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Merge branch 'jl-reorganize-architecture-page-docs' into 'master' 

Significantly improve the architecture page

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!28392
parents a546ae24 4537db52
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doc/development/architecture.md
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......@@ -10,13 +10,147 @@ For information, see the [GitLab Release Process](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/
Both EE and CE require some add-on components called gitlab-shell and Gitaly. These components are available from the [gitlab-shell](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/tree/master) and [gitaly](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/tree/master) repositories respectively. New versions are usually tags but staying on the master branch will give you the latest stable version. New releases are generally around the same time as GitLab CE releases with exception for informal security updates deemed critical.
## GitLab Omnibus Component by Component
## Components
This document is designed to be consumed by systems adminstrators and GitLab Support Engineers who want to understand more about the internals of GitLab and how they work together.
A typical install of GitLab will be on GNU/Linux. It uses Nginx or Apache as a web front end to proxypass the Unicorn web server. By default, communication between Unicorn and the front end is via a Unix domain socket but forwarding requests via TCP is also supported. The web front end accesses `/home/git/gitlab/public` bypassing the Unicorn server to serve static pages, uploads (e.g. avatar images or attachments), and precompiled assets. GitLab serves web pages and a [GitLab API](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/doc/api) using the Unicorn web server. It uses Sidekiq as a job queue which, in turn, uses redis as a non-persistent database backend for job information, meta data, and incoming jobs.
We also support deploying GitLab on Kubernetes using our [gitlab Helm chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/).
The GitLab web app uses MySQL or PostgreSQL for persistent database information (e.g. users, permissions, issues, other meta data). GitLab stores the bare git repositories it serves in `/home/git/repositories` by default. It also keeps default branch and hook information with the bare repository.
When serving repositories over HTTP/HTTPS GitLab utilizes the GitLab API to resolve authorization and access as well as serving git objects.
The add-on component gitlab-shell serves repositories over SSH. It manages the SSH keys within `/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys` which should not be manually edited. gitlab-shell accesses the bare repositories through Gitaly to serve git objects and communicates with redis to submit jobs to Sidekiq for GitLab to process. gitlab-shell queries the GitLab API to determine authorization and access.
Gitaly executes git operations from gitlab-shell and the GitLab web app, and provides an API to the GitLab web app to get attributes from git (e.g. title, branches, tags, other meta data), and to get blobs (e.g. diffs, commits, files).
You may also be interested in the [production architecture of GitLab.com](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/).
### Component diagram
```mermaid
graph TB
HTTP[HTTP/HTTPS] -- TCP 80, 443 --> NGINX[NGINX]
SSH -- TCP 22 --> GitLabShell[GitLab Shell]
SMTP[SMTP Gateway]
Geo[GitLab Geo Node] -- TCP 22, 80, 443 --> NGINX
GitLabShell --TCP 8080 -->Unicorn["Unicorn (GitLab Rails)"]
GitLabShell --> Gitaly
GitLabShell --> Redis
Unicorn --> PgBouncer[PgBouncer]
Unicorn --> Redis
Unicorn --> Gitaly
Redis --> Sidekiq
Sidekiq["Sidekiq (GitLab Rails, ES Indexer)"] --> PgBouncer
GitLabWorkhorse[GitLab Workhorse] --> Unicorn
GitLabWorkhorse --> Redis
GitLabWorkhorse --> Gitaly
Gitaly --> Redis
NGINX --> GitLabWorkhorse
NGINX -- TCP 8090 --> GitLabPages[GitLab Pages]
NGINX --> Grafana[Grafana]
Grafana -- TCP 9090 --> Prometheus[Prometheus]
Prometheus -- TCP 80, 443 --> Unicorn
RedisExporter[Redis Exporter] --> Redis
Prometheus -- TCP 9121 --> RedisExporter
PostgreSQLExporter[PostgreSQL Exporter] --> PostgreSQL
PgBouncerExporter[PgBouncer Exporter] --> PgBouncer
Prometheus -- TCP 9187 --> PostgreSQLExporter
Prometheus -- TCP 9100 --> NodeExporter[Node Exporter]
Prometheus -- TCP 9168 --> GitLabMonito[GitLab Monitor]
Prometheus -- TCP 9127 --> PgBouncerExporter
GitLabMonitor --> PostgreSQL
GitLabMonitor --> GitLabShell
GitLabMonitor --> Sidekiq
PgBouncer --> Consul
PostgreSQL --> Consul
PgBouncer --> PostgreSQL
NGINX --> Registry
Unicorn --> Registry
NGINX --> Mattermost
Mattermost --- Unicorn
Prometheus --> Alertmanager
Migrations --> PostgreSQL
Runner -- TCP 443 --> NGINX
Unicorn -- TCP 9200 --> ElasticSearch
Sidekiq -- TCP 9200 --> ElasticSearch
Sidekiq -- TCP 80, 443 --> Sentry
Unicorn -- TCP 80, 443 --> Sentry
Sidekiq -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Unicorn -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Gitaly -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
GitLabShell -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
GitLabWorkhorse -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Alertmanager -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Sidekiq -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Unicorn -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Unicorn -- TCP 369 --> LDAP
Sidekiq -- TCP 369 --> LDAP
Unicorn -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage["Object Storage"]
Sidekiq -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
GitLabWorkhorse -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
Registry -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
Geo -- TCP 5432 --> PostgreSQL
```
### Component legend
* ✅ - Installed by default
* ⚙ - Requires additional configuration, or GitLab Managed Apps
* ⤓ - Manual installation required
* ❌ - Not supported or no instructions available
Component statuses are linked to configuration documentation for each component.
### Component list
| Component | Description | [Omnibus GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/README.html) | [GitLab chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/) | [Minikube Minimal](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/development/minikube/#deploying-gitlab-with-minimal-settings) | [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com) | CE/EE |
| --------- | ----------- |:--------------------:|:------------------:|:-----:|:--------:|:--------:|
| [NGINX](#nginx) | Routes requests to appropriate components, terminates SSL | [✅][nginx-omnibus] | [✅][nginx-charts] | [⚙][nginx-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [Unicorn (GitLab Rails)](#unicorn) | Handles requests for the web interface and API | [✅][unicorn-omnibus] | [✅][unicorn-charts] | [✅][unicorn-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#unicorn) | CE & EE |
| [Sidekiq](#sidekiq) | Background jobs processor | [✅][sidekiq-omnibus] | [✅][sidekiq-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/sidekiq/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#sidekiq) | CE & EE |
| [Gitaly](#gitaly) | Git RPC service for handling all git calls made by GitLab | [✅][gitaly-omnibus] | [✅][gitaly-charts] | [✅][gitaly-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab Workhorse](#gitlab-workhorse) | Smart reverse proxy, handles large HTTP requests | [✅][workhorse-omnibus] | [✅][workhorse-charts] | [✅][workhorse-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab Shell](#gitlab-shell) | Handles `git` over SSH sessions | [✅][shell-omnibus] | [✅][shell-charts] | [✅][shell-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab Pages](#gitlab-pages) | Hosts static websites | [⚙][pages-omnibus] | [❌][pages-charts] | [❌][pages-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#gitlab-pages) | CE & EE |
| [Registry](#registry) | Container registry, allows pushing and pulling of images | [⚙][registry-omnibus] | [✅][registry-charts] | [✅][registry-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/container_registry.html#build-and-push-images) | CE & EE |
| [Redis](#redis) | Caching service | [✅][redis-omnibus] | [✅][redis-omnibus] | [✅][redis-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [PostgreSQL](#postgresql) | Database | [✅][postgres-omnibus] | [✅][postgres-charts] | [✅][postgres-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#postgresql) | CE & EE |
| [PgBouncer](#pgbouncer) | Database connection pooling, failover | [⚙][pgbouncer-omnibus] | [❌][pgbouncer-charts] | [❌][pgbouncer-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#database-architecture) | EE Only |
| [Consul](#consul) | Database node discovery, failover | [⚙][consul-omnibus] | [❌][consul-charts] | [❌][consul-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#consul) | EE Only |
| [GitLab self-monitoring: Prometheus](#prometheus) | Time-series database, metrics collection, and query service | [✅][prometheus-omnibus] | [✅][prometheus-charts] | [⚙][prometheus-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#prometheus) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab self-monitoring: Alertmanager](#alertmanager) | Deduplicates, groups, and routes alerts from Prometheus | [✅][alertmanager-omnibus] | [✅][alertmanager-charts] | [⚙][alertmanager-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab self-monitoring: Grafana](#grafana) | Metrics dashboard | [⚙][grafana-omnibus] | [⤓][grafana-charts] | [⤓][grafana-charts] | [✅](https://dashboards.gitlab.com/d/RZmbBr7mk/gitlab-triage?refresh=30s) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab self-monitoring: Sentry](#sentry) | Track errors generated by the GitLab instance | [⤓][sentry-omnibus] | [❌][sentry-charts] | [❌][sentry-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/support/workflows/services/gitlab_com/500_errors.html#searching-sentry) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab self-monitoring: Jaeger](#jaeger) | View traces generated by the GitLab instance | [❌][jaeger-omnibus] | [❌][jaeger-charts] | [❌][jaeger-charts] | [❌](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/issues/4104) | CE & EE |
| [Redis Exporter](#redis-exporter) | Prometheus endpoint with Redis metrics | [✅][redis-exporter-omnibus] | [✅][redis-exporter-charts] | [✅][redis-exporter-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [Postgres Exporter](#postgres-exporter) | Prometheus endpoint with PostgreSQL metrics | [✅][postgres-exporter-omnibus] | [✅][postgres-exporter-charts] | [✅][postgres-exporter-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [PgBouncer Exporter](#pgbouncer-exporter) | Prometheus endpoint with PgBouncer metrics | [⚙][pgbouncer-exporter-omnibus] | [❌][pgbouncer-exporter-charts] | [❌][pgbouncer-exporter-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab Monitor](#gitlab-monitor) | Generates a variety of GitLab metrics | [✅][gitlab-monitor-omnibus] | [❌][gitab-monitor-charts] | [❌][gitab-monitor-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [Node Exporter](#node-exporter) | Prometheus endpoint with system metrics | [✅][node-exporter-omnibus] | [❌][node-exporter-charts] | [❌][node-exporter-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| [Mattermost](#mattermost) | Open-source Slack alternative | [⚙][mattermost-omnibus] | [⤓][mattermost-charts] | [⤓][mattermost-charts] | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/integrations/mattermost_slash_commands.html#manual-configuration), [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/integrations/mattermost.html) | CE & EE |
| [Minio](#minio) | Object storage service | [⤓][minio-omnibus] | [✅][minio-charts] | [✅][minio-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#storage-architecture) | CE & EE |
| [Runner](#gitlab-runner) | Executes GitLab CI jobs | [⤓][runner-omnibus] | [✅][runner-charts] | [⚙][runner-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#shared-runners) | CE & EE |
| [Database Migrations](#database-migrations) | Database migrations | [✅][database-migrations-omnibus] | [✅]() | [✅][database-migrations-charts] | [✅][database-migrations-charts] | CE & EE |
| [Certificate Management](#certificate-management) | TLS Settings, Let's Encrypt | [✅][certificate-management-omnibus] | [✅][certificate-management-charts] | [⚙][certificate-management-charts] | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#secrets-management) | CE & EE |
| [GitLab Geo Node](#gitlab-geo) | Geographically distributed GitLab nodes | [⚙][geo-omnibus] | [❌][geo-charts] | [❌][geo-charts] | ✅ | EE Only |
| [LDAP Authentication](#ldap-authentication) | Authenticate users against centralized LDAP directory | [⤓][ldap-omnibus] | [⤓][ldap-charts] | [⤓][ldap-charts] | [❌](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/#gitlab-com) | CE & EE |
| [Outbound email (SMTP)](#outbound-email) | Send email messages to users | [⤓][outbound-email-omnibus] | [⤓][outbound-email-charts] | [⤓][outbound-email-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#mail-configuration) | CE & EE |
| [Inbound email (SMTP)](#inbound-email) | Receive messages to update issues | [⤓][inbound-email-omnibus] | [⤓][inbound-email-charts] | [⤓][inbound-email-charts] | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#mail-configuration) | CE & EE |
| [ElasticSearch](#elasticsearch) | Improved search within GitLab | [⤓][elasticsearch-omnibus] | [⤓][elasticsearch-charts] | [⤓][elasticsearch-charts] | [❌](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/153) | EE Only |
| [Sentry integration](#sentry) | Error tracking for deployed apps | [⤓][sentry-integration] | [⤓][sentry-integration] | [⤓][sentry-integration] | [⤓][sentry-integration] | CE & EE |
| [Jaeger integration](#jaeger) | Distributed tracing for deployed apps | [⤓][jaeger-integration] | [⤓][jaeger-integration] | [⤓][jaeger-integration] | [⤓][jaeger-integration] | EE Only |
| [Kubernetes cluster apps](#kubernetes-cluster-apps) | Deploy [Helm](https://docs.helm.sh/), [Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/), [Cert-Manager](https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/), [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/), a [Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/), [JupyterHub](http://jupyter.org/), [Knative](https://cloud.google.com/knative) to a cluster | [⤓][managed-k8s-apps] | [⤓][managed-k8s-apps] | [⤓][managed-k8s-apps] | [⤓][managed-k8s-apps] | CE & EE |
### Component details
This document is designed to be consumed by systems administrators and GitLab Support Engineers who want to understand more about the internals of GitLab and how they work together.
When deployed, GitLab should be considered the amalgamation of the below processes. When troubleshooting or debugging, be as specific as possible as to which component you are referencing. That should increase clarity and reduce confusion.
### Layers
**Layers**
GitLab can be considered to have two layers from a process perspective:
......@@ -25,100 +159,197 @@ GitLab can be considered to have two layers from a process perspective:
- **Processors**: These processes are responsible for actually performing operations and presenting the service.
- **Data**: These services store/expose structured data for the GitLab service.
### GitLab Process Descriptions
#### Alertmanager
As of this writing, a fresh GitLab 11.3.0 install with default settings will show the following processes with `gitlab-ctl status`:
- [Project page](https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][alertmanager-omnibus], [Charts][alertmanager-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
```
run: alertmanager: (pid 30829) 14207s; run: log: (pid 13906) 2432044s
run: gitaly: (pid 30771) 14210s; run: log: (pid 13843) 2432046s
run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 30788) 14209s; run: log: (pid 13868) 2432045s
run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 30758) 14210s; run: log: (pid 13855) 2432046s
run: logrotate: (pid 30246) 3407s; run: log: (pid 13825) 2432047s
run: nginx: (pid 30849) 14207s; run: log: (pid 13856) 2432046s
run: node-exporter: (pid 30929) 14206s; run: log: (pid 13877) 2432045s
run: postgres-exporter: (pid 30935) 14206s; run: log: (pid 13931) 2432044s
run: postgresql: (pid 13133) 2432214s; run: log: (pid 13848) 2432046s
run: prometheus: (pid 30807) 14209s; run: log: (pid 13884) 2432045s
run: redis: (pid 30560) 14274s; run: log: (pid 13807) 2432047s
run: redis-exporter: (pid 30946) 14205s; run: log: (pid 13869) 2432045s
run: sidekiq: (pid 30953) 14205s; run: log: (pid 13810) 2432047s
run: unicorn: (pid 30960) 14204s; run: log: (pid 13809) 2432047s
```
[Alert manager](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/) is a tool provided by Prometheus that _"handles alerts sent by client applications such as the Prometheus server. It takes care of deduplicating, grouping, and routing them to the correct receiver integration such as email, PagerDuty, or OpsGenie. It also takes care of silencing and inhibition of alerts."_ You can read more in [issue gitlab-ce#45740](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/45740) about what we will be alerting on.
#### alertmanager
#### Certificate management
- Omnibus configuration options
- Layer: Monitoring
- Project page: [Omnibus](https://github.com/certbot/certbot/blob/master/README.rst), [Charts](https://github.com/jetstack/cert-manager/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][certificate-management-omnibus], [Charts][certificate-management-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
[Alert manager](https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/alertmanager/) is a tool provided by Prometheus that _"handles alerts sent by client applications such as the Prometheus server. It takes care of deduplicating, grouping, and routing them to the correct receiver integration such as email, PagerDuty, or OpsGenie. It also takes care of silencing and inhibition of alerts."_ You can read more in [issue gitlab-ce#45740](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/45740) about what we will be alerting on.
#### Consul
- [Project page](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][consul-omnibus], [Charts][consul-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
Consul is a tool for service discovery and configuration. Consul is distributed, highly available, and extremely scalable.
#### gitaly
#### Database migrations
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/tree/master/doc/configuration)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][registry-omnibus], [Charts][registry-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
#### Elasticsearch
- [Project page](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/blob/master/README.textile)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][elasticsearch-omnibus], [Charts][elasticsearch-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
Elasticsearch is a distributed RESTful search engine built for the cloud.
#### Gitaly
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][gitaly-omnibus], [Charts][gitaly-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
Gitaly is a service designed by GitLab to remove our need for NFS for Git storage in distributed deployments of GitLab (think GitLab.com or High Availability Deployments). As of 11.3.0, this service handles all Git level access in GitLab. You can read more about the project [in the project's readme](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly).
#### gitlab-monitor
#### Gitlab Geo
- Configuration: [Omnibus][geo-omnibus], [Charts][geo-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
- Omnibus configuration options
#### Gitlab Monitor
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-monitor)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][gitlab-monitor-omnibus], [Charts][gitlab-monitor-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
GitLab Monitor is a process designed in house that allows us to export metrics about GitLab application internals to Prometheus. You can read more [in the project's readme](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-monitor).
#### gitlab-workhorse
#### Gitlab Pages
- Omnibus configuration options
- Configuration: [Omnibus][pages-omnibus], [Charts][pages-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
GitLab Pages is a feature that allows you to publish static websites directly from a repository in GitLab.
You can use it either for personal or business websites, such as portfolios, documentation, manifestos, and business presentations. You can also attribute any license to your content.
#### Gitlab Runner
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][runner-omnibus], [Charts][runner-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
GitLab Runner runs tests and sends the results to GitLab.
GitLab CI is the open-source continuous integration service included with GitLab that coordinates the testing. The old name of this project was GitLab CI Multi Runner but please use "GitLab Runner" (without CI) from now on.
#### Gitlab Shell
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][shell-omnibus], [Charts][shell-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
[GitLab Shell](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell) is a program designed at GitLab to handle ssh-based `git` sessions, and modifies the list of authorized keys. GitLab Shell is not a Unix shell nor a replacement for Bash or Zsh.
#### Gitlab Workhorse
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-workhorse/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][gitlab-workhorse-omnibus], [Charts][gitlab-workhorse-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
[GitLab Workhorse](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-workhorse) is a program designed at GitLab to help alleviate pressure from Unicorn. You can read more about the [historical reasons for developing](https://about.gitlab.com/2016/04/12/a-brief-history-of-gitlab-workhorse/). It's designed to act as a smart reverse proxy to help speed up GitLab as a whole.
#### logrotate
#### Grafana
- [Project page](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][grafana-omnibus], [Charts][grafana-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
Grafana is an open source, feature rich metrics dashboard and graph editor for Graphite, Elasticsearch, OpenTSDB, Prometheus and InfluxDB.
#### Jaeger
- [Project page](https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][jaeger-omnibus], [Charts][jaeger-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
Jaeger, inspired by Dapper and OpenZipkin, is a distributed tracing system. It can be used for monitoring microservices-based distributed systems.
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/logs.html#logrotate)
#### Logrotate
- [Project page](https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/logs.html#logrotate)
- Layer: Core Service
GitLab is comprised of a large number of services that all log. We started bundling our own logrotate as of 7.4 to make sure we were logging responsibly. This is just a packaged version of the common open source offering.
#### nginx
#### Mattermost
- [Project page](https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][mattermost-omnibus], [Charts][mattermost-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
Mattermost is an open source, private cloud, Slack-alternative from https://mattermost.com.
#### MinIO
- [Project page](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][minio-omnibus], [Charts][minio-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
MinIO is an object storage server released under Apache License v2.0. It is compatible with Amazon S3 cloud storage service. It is best suited for storing unstructured data such as photos, videos, log files, backups and container / VM images. Size of an object can range from a few KBs to a maximum of 5TB.
#### NGINX
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html)
- Project page: [Omnibus](https://github.com/nginx/nginx), [Charts](https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][nginx-omnibus], [Charts][nginx-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
Nginx as an ingress port for all HTTP requests and routes them to the approriate sub-systems within GitLab. We are bundling an unmodified version of the popular open source webserver.
#### node-exporter
#### Node Exporter
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/node_exporter.html)
- [Project page](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][node-exporter-omnibus], [Charts][node-exporter-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
[Node Exporter](https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter) is a Prometheus tool that gives us metrics on the underlying machine (think CPU/Disk/Load). It's just a packaged version of the common open source offering from the Prometheus project.
#### postgres-exporter
#### PgBouncer
- [Project page](https://github.com/pgbouncer/pgbouncer/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][pgbouncer-omnibus], [Charts][pgbouncer-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/postgres_exporter.html)
Lightweight connection pooler for PostgreSQL.
#### PgBouncer Exporter
- [Project page](https://github.com/stanhu/pgbouncer_exporter/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][pgbouncer-exporter-omnibus], [Charts][pgbouncer-exporter-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
[Postgres-exporter](https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter) is the community provided Prometheus exporter that will deliver data about Postgres to Prometheus for use in Grafana Dashboards.
Prometheus exporter for PgBouncer. Exports metrics at 9127/metrics.
#### postgresql
#### Postgresql
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html)
- [Project page](https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/README)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][postgres-omnibus], [Charts][postgres-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
GitLab packages the popular Database to provide storage for Application meta data and user information.
#### prometheus
#### Postgres Exporter
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/)
- [Project page](https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][postgres-exporter-omnibus], [Charts][postgres-exporter-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
[Postgres-exporter](https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter) is the community provided Prometheus exporter that will deliver data about Postgres to Prometheus for use in Grafana Dashboards.
#### Prometheus
- [Project page](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][prometheus-omnibus], [Charts][prometheus-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
Prometheus is a time-series tool that helps GitLab administrators expose metrics about the individual processes used to provide GitLab the service.
#### redis
#### Redis
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/redis.html)
- [Project page](https://github.com/antirez/redis/blob/unstable/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][redis-omnibus], [Charts][redis-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Data)
Redis is packaged to provide a place to store:
......@@ -127,50 +358,75 @@ Redis is packaged to provide a place to store:
- temporary cache information
- background job queues
#### redis-exporter
#### Redis Exporter
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/redis_exporter.html)
- [Project page](https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][redis-exporter-omnibus], [Charts][redis-exporter-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
[Redis Exporter](https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter) is designed to give specific metrics about the Redis process to Prometheus so that we can graph these metrics in Grafana.
#### sidekiq
#### Registry
- [Project page](https://github.com/docker/distribution/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][registry-omnibus], [Charts][registry-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
The registry is what users use to store their own Docker images. The bundled
registry uses nginx as a load balancer and GitLab as an authentication manager.
Whenever a client requests to pull or push an image from the registry, it will
return a `401` response along with a header detailing where to get an
authentication token, in this case the GitLab instance. The client will then
request a pull or push auth token from GitLab and retry the original request
to the registry. Learn more about [token authentication](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/auth/token/).
An external registry can also be configured to use GitLab as an auth endpoint.
#### Sentry
- Omnibus configuration options
- [Project page](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/blob/master/README.rst)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][sentry-omnibus], [Charts][sentry-charts]
- Layer: Monitoring
Sentry fundamentally is a service that helps you monitor and fix crashes in realtime. The server is in Python, but it contains a full API for sending events from any language, in any application.
#### Sidekiq
- [Project page](https://github.com/mperham/sidekiq/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][sidekiq-omnibus], [Charts][sidekiq-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
Sidekiq is a Ruby background job processor that pulls jobs from the redis queue and processes them. Background jobs allow GitLab to provide a faster request/response cycle by moving work into the background.
#### unicorn
#### Unicorn
- [Omnibus configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/unicorn.html)
- [Project page](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/blob/master/README.md)
- Configuration: [Omnibus][unicorn-omnibus], [Charts][unicorn-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
[Unicorn](https://bogomips.org/unicorn/) is a Ruby application server that is used to run the core Rails Application that provides the user facing features in GitLab. Often process output you will see this as `bundle` or `config.ru` depending on the GitLab version.
#### Additional Processes
#### LDAP Authentication
The following processes will be running if corresponding feature is enabled.
- Configuration: [Omnibus][ldap-omnibus], [Charts][ldap-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
##### gitlab-pages
#### Outbound Email
TODO
- Configuration: [Omnibus][outbound-email-omnibus], [Charts][outbound-email-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
##### mattermost
#### Inbound Email
TODO
- Configuration: [Omnibus][inbound-email-omnibus], [Charts][inbound-email-charts]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
##### registry
#### Kubernetes Cluster Apps
The registry is what users use to store their own Docker images. The bundled
registry uses nginx as a load balancer and GitLab as an authentication manager.
Whenever a client requests to pull or push an image from the registry, it will
return a `401` response along with a header detailing where to get an
authentication token, in this case the GitLab instance. The client will then
request a pull or push auth token from GitLab and retry the original request
to the registry. Learn more about [token authentication](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/auth/token/).
- Configuration: [Omnibus][managed-k8s-apps], [Charts][managed-k8s-apps]
- Layer: Core Service (Processor)
An external registry can also be configured to use GitLab as an auth endpoint.
GitLab provides [GitLab Managed Apps](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications), a one-click install for various applications which can be added directly to your configured cluster. These applications are needed for Review Apps and deployments when using Auto DevOps. You can install them after you create a cluster.
## GitLab by Request Type
......@@ -210,140 +466,6 @@ The bare repositories are located in `/home/git/repositories`. GitLab is a ruby
To serve repositories over SSH there's an add-on application called gitlab-shell which is installed in `/home/git/gitlab-shell`.
### Components
#### Component Diagram
```mermaid
graph TB
HTTP[HTTP/HTTPS] -- TCP 80, 443 --> NGINX[NGINX]
SSH -- TCP 22 --> GitLabShell[GitLab Shell]
SMTP[SMTP Gateway]
Geo[GitLab Geo Node] -- TCP 22, 80, 443 --> NGINX
GitLabShell --TCP 8080 -->Unicorn["Unicorn (GitLab Rails)"]
GitLabShell --> Gitaly
GitLabShell --> Redis
Unicorn --> PgBouncer[PgBouncer]
Unicorn --> Redis
Unicorn --> Gitaly
Redis --> Sidekiq
Sidekiq["Sidekiq (GitLab Rails, ES Indexer)"] --> PgBouncer
GitLabWorkhorse[GitLab Workhorse] --> Unicorn
GitLabWorkhorse --> Redis
GitLabWorkhorse --> Gitaly
Gitaly --> Redis
NGINX --> GitLabWorkhorse
NGINX -- TCP 8090 --> GitLabPages[GitLab Pages]
NGINX --> Grafana[Grafana]
Grafana -- TCP 9090 --> Prometheus[Prometheus]
Prometheus -- TCP 80, 443 --> Unicorn
RedisExporter[Redis Exporter] --> Redis
Prometheus -- TCP 9121 --> RedisExporter
PostgreSQLExporter[PostgreSQL Exporter] --> PostgreSQL
PgBouncerExporter[PgBouncer Exporter] --> PgBouncer
Prometheus -- TCP 9187 --> PostgreSQLExporter
Prometheus -- TCP 9100 --> NodeExporter[Node Exporter]
Prometheus -- TCP 9168 --> GitLabMonito[GitLab Monitor]
Prometheus -- TCP 9127 --> PgBouncerExporter
GitLabMonitor --> PostgreSQL
GitLabMonitor --> GitLabShell
GitLabMonitor --> Sidekiq
PgBouncer --> Consul
PostgreSQL --> Consul
PgBouncer --> PostgreSQL
NGINX --> Registry
Unicorn --> Registry
NGINX --> Mattermost
Mattermost --- Unicorn
Prometheus --> Alertmanager
Migrations --> PostgreSQL
Runner -- TCP 443 --> NGINX
Unicorn -- TCP 9200 --> ElasticSearch
Sidekiq -- TCP 9200 --> ElasticSearch
Sidekiq -- TCP 80, 443 --> Sentry
Unicorn -- TCP 80, 443 --> Sentry
Sidekiq -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Unicorn -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Gitaly -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
GitLabShell -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
GitLabWorkhorse -- UDP 6831 --> Jaeger
Alertmanager -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Sidekiq -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Unicorn -- TCP 25 --> SMTP
Unicorn -- TCP 369 --> LDAP
Sidekiq -- TCP 369 --> LDAP
Unicorn -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage["Object Storage"]
Sidekiq -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
GitLabWorkhorse -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
Registry -- TCP 443 --> ObjectStorage
Geo -- TCP 5432 --> PostgreSQL
```
#### Component Legend
* ✅ - Automatically configured
* ⚙ - Requires additional configuration
* ⤓ - Additional software/service required
* ❌ - Not available
#### Component Table
| Component | Description | [Omnibus GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/README.html) | [GitLab chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/) | [Minikube Minimal](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/development/minikube/#deploying-gitlab-with-minimal-settings) | [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com) | CE/EE |
| --------- | ----------- |:--------------------:|:------------------:|:-----:|:--------:|:--------:|
| NGINX | Routes requests to appropriate components, terminates SSL | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/nginx/index.html) | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/nginx/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| Unicorn (GitLab Rails) | Handles requests for the web interface and API | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/unicorn.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#unicorn) | CE & EE |
| Sidekiq | Background jobs processor | [✅](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/sidekiq/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/sidekiq/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#sidekiq) | CE & EE |
| Gitaly | Git RPC service for handling all git calls made by GitLab | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/gitaly/) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitaly/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitaly/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| GitLab Workhorse | Smart reverse proxy, handles large HTTP requests | [✅](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| GitLab Shell | Handles `git` over SSH sessions | [✅](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitlab-shell/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitlab-shell/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| GitLab Pages | Hosts static websites | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/pages/) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/37) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/37) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#gitlab-pages) | CE & EE |
| Registry | Container registry, allows pushing and pulling of images | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/container_registry.html#container-registry-domain-configuration) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/registry/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/registry/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/container_registry.html#build-and-push-images) | CE & EE |
| Redis | Caching service | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/redis.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#service-architecture) | CE & EE |
| PostgreSQL | Database | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#postgresql) | CE & EE |
| PgBouncer | Database connection pooling, failover | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/high_availability/pgbouncer.html) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#database-architecture) | EE Only |
| Consul | Database node discovery, failover | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/high_availability/consul.html) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#consul) | EE Only |
| Prometheus | Time-series database, metrics collection, and query service | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus) | [⚙](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#prometheus) | CE & EE |
| Prometheus Alertmanager | Deduplicates, groups, and routes alerts from Prometheus | [✅](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| Grafana | Metrics dashboard | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/performance/grafana_configuration.html) | [⤓](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/grafana) | [⤓](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/grafana) | [✅](https://dashboards.gitlab.com/d/RZmbBr7mk/gitlab-triage?refresh=30s) | CE & EE |
| Redis Exporter | Prometheus endpoint with Redis metrics | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/redis_exporter.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| PostgreSQL Exporter | Prometheus endpoint with PostgreSQL metrics | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/postgres_exporter.html) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql) | [✅](https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| PgBouncer Exporter | Prometheus endpoint with PgBouncer metrics | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/pgbouncer_exporter.html) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [❌](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| GitLab Monitor | Generates a variety of GitLab metrics | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/gitlab_monitor_exporter.html) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/319) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/319) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/monitoring/) | CE & EE |
| Mattermost | Open-source Slack alternative | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/gitlab-mattermost/) | [⤓](https://docs.mattermost.com/install/install-mmte-helm-gitlab-helm.html) | [⤓](https://docs.mattermost.com/install/install-mmte-helm-gitlab-helm.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/integrations/mattermost_slash_commands.html#manual-configuration), [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/integrations/mattermost.html) | CE & EE |
| Minio | Object storage service | [⤓](https://min.io/download) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/minio/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/minio/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#storage-architecture) | CE & EE |
| Runner | Executes GitLab CI jobs | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/) | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#shared-runners) | CE & EE |
| DB Migrations | Database migrations | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#disabling-automatic-database-migration) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/migrations/index.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/migrations/index.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#database-architecture) | CE & EE |
| Certificate Management | TLS Settings, Let's Encrypt | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/tls.html) | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/tls.html) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/#secrets-management) | CE & EE |
| GitLab Geo Node | Geographically distributed GitLab nodes | [⚙](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/replication/index.html#setup-instructions) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/8) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/8) | ✅ | EE Only |
| LDAP Authentication | Authenticate users against centralized LDAP directory | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/auth/ldap.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/globals.html#ldap) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/globals.html#ldap) | [❌](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/#gitlab-com) | CE & EE |
| Outbound email (SMTP) | Send email messages to users | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/smtp.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#outgoing-email-configuration) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#outgoing-email-configuration) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#mail-configuration) | CE & EE |
| Inbound email (SMTP) | Receive messages to update issues | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/incoming_email.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#incoming-email-configuration) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#incoming-email-configuration) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/gitlab_com/#mail-configuration) | CE & EE |
| ElasticSearch | Improved search within GitLab | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/integration/elasticsearch.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/integration/elasticsearch.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/integration/elasticsearch.html) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/153) | EE Only |
| Sentry: GitLab instance | Track errors generated by the GitLab instance | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#error-reporting-and-logging-with-sentry) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1319) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1319) | [✅](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/support/workflows/services/gitlab_com/500_errors.html#searching-sentry) | CE & EE |
| Jaeger: GitLab instance | View traces generated by the GitLab instance | [❌](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/issues/4104) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1320) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1320) | [❌](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/issues/4104) | CE & EE |
| Sentry: deployed apps | Error tracking for deployed apps | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/error_tracking.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/error_tracking.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/error_tracking.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/error_tracking.html) | CE & EE |
| Jaeger: deployed apps | Distributed tracing for deployed apps | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/tracing.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/tracing.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/tracing.html) | [⤓](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/tracing.html) | EE Only |
| Kubernetes cluster apps | Deploy [Helm](https://docs.helm.sh/), [Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/), [Cert-Manager](https://docs.cert-manager.io/en/latest/), [Prometheus](https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/), a [Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/), [JupyterHub](http://jupyter.org/), [Knative](https://cloud.google.com/knative) to a cluster | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications) | [✅](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications) | CE & EE |
#### Component Overview
A typical install of GitLab will be on GNU/Linux. It uses Nginx or Apache as a web front end to proxypass the Unicorn web server. By default, communication between Unicorn and the front end is via a Unix domain socket but forwarding requests via TCP is also supported. The web front end accesses `/home/git/gitlab/public` bypassing the Unicorn server to serve static pages, uploads (e.g. avatar images or attachments), and precompiled assets. GitLab serves web pages and a [GitLab API](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/tree/master/doc/api) using the Unicorn web server. It uses Sidekiq as a job queue which, in turn, uses redis as a non-persistent database backend for job information, meta data, and incoming jobs.
We also support deploying GitLab on Kubernetes using our [gitlab Helm chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/).
The GitLab web app uses MySQL or PostgreSQL for persistent database information (e.g. users, permissions, issues, other meta data). GitLab stores the bare git repositories it serves in `/home/git/repositories` by default. It also keeps default branch and hook information with the bare repository.
When serving repositories over HTTP/HTTPS GitLab utilizes the GitLab API to resolve authorization and access as well as serving git objects.
The add-on component gitlab-shell serves repositories over SSH. It manages the SSH keys within `/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys` which should not be manually edited. gitlab-shell accesses the bare repositories through Gitaly to serve git objects and communicates with redis to submit jobs to Sidekiq for GitLab to process. gitlab-shell queries the GitLab API to determine authorization and access.
Gitaly executes git operations from gitlab-shell and the GitLab web app, and provides an API to the GitLab web app to get attributes from git (e.g. title, branches, tags, other meta data), and to get blobs (e.g. diffs, commits, files).
You may also be interested in the [production architecture of GitLab.com](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/).
### Installation Folder Summary
To summarize here's the [directory structure of the `git` user home directory](../install/structure.md).
......@@ -470,3 +592,71 @@ Note: It is recommended to log into the `git` user using `sudo -i -u git` or `su
## GitLab.com
We've also detailed [our architecture of GitLab.com](https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production-architecture/) but this is probably over the top unless you have millions of users.
[alertmanager-omnibus]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template
[alertmanager-charts]: https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus
[nginx-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html
[nginx-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/nginx/index.html
[unicorn-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/unicorn.html
[unicorn-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html
[sidekiq-omnibus]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template
[sidekiq-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/sidekiq/index.html
[gitaly-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/gitaly/
[gitaly-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitaly/index.html
[workhorse-omnibus]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template
[workhorse-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/unicorn/index.html
[shell-omnibus]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/files/gitlab-config-template/gitlab.rb.template
[shell-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitlab-shell/index.html
[pages-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/pages/
[pages-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/37
[registry-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/container_registry.html#container-registry-domain-configuration
[registry-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/registry/index.html
[redis-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/redis.html
[redis-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html
[postgres-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html
[postgres-charts]: https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql
[pgbouncer-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/high_availability/pgbouncer.html
[pgbouncer-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql
[consul-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/high_availability/consul.html
[consul-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql
[prometheus-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/
[prometheus-charts]: https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/prometheus
[grafana-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/performance/grafana_configuration.html
[grafana-charts]: https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/grafana
[sentry-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#error-reporting-and-logging-with-sentry
[sentry-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1319
[jaeger-omnibus]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/issues/4104
[jaeger-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1320
[redis-exporter-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/redis_exporter.html
[redis-exporter-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/redis/index.html
[postgres-exporter-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/postgres_exporter.html
[postgres-exporter-charts]: https://github.com/helm/charts/tree/master/stable/postgresql
[pgbouncer-exporter-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/pgbouncer_exporter.html
[pgbouncer-exporter-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/deployment.html#postgresql
[gitlab-monitor-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/gitlab_monitor_exporter.html
[gitab-monitor-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/319
[node-exporter-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/monitoring/prometheus/node_exporter.html
[node-exporter-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/1332
[mattermost-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/gitlab-mattermost/
[mattermost-charts]: https://docs.mattermost.com/install/install-mmte-helm-gitlab-helm.html
[minio-omnibus]: https://min.io/download
[minio-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/minio/index.html
[runner-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/
[runner-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/kubernetes.html
[database-migrations-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#disabling-automatic-database-migration
[database-migrations-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/migrations/index.html
[certificate-management-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html
[certificate-management-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/tls.html
[geo-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/replication/index.html#setup-instructions
[geo-charts]: https://gitlab.com/charts/gitlab/issues/8
[ldap-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/auth/ldap.html
[ldap-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/globals.html#ldap
[outbound-email-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/smtp.html
[outbound-email-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#outgoing-email-configuration
[inbound-email-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/incoming_email.html
[inbound-email-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/installation/command-line-options.html#incoming-email-configuration
[elasticsearch-omnibus]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/integration/elasticsearch.html
[elasticsearch-charts]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/integration/elasticsearch.html
[sentry-integration]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/error_tracking.html
[jaeger-integration]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/operations/tracing.html
[managed-k8s-apps]: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/#installing-applications
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