---
stage: Manage
group: Access
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---

# Two-factor authentication **(FREE)**

Two-factor authentication (2FA) provides an additional level of security to your
GitLab account. After being enabled, in addition to supplying your username and
password to sign in, you are prompted for a code generated by your one-time
password authenticator (for example, a password manager on one of your devices).

By enabling 2FA, the only way someone other than you can sign in to your account
is to know your username and password _and_ have access to your one-time
password secret.

## Overview

NOTE:
When you enable 2FA, don't forget to back up your [recovery codes](#recovery-codes)!

In addition to time-based one time passwords (TOTP), GitLab supports U2F
(universal 2nd factor) and WebAuthn (experimental) devices as the second factor
of authentication. After being enabled, in addition to supplying your username
and password to sign in, you're prompted to activate your U2F / WebAuthn device
(usually by pressing a button on it) which performs secure authentication on
your behalf.

It's highly recommended that you set up 2FA with both a [one-time password authenticator](#one-time-password)
or use [FortiAuthenticator](#one-time-password-via-fortiauthenticator) and a
[U2F device](#u2f-device) or a [WebAuthn device](#webauthn-device), so you can
still access your account if you lose your U2F / WebAuthn device.

## Enabling 2FA

> - Account email confirmation requirement [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/35102) in GitLab 14.3. [Deployed behind the `ensure_verified_primary_email_for_2fa` flag](../../../administration/feature_flags.md), enabled by default.
> - Account email confirmation requirement generally available and [feature flag `ensure_verified_primary_email_for_2fa` removed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/340151) in GitLab 14.4.

There are multiple ways to enable two-factor authentication (2FA):

- Using a one-time password authenticator.
- Using a U2F / WebAuthn device.

In GitLab 14.3 and later, your account email must be confirmed to enable two-factor authentication.

### One-time password

To enable 2FA:

1. **In GitLab:**
   1. Sign in to your GitLab account.
   1. Go to your [**User settings**](../index.md#access-your-user-settings).
   1. Go to **Account**.
   1. Select **Enable Two-factor Authentication**.
1. **On your device (usually your phone):**
   1. Install a compatible application, like:
      - [Authy](https://authy.com/)
      - [Duo Mobile](https://duo.com/product/multi-factor-authentication-mfa/duo-mobile-app)
      - [LastPass Authenticator](https://lastpass.com/auth/)
      - [Authenticator](https://mattrubin.me/authenticator/)
      - [andOTP](https://github.com/andOTP/andOTP)
      - [Google Authenticator](https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/1066447?hl=en)
      - [Microsoft Authenticator](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/mobile-authenticator-app)
      - [SailOTP](https://openrepos.net/content/seiichiro0185/sailotp)
   1. In the application, add a new entry in one of two ways:
      - Scan the code presented in GitLab with your device's camera to add the
        entry automatically.
      - Enter the details provided to add the entry manually.
1. **In GitLab:**
   1. Enter the six-digit pin number from the entry on your device into the **Pin
      code** field.
   1. Enter your current password.
   1. Select **Submit**.

If the pin you entered was correct, a message displays indicating that
two-factor authentication has been enabled, and you're shown a list
of [recovery codes](#recovery-codes). Be sure to download them and keep them
in a safe place.

### One-time password via FortiAuthenticator

> - Introduced in [GitLab 13.5](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/212312)
> - It's deployed behind a feature flag, disabled by default.
> - To use it in GitLab self-managed instances, ask a GitLab administrator to [enable it](#enable-fortiauthenticator-integration).

You can use FortiAuthenticator as an OTP provider in GitLab. Users must exist in
both FortiAuthenticator and GitLab with the exact same username, and users must
have FortiToken configured in FortiAuthenticator.

You need a username and access token for FortiAuthenticator. The
`access_token` in the code samples shown below is the FortAuthenticator access
key. To get the token, see the `REST API Solution Guide` at
[`Fortinet Document Library`](https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiauthenticator/6.2.0/rest-api-solution-guide/158294/the-fortiauthenticator-api).
GitLab 13.5 has been tested with FortAuthenticator version 6.2.0.

First configure FortiAuthenticator in GitLab. On your GitLab server:

1. Open the configuration file.

   For Omnibus GitLab:

   ```shell
   sudo editor /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
   ```

   For installations from source:

   ```shell
   cd /home/git/gitlab
   sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml
   ```

1. Add the provider configuration:

   For Omnibus package:

   ```ruby
   gitlab_rails['forti_authenticator_enabled'] = true
   gitlab_rails['forti_authenticator_host'] = 'forti_authenticator.example.com'
   gitlab_rails['forti_authenticator_port'] = 443
   gitlab_rails['forti_authenticator_username'] = '<some_username>'
   gitlab_rails['forti_authenticator_access_token'] = 's3cr3t'
   ```

   For installations from source:

   ```yaml
   forti_authenticator:
     enabled: true
     host: forti_authenticator.example.com
     port: 443
     username: <some_username>
     access_token: s3cr3t
   ```

1. Save the configuration file.
1. [Reconfigure](../../../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)
   or [restart GitLab](../../../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source)
   for the changes to take effect if you installed GitLab via Omnibus or from
   source respectively.

#### Enable FortiAuthenticator integration

This feature comes with the `:forti_authenticator` feature flag disabled by
default.

To enable this feature, ask a GitLab administrator with [Rails console access](../../../administration/feature_flags.md#how-to-enable-and-disable-features-behind-flags)
to run the following command:

```ruby
Feature.enable(:forti_authenticator, User.find(<user ID>))
```

### One-time password via FortiToken Cloud

> - Introduced in [GitLab 13.7](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/212313).
> - It's deployed behind a feature flag, disabled by default.
> - It's disabled on GitLab.com.
> - It's not recommended for production use.
> - To use it in GitLab self-managed instances, ask a GitLab administrator to [enable it](#enable-or-disable-fortitoken-cloud-integration).

WARNING:
This feature might not be available to you. Check the **version history** note above for details.

You can use FortiToken Cloud as an OTP provider in GitLab. Users must exist in
both FortiToken Cloud and GitLab with the exact same username, and users must
have FortiToken configured in FortiToken Cloud.

You'll also need a `client_id` and `client_secret` to configure FortiToken Cloud.
To get these, see the `REST API Guide` at
[`Fortinet Document Library`](https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortitoken-cloud/latest/rest-api).

First configure FortiToken Cloud in GitLab. On your GitLab server:

1. Open the configuration file.

   For Omnibus GitLab:

   ```shell
   sudo editor /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
   ```

   For installations from source:

   ```shell
   cd /home/git/gitlab
   sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml
   ```

1. Add the provider configuration:

   For Omnibus package:

   ```ruby
   gitlab_rails['forti_token_cloud_enabled'] = true
   gitlab_rails['forti_token_cloud_client_id'] = '<your_fortinet_cloud_client_id>'
   gitlab_rails['forti_token_cloud_client_secret'] = '<your_fortinet_cloud_client_secret>'
   ```

   For installations from source:

   ```yaml
   forti_token_cloud:
     enabled: true
     client_id: YOUR_FORTI_TOKEN_CLOUD_CLIENT_ID
     client_secret: YOUR_FORTI_TOKEN_CLOUD_CLIENT_SECRET
   ```

1. Save the configuration file.
1. [Reconfigure](../../../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure)
   or [restart GitLab](../../../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source)
   for the changes to take effect if you installed GitLab via Omnibus or from
   source respectively.

#### Enable or disable FortiToken Cloud integration

FortiToken Cloud integration is under development and not ready for production use.
It is deployed behind a feature flag that is **disabled by default**.
[GitLab administrators with access to the GitLab Rails console](../../../administration/feature_flags.md)
can enable it.

To enable it:

```ruby
Feature.enable(:forti_token_cloud, User.find(<user ID>))
```

To disable it:

```ruby
Feature.disable(:forti_token_cloud, User.find(<user ID>))
```

### U2F device

GitLab officially only supports [YubiKey](https://www.yubico.com/products/)
U2F devices, but users have successfully used [SoloKeys](https://solokeys.com/)
or [Google Titan Security Key](https://cloud.google.com/titan-security-key).

NOTE:
2FA must be configured before U2F.

The U2F workflow is [supported by](https://caniuse.com/#search=U2F) the
following desktop browsers:

- Chrome
- Edge
- Firefox 67+
- Opera

NOTE:
For Firefox 47-66, you can enable the FIDO U2F API in
[`about:config`](https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/about-config-editor-firefox).
Search for `security.webauth.u2f` and double click on it to toggle to `true`.

To set up 2FA with a U2F device:

1. Sign in to your GitLab account.
1. Go to your [**User settings**](../index.md#access-your-user-settings).
1. Go to **Account**.
1. Click **Enable Two-Factor Authentication**.
1. Connect your U2F device.
1. Click on **Set up New U2F Device**.
1. A light begins blinking on your device. Activate it by pressing its button.

A message displays, indicating that your device was successfully set up.
Click on **Register U2F Device** to complete the process.

### WebAuthn device

> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/22506) in GitLab 13.4.
> - It's [deployed behind a feature flag](../../feature_flags.md), disabled by default.
> - It's disabled on GitLab.com.
> - It's not recommended for production use.
> - To use it in GitLab self-managed instances, ask a GitLab administrator to [enable it](#enable-or-disable-webauthn). **(FREE SELF)**

The WebAuthn workflow is [supported by](https://caniuse.com/#search=webauthn) the
following desktop browsers:

- Chrome
- Edge
- Firefox
- Opera
- Safari

and the following mobile browsers:

- Chrome for Android
- Firefox for Android
- iOS Safari (since iOS 13.3)

To set up 2FA with a WebAuthn compatible device:

1. Sign in to your GitLab account.
1. Go to your [**User settings**](../index.md#access-your-user-settings).
1. Go to **Account**.
1. Select **Enable Two-Factor Authentication**.
1. Plug in your WebAuthn device.
1. Select **Set up New WebAuthn Device**.
1. Depending on your device, you might need to press a button or touch a sensor.

A message displays, indicating that your device was successfully set up.
Recovery codes are not generated for WebAuthn devices.

## Recovery codes

NOTE:
Recovery codes are not generated for U2F / WebAuthn devices.

WARNING:
Each code can be used only once to sign in to your account.

Immediately after successfully enabling two-factor authentication, you're
prompted to download a set of generated recovery codes. Should you ever lose access
to your one-time password authenticator, you can use one of these recovery codes to sign in to
your account. We suggest copying and printing them, or downloading them using
the **Download codes** button for storage in a safe place. If you choose to
download them, the file is called `gitlab-recovery-codes.txt`.

The UI now includes **Copy codes** and **Print codes** buttons, for your convenience.
[Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/267730) in GitLab 13.7.

If you lose the recovery codes or just want to generate new ones, you can do so
from the [two-factor authentication account settings page](#regenerate-2fa-recovery-codes) or
[using SSH](#generate-new-recovery-codes-using-ssh).

## Signing in with 2FA Enabled

Signing in with 2FA enabled is only slightly different than the normal sign-in process.
Enter your username and password credentials as you normally would, and you're
presented with a second prompt, depending on which type of 2FA you've enabled.

### Sign in by using a one-time password

When asked, enter the pin from your one time password authenticator's application or a
recovery code to sign in.

### Sign in by using a U2F device

To sign in by using a U2F device:

1. Click **Login via U2F Device**.
1. A light begins blinking on your device. Activate it by touching/pressing
   its button.

A message displays, indicating that your device responded to the authentication
request, and you're automatically signed in.

### Sign in by using a WebAuthn device

In supported browsers you should be automatically prompted to activate your WebAuthn device
(e.g. by touching/pressing its button) after entering your credentials.

A message displays, indicating that your device responded to the authentication
request and you're automatically signed in.

## Disabling 2FA

If you ever need to disable 2FA:

1. Sign in to your GitLab account.
1. Go to your [**User settings**](../index.md#access-your-user-settings).
1. Go to **Account**.
1. Select **Manage two-factor authentication**.
1. Under **Two-Factor Authentication**, enter your current password and select **Disable**.

This clears all your two-factor authentication registrations, including mobile
applications and U2F / WebAuthn devices.

Support for disabling 2FA is limited, depending on your subscription level. For more information, see the
[Account Recovery](https://about.gitlab.com/support/#account-recovery) section of our website.

## Personal access tokens

When 2FA is enabled, you can no longer use your normal account password to
authenticate with Git over HTTPS on the command line or when using
the [GitLab API](../../../api/index.md). You must use a
[personal access token](../personal_access_tokens.md) instead.

## Recovery options

To disable two-factor authentication on your account (for example, if you
have lost your code generation device) you can:

- [Use a saved recovery code](#use-a-saved-recovery-code).
- [Generate new recovery codes using SSH](#generate-new-recovery-codes-using-ssh).
- [Regenerate 2FA recovery codes](#regenerate-2fa-recovery-codes).
- [Have 2FA disabled on your account](#have-2fa-disabled-on-your-account).

### Use a saved recovery code

Enabling two-factor authentication for your account generated several recovery
codes. If you saved these codes, you can use one of them to sign in.

To use a recovery code, enter your username/email and password on the GitLab
sign-in page. When prompted for a two-factor code, enter the recovery code.

After you use a recovery code, you cannot re-use it. You can still use the other
recovery codes you saved.

### Generate new recovery codes using SSH

Users often forget to save their recovery codes when enabling two-factor
authentication. If an SSH key is added to your GitLab account, you can generate
a new set of recovery codes with SSH:

1. Run:

   ```shell
   ssh git@gitlab.com 2fa_recovery_codes
   ```

   NOTE:
   On self-managed instances, replace **`gitlab.com`** in the command above
   with the GitLab server hostname (`gitlab.example.com`).

1. You are prompted to confirm that you want to generate new codes.
   Continuing this process invalidates previously saved codes:

   ```shell
   Are you sure you want to generate new two-factor recovery codes?
   Any existing recovery codes you saved will be invalidated. (yes/no)

   yes

   Your two-factor authentication recovery codes are:

   119135e5a3ebce8e
   11f6v2a498810dcd
   3924c7ab2089c902
   e79a3398bfe4f224
   34bd7b74adbc8861
   f061691d5107df1a
   169bf32a18e63e7f
   b510e7422e81c947
   20dbed24c5e74663
   df9d3b9403b9c9f0

   During sign in, use one of the codes above when prompted for your
   two-factor code. Then, visit your Profile Settings and add a new device
   so you do not lose access to your account again.
   ```

1. Go to the GitLab sign-in page and enter your username/email and password.
   When prompted for a two-factor code, enter one of the recovery codes obtained
   from the command-line output.

After signing in, visit your **User settings > Account**  immediately to set
up two-factor authentication with a new device.

### Regenerate 2FA recovery codes

To regenerate 2FA recovery codes, you need access to a desktop browser:

1. Navigate to GitLab.
1. Sign in to your GitLab account.
1. Go to your [**User settings**](../index.md#access-your-user-settings).
1. Select **Account > Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)**.
1. If you've already configured 2FA, click **Manage two-factor authentication**.
1. In the **Register Two-Factor Authenticator** pane, enter your current password and select **Regenerate recovery codes**.

NOTE:
If you regenerate 2FA recovery codes, save them. You can't use any previously created 2FA codes.

### Have 2FA disabled on your account

If you can't use a saved recovery code or generate new recovery codes, submit a [support ticket](https://support.gitlab.com/hc/en-us/requests/new) to
request a GitLab global administrator disable two-factor authentication for your account. Note that:

- Only the owner of the account can make this request.
- This service is only available for accounts that have a GitLab.com subscription. For more information, see our
  [blog post](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2020/08/04/gitlab-support-no-longer-processing-mfa-resets-for-free-users/).
- Disabling this setting temporarily leaves your account in a less secure state. You should sign in and re-enable two-factor authentication
  as soon as possible.

## Note to GitLab administrators

- You need to take special care to that 2FA keeps working after
  [restoring a GitLab backup](../../../raketasks/backup_restore.md).
- To ensure 2FA authorizes correctly with TOTP server, you may want to ensure
  your GitLab server's time is synchronized via a service like NTP. Otherwise,
  you may have cases where authorization always fails because of time differences.
- The GitLab U2F implementation does _not_ work when the GitLab instance is accessed from
  multiple hostnames, or FQDNs. Each U2F registration is linked to the _current hostname_ at
  the time of registration, and cannot be used for other hostnames/FQDNs. The same applies to
  WebAuthn registrations.

  For example, if a user is trying to access a GitLab instance from `first.host.xyz` and `second.host.xyz`:

  - The user signs in by using `first.host.xyz` and registers their U2F key.
  - The user signs out and attempts to sign in by using `first.host.xyz` - U2F authentication succeeds.
  - The user signs out and attempts to sign in by using `second.host.xyz` - U2F authentication fails, because
    the U2F key has only been registered on `first.host.xyz`.

- To enforce 2FA at the system or group levels see [Enforce Two-factor Authentication](../../../security/two_factor_authentication.md).

## Enable or disable WebAuthn **(FREE SELF)**

Support for WebAuthn is under development and not ready for production use. It is
deployed behind a feature flag that is **disabled by default**.
[GitLab administrators with access to the GitLab Rails console](../../../administration/feature_flags.md)
can enable it.

To enable it:

```ruby
Feature.enable(:webauthn)
```

To disable it:

```ruby
Feature.disable(:webauthn)
```

## Troubleshooting

If you are receiving an `invalid pin code` error, this may indicate that there is a time sync issue between the authentication application and the GitLab instance itself.

To avoid the time sync issue, enable time synchronization in the device that generates the codes. For example:

- For Android (Google Authenticator):
  1. Go to the Main Menu in Google Authenticator.
  1. Select Settings.
  1. Select the Time correction for the codes.
  1. Select Sync now.
- For iOS:
  1. Go to Settings.
  1. Select General.
  1. Select Date & Time.
  1. Enable Set Automatically. If it's already enabled, disable it, wait a few seconds, and re-enable.

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