSQL.
MySQL Server is more than 2000 times faster than PostgreSQL.
The case is that MySQL does a lot of optimisations that PostgreSQL
doesn't do. This is of course also true the other way around. An SQL
......@@ -5043,7 +5055,7 @@ give you a notion about things to avoid and what you may have to do in
other ways.
We know of two benchmark tests that claims that PostgreSQL performs better
than MySQL. These both where multi-user tests, a test that we here at
than MySQL Server. These both where multi-user tests, a test that we here at
MySQL AB haven't had time to write and include in the benchmark suite,
mainly because it's a big task to do this in a manner that is fair against
all databases.
......@@ -5101,7 +5113,7 @@ database itself.
@item
When running the database against Oracle and MS-SQL (Great Bridge has
indirectly indicated that the databases they used in the test), they
indirectly indicated the databases they used in the test), they
didn't use the native protocol but instead ODBC. Anyone that has ever
used Oracle knows that all real application uses the native interface
instead of ODBC. Doing a test through ODBC and claiming that the results
......@@ -5123,7 +5135,7 @@ doing this.
@item
After the first test, we contacted Great Bridge and mentioned to them
some of the obvious mistakes they had done with MySQL:
some of the obvious mistakes they had done with MySQL Server:
@itemize @minus
@item
......@@ -5136,12 +5148,12 @@ Running on a Linux system that wasn't optimised for threads
Using an old MySQL version when there was a recommended newer one available
@item
Not starting MySQL with the right options for heavy multi-user use (the
default installation of MySQL is tuned for minimal resource use).
Not starting MySQL Server with the right options for heavy multi-user use (the
default installation of MySQL Server is tuned for minimal resource use).
@end itemize
Great Bridge did run a new test, with our optimised ODBC driver and with
better startup options for MySQL, but refused to either use our updated
better startup options for MySQL Server, but refused to either use our updated
glibc library or our standard binary (used by 80% of our users), which was
statically linked with a fixed glibc library.
......@@ -5161,9 +5173,9 @@ published a comparison on PHPbuilder
When we became aware of the comparison, we phoned Tim Perdue about this
because there were a lot of strange things in his results. For example,
he claimed that MySQL had a problem with five users in his tests, when we
he claimed that MySQL Server had a problem with five users in his tests, when we
know that there are users with similar machines as his that are using
MySQL with 2000 simultaneous connections doing 400 queries per second.
MySQL Server with 2000 simultaneous connections doing 400 queries per second.
(In this case the limit was the web bandwidth, not the database.)
It sounded like he was using a Linux kernel that either had some
......@@ -5185,10 +5197,10 @@ He has not done that yet.
Because of this we can't put any trust in this benchmark either :(
Over time things also changes and the above benchmarks are not that
relevant anymore. MySQL now have a couple of different table handlers
relevant anymore. MySQL Server now has a couple of different table handlers
with different speed/concurrency tradeoffs. @xref{Table types}. It
would be interesting to see how the above tests would run with the
different transactional table types in MySQL. PostgreSQL has of course
different transactional table types in MySQL Server. PostgreSQL has of course
also got new features since the test was made. As the above test are
not publicly available there is no way for us to know how the
database would preform in the same tests today.
......@@ -5197,7 +5209,8 @@ database would preform in the same tests today.
Conclusion:
The only benchmarks that exist today that anyone can download and run
against MySQL and PostgreSQL is the MySQL benchmarks. We here at MySQL
against MySQL Server and PostgreSQL is the MySQL benchmarks.
We here at MySQL AB
believe that open source databases should be tested with open source tools!
This is the only way to ensure that no one does tests that nobody can
reproduce and use this to claim that a database is better than another.
......@@ -5208,7 +5221,7 @@ The thing we find strange is that every test we have seen about
PostgreSQL, that is impossible to reproduce, claims that PostgreSQL is
better in most cases while our tests, which anyone can reproduce,
clearly shows otherwise. With this we don't want to say that PostgreSQL
isn't good at many things (it is!) or that it isn't faster than MySQL
isn't good at many things (it is!) or that it isn't faster than MySQL Server
under certain conditions. We would just like to see a fair test where
they are very good so that we could get some friendly competition going!
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