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Merge branch 'DarwinJS-implementation-patterns' into 'master' 

Docs: Implementation patterns for platform partners

See merge request gitlab-org/gitlab!65887
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---
type: reference, concepts
stage: Enablement
group: Alliances
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---
# EKS cluster provisioning best practices
GitLab can be used to provision an EKS cluster into AWS, however, it necessarily focuses on a basic EKS configuration. Using the AWS tools can help with advanced cluster configuration, automation, and maintenance.
This documentation is not for clusters for deployment of GitLab itself, but instead clusters purpose built for:
- EKS Clusters for GitLab Runners
- Application Deployment Clusters for GitLab review apps
- Application Deployment Cluster for production applications
Information on deploying GitLab onto EKS can be found in [Provisioning GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS EKS](gitlab_hybrid_on_aws.md).
## Use AWS EKS quick start or `eksctl`
Using the EKS Quick Start or `eksctl` enables the following when building an EKS Cluster:
- It can be part of CloudFormation IaC or [CLI (`eksctl`)](https://eksctl.io/) automation
- You have various cluster configuration options:
- Selection of operating system: Amazon Linux 2, Windows, Bottlerocket
- Selection of Hardware Architecture: x86, ARM, GPU
- Selection of Fargate backend
- It can deploy high value-add items to the cluster, including:
- A bastion host to keep the cluster endpoint private and possible perform performance testing.
- Prometheus and Grafana for monitoring.
- EKS Autoscaler for automatic K8s Node scaling.
- 2 or 3 Availability Zones (AZ) spread for balance between High Availability (HA) and cost control.
- Ability to specify spot compute.
Read more about Amazon EKS architecture quick start guide:
- [Landing page](https://aws.amazon.com/quickstart/architecture/amazon-eks/)
- [Reference guide](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-amazon-eks/)
- [Reference guide deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-amazon-eks/#_deployment_steps)
- [Reference guide parameter reference](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-amazon-eks/#_parameter_reference)
## Inject GitLab configuration for integrating clusters
Read more how to [configure an App Deployment cluster](../../user/project/clusters/add_existing_cluster.md) and extract information from it to integrate it into GitLab.
## Provision GitLab Runners using Helm charts
Read how to [use the GitLab Runner Helm Chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/kubernetes.html) to deploy a runner into a cluster.
## Runner Cache
Since the EKS Quick Start provides for EFS provisioning, the best approach is to use EFS for runner caching. Eventually we will publish information on using an S3 bucket for runner caching here.
doc/install/aws/gitaly_on_aws.md 0 → 100644
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---
type: reference, concepts
stage: Enablement
group: Alliances
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---
# Gitaly SRE Considerations
Gitaly and Gitaly Cluster have been engineered by GitLab to overcome fundamental challenges with horizontal scaling of the open source Git binaries. Here is indepth technical reading on the topic:
## Why Gitaly was built
Below are some links to better understand why Gitaly was built:
- [Git characteristics that make horizontal scaling difficult](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/DESIGN.md#git-characteristics-that-make-horizontal-scaling-difficult)
- [Git architectural characteristics and assumptions](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/DESIGN.md#git-architectural-characteristics-and-assumptions)
- [Affects on horizontal compute architecture](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/DESIGN.md#affects-on-horizontal-compute-architecture)
- [Evidence to back building a new horizontal layer to scale Git](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/DESIGN.md#evidence-to-back-building-a-new-horizontal-layer-to-scale-git)
## Gitaly and Praefect elections
As part of Gitaly cluster consistency, Praefect nodes will occasionally need to vote on what data copy is the most accurate. This requires an uneven number of Praefect nodes to avoid stalemates. This means that for HA, Gitaly and Praefect require a minimum of three nodes.
## Gitaly performance monitoring
Complete performance metrics should be collected for Gitaly instances for identification of bottlenecks, as they could have to do with disk IO, network IO or memory.
Gitaly must be implemented on instance compute.
## Gitaly EBS volume sizing guidelines
Gitaly storage is expected to be local (not NFS of any type including EFS).
Gitaly servers also need disk space for building and caching Git pack files.
Background:
- When not using provisioned EBS IO, EBS volume size determines the IO level, so provisioning volumes that are much larger than needed can be the least expensive way to improve EBS IO.
- Only use nitro instance types due to higher IO and EBS optimization.
- Use Amazon Linux 2 to ensure the best disk and memory optimizations (for example, ENA network adapters and drivers).
- If GitLab backup scripts are used, they need a temporary space location large enough to hold 2 times the current size of the Git File system. If that will be done on Gitaly servers, separate volumes should be used.
## Gitaly HA in EKS quick start
The AWS EKS quick start for GitLab Cloud Native implements Gitaly as a multi-zone, self-healing infrastructure. It has specific code for reestablishing a Gitaly node when one fails, including AZ failure.
## Gitaly long term management
Gitaly node disk sizes will need to be monitored and increased to accommodate Git repository growth and Gitaly temporary and caching storage needs. The storage configuration on all nodes should be kept identical.
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---
type: reference, concepts
stage: Enablement
group: Alliances
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---
{::options parse_block_html="true" /}
# Provision GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS EKS **(FREE SELF)**
GitLab "Cloud Native Hybrid" is a hybrid of the cloud native technology Kubernetes (EKS) and EC2. While as much of the GitLab application as possible runs in Kubernetes or on AWS services (PaaS), the GitLab service Gitaly must still be run on Ec2. Gitaly is a layer designed to overcome limitations of the Git binaries in a horizontally scaled architecture. You can read more here about why Gitaly was built and why the limitations of Git mean that it must currently run on instance compute in [Git Characteristics That Make Horizontal Scaling Difficult](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/DESIGN.md#git-characteristics-that-make-horizontal-scaling-difficult)
Amazon provides a managed Kubernetes service offering known as [Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/).
## Tested AWS Bill of Materials by reference architecture size
| GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid Ref Arch | GitLab Baseline Perf Test Results Omnibus on Instances | AWS Bill of Materials (BOM) for CNH | AWS Build Performance Testing Results for [CNH](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128_results.txt) | CNH Cost Estimate 3 AZs |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| [2K Omnibus](../../administration/reference_architectures/2k_users.md) | [2K Baseline](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest/2k) | [2K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](#2k-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks) | GPT Test Results | 1 YR Ec2 Compute Savings + 1 YR RDS & Elasticache RIs<br />(2 AZ Cost Estimate is in BOM Below) |
| [3K](../../administration/reference_architectures/3k_users.md#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative) | [3k Baseline](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest/3k) | [3K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](#3k-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks) | [3K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/3K/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216_results.txt)<br /><br />[3K AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/3K/3k-QuickStart-AutoScale-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_194200/3k-QuickStart-AutoScale-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_194200_results.txt) | 1 YR Ec2 Compute Savings + 1 YR RDS & Elasticache RIs<br />(2 AZ Cost Estimate is in BOM Below) |
| [5K](../../administration/reference_architectures/5k_users.md#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative) | [5k Baseline](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest/5k) | [5K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](#5k-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks) | [5K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128_results.txt)<br /><br />[5K AutoScale from 25% GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717_results.txt) | 1 YR Ec2 Compute Savings + 1 YR RDS & Elasticache RIs |
| [10K](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative) | [10k Baseline](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest/10k) | [10K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](#10k-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks) | [10K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647_results.txt)<br /><br />[10K AutoScale GPT Test Results](hhttps://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139_results.txt) | [10K 1 YR Ec2 Compute Savings + 1 YR RDS & Elasticache RIs](https://calculator.aws/#/estimate?id=5ac2e07a22e01c36ee76b5477c5a046cd1bea792) |
| [50K](../../administration/reference_architectures/50k_users.md#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative) | [50k Baseline](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest/50k) | [50K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](#50k-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks) | [50K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819_results.txt)<br /><br />[10K AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633.txt) | [10K 1 YR Ec2 Compute Savings + 1 YR RDS & Elasticache RIs] |
## Available Infrastructure as Code for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid
The [AWS Quick Start for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/) is developed by AWS, GitLab, and the community that contributes to AWS Quick Starts, whether directly to the GitLab Quick Start or to the underlying Quick Start dependencies GitLab inherits (for example, EKS Quick Start).
NOTE:
This automation is in **Developer Preview**. GitLab is working with AWS on [these outstanding issues](https://github.com/aws-quickstart/quickstart-eks-gitlab/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+%5BHL%5D) before it is fully released.
The [GitLab Environment Toolkit (GET)](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit/-/tree/master) is an effort made by GitLab to create a multi-cloud, multi-GitLab (Omnibus + Cloud Native Hybrid) toolkit to provision GitLab. GET is developed by GitLab developers and is open to community contributions.
It is helpful to review the [GitLab Environment Toolkit (GET) Issues](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit/-/issues) to understand if any of them may affect your provisioning plans.
| | [AWS Quick Start for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/) | [GitLab Environment Toolkit (GET)](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit/-/tree/master) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| GitLab Reference Architecture Compliant | Yes | Yes |
| GitLab Performance Tool (GPT) Tested | Yes | Yes |
| Amazon Well Architected Compliant | Yes<br />(via Quick Start program) | Critical portions <br />reviewed by AWS |
| Target Cloud Platforms | AWS | AWS, Google, Azure |
| IaC Languages | CloudFormation (Quick Starts) | Terraform, Ansible |
| Community Contributions and Participation (EcoSystem) | <u>GitLab QSG</u>: Getting Started<br /><u>For QSG Dependencies (e.g. EKS)</u>: Substantial | Getting Started |
| Compatible with AWS Meta-Automation Services (via CloudFormation) | Service Catalog (Direct Import), Control Tower<br />Quick Starts, SaaS Factory | No |
| Results in a Ready-to-Use instance | Yes | Manual Actions or <br />Supplemental IaC Required |
| **<u>Configuration Features</u>** | | |
| Can deploy Omnibus GitLab (non-Kubernetes | No | Yes |
| Complete Internal Encryption | 85%, Targeting 100% | Manual |
| AWS GovCloud Support | Yes | TBD |
### Streamlined Performance Testing of AWS Quick Start Prepared GitLab Instances
A set of performance testing instructions have been abbreviated for testing a GitLab instance prepared using the AWS Quick Start for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS. They assume zero familiarity with GitLab Performance Tool. They can be accessed here: [Performance Testing an Instance Prepared using AWS Quick Start for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/Easy-DIY-Perf-Testing.md).
### AWS GovCloud Support for AWS Quick Start for GitLab CNH on EKS
The AWS Quick Start for GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS has been tested with GovCloud and works with the following restrictions and understandings.
- GovCloud does not have public Route53 hosted zones, so you must set the following parameters:
| CloudFormation Quick Start form field | CloudFormation Parameter | Setting |
| --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------- |
| **Create Route 53 hosted zone** | CreatedHostedZone | No |
| **Request AWS Certificate Manager SSL certificate** | CreateSslCertificate | No |
- The Quick Start creates public load balancer IPs, so that you can easily configure your local hosts file to get to the GUI for GitLab when deploying tests. However, you may need to manually alter this if public load balancers are not part of your provisioning plan. We are planning to make non-public load balancers a configuration option issue link: [Short Term: Documentation and/or Automation for private GitLab instance with no internet Ingress](https://github.com/aws-quickstart/quickstart-eks-gitlab/issues/55)
- As of 2021-08-19, AWS GovCloud has Graviton instances for Aurora PostgreSQL available, but does not for ElastiCache Redis.
- It is challenging to get the Quick Start template to load in GovCloud from the Standard Quick Start URL, so the generic ones are provided here:
- [Launch for New VPC in us-gov-east-1](https://us-gov-east-1.console.amazonaws-us-gov.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-gov-east-1#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-for-EKS-New-VPC)
- [Launch for New VPC in us-gov-west-1](https://us-gov-west-1.console.amazonaws-us-gov.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-gov-west-1#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-for-EKS-New-VPC)
## AWS PaaS qualified for all GitLab implementations
For both Omnibus GitLab or Cloud Native Hybrid implementations, the following GitLab Service roles can be performed by AWS Services (PaaS). Any PaaS solutions that require preconfigured sizing based on the scale of your instance will also be listed in the per-instance size Bill of Materials lists. Those PaaS that do not require specific sizing, are not repeated in the BOM lists (for example, AWS Certification Manager).
These services have been tested with GitLab.
Some services, such as log aggregation, outbound email are not specified by GitLab, but where provided are noted.
| GitLab Services | AWS PaaS (Tested) | Provided by AWS Cloud <br />Native Hybrid Quick Start |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| <u>Tested PaaS Mentioned in Reference Architectures</u> | | |
| **PostgreSQL Database** | Aurora RDS | Yes. |
| **Redis Caching** | Redis Elasticache | Yes. |
| **Gitaly Cluster (Git Repository Storage)**<br />(Including Praefect and PostgreSQL) | ASG and Instances | Yes - ASG and Instances<br />**Note: Gitaly cannot be put into a Kubernetes Cluster.** |
| **All GitLab storages besides Git Repository Storage**<br />(Includes Git-LFS which is S3 Compatible) | AWS S3 | Yes |
| | | |
| <u>Tested PaaS for Supplemental Services</u> | | |
| **Front End Load Balancing** | AWS ELB | Yes |
| **Internal Load Balancing** | AWS ELB | Yes |
| **Outbound Email Services** | AWS Simple Email Service (SES) | Yes |
| **Certificate Authority and Management** | AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) | Yes |
| **DNS** | AWS Route53 (tested) | Yes |
| **GitLab and Infrastructure Log Aggregation** | AWS CloudWatch Logs | Yes (ContainerInsights Agent for EKS) |
| **Infrastructure Performance Metrics** | AWS CloudWatch Metrics | Yes |
| | | |
| <u>Supplemental Services and Configurations (Tested)</u> | | |
| **Prometheus for GitLab** | AWS EKS (Cloud Native Only) | Yes |
| **Grafana for GitLab** | AWS EKS (Cloud Native Only) | Yes |
| **Administrative Access to GitLab Backend** | Bastion Host in VPC | Yes - HA - Preconfigured for Cluster Management. |
| **Encryption (In Transit / At Rest)** | AWS KMS | Yes |
| **Secrets Storage for Provisioning** | AWS Secrets Manager | Yes |
| **Configuration Data for Provisioning** | AWS Parameter Store | Yes |
| **AutoScaling Kubernetes** | EKS AutoScaling Agent | Yes |
## GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS
### 2K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS
**2K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS Bill of Materials (BOM)**
**GPT Test Results**
- [3K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/3K/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216_results.txt)
- [3K AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/3K/3k-QuickStart-AutoScale-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_194200/3k-QuickStart-AutoScale-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_194200_results.txt)
**Deploy Now**
Deploy Now links leverage the AWS Quick Start automation and only prepopulate the number of instances and instance types for the Quick Start based on the Bill of Meterials below. You must provide appropriate input for all other parameters by following the guidance in the [Quick Start documentation's Deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/#_deployment_steps) section.
- **Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 2 AZs**
- **Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 3 AZs**
NOTE:
On Demand pricing is used in this table for comparisons, but should not be used for budgeting nor purchasing AWS resources for a GitLab production instance. Do not use these tables to calculate actual monthly or yearly price estimates, instead use the AWS Calculator links in the "GitLab on AWS Compute" table above and customize it with your desired savings plan.
**BOM Total:** = Bill of Materials Total - this is what you use when building this configuration
**Ref Arch Raw Total:** = The totals if the configuration was built on regular VMs with no PaaS services. Configuring on pure VMs generally requires additional VMs for cluster management activities.
**Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** = can be used to scale-in during time of low demand and/or for warm standby Geo instances. Requires configuration, testing and management of EKS autoscaling to meet your internal requirements.
| Service | Ref Arch Raw (Full Scaled) | AWS BOM | Example Full Scaled Cost<br />(On Demand, US East) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Webservice | 12 vCPU,16 GB | | |
| Sidekiq | 2 vCPU, 8 GB | | |
| Supporting services such as NGINX, Prometheus, etc | 2 vCPU, 8 GB | | |
| **GitLab Ref Arch Raw Total K8s Node Capacity** | 16 vCPU, 32 GB | | |
| One Node for Overhead and Miscellaneous (EKS Cluster AutoScaler, Grafana, Prometheus, etc) | + 8 vCPU, 16GB | | |
| **Grand Total w/ Overheads**<br />Minimum hosts = 3 | 24 vCPU, 48 GB | **c5.2xlarge** <br />(8vcpu/16GB) x 3 nodes<br />24 vCPU, 48 GB | $1.02/hr |
| **Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** | 16 vCPU, 32 GB | **c5.2xlarge** x 2 | $0.68/hr |
NOTE:
If EKS node autoscaling is employed, it is likely that your average loading will run lower than this, especially during non-working hours and weekends.
| Non-Kubernetes Compute | Ref Arch Raw Total | AWS BOM<br />(Directly Usable in AWS Quick Start) | Example Cost<br />US East, 3 AZ | Example Cost<br />US East, 2 AZ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| **Bastion Host (Quick Start)** | 1 HA instance in ASG | **t2.micro** for prod, **m4.2xlarge** for perf. testing | | |
| **PostgreSQL**<br />AWS Aurora RDS Nodes Configuration (GPT tested) | 2vCPU, 7.5 GB<br />Tested with Graviton ARM | **db.r6g.large** x 3 nodes <br />(6vCPU, 48 GB) | 3 nodes x $0.26 = $0.78/hr | 3 nodes x $0.26 = $0.78/hr<br />(Aurora is always 3) |
| **Redis** | 1vCPU, 3.75GB<br />(across 12 nodes for Redis Cache, Redis Queues/Shared State, Sentinel Cache, Sentinel Queues/Shared State) | **cache.m6g.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6vCPU, 19GB) | 3 nodes x $0.15 = $0.45/hr | 2 nodes x $0.15 = $0.30/hr |
| **<u>Gitaly Cluster</u>** [Details](gitaly_on_aws.md) | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) | | | |
| Gitaly Instances (in ASG) | 12 vCPU, 45GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **m5.xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(48 vCPU, 180 GB) | $0.192 x 3 = $0.58/hr | $0.192 x 3 = $0.58/hr |
| | The GitLab Reference architecture for 2K is not Highly Available and therefore has a single Gitaly no Praefect. AWS Quick Starts MUST be HA, so it implements Prafect from the 3K Ref Architecture to meet that requirement | | | |
| Praefect (Instances in ASG with load balancer) | 6 vCPU, 10 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **c5.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6 vCPU, 12 GB) | $0.09 x 3 = $0.21/hr | $0.09 x 3 = $0.21/hr |
| Praefect PostgreSQL(1) (AWS RDS) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | N/A Reuses GitLab PostgreSQL | $0 | $0 |
| Internal Load Balancing Node | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB | AWS ELB | $0.10/hr | $0.10/hr |
### 3K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS
**3K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS Bill of Materials (BOM)**
**GPT Test Results**
- [5K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128_results.txt)
- [5K AutoScale from 25% GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717_results.txt)
**Deploy Now**
Deploy Now links leverage the AWS Quick Start automation and only prepopulate the number of instances and instance types for the Quick Start based on the Bill of Meterials below. You must provide appropriate input for all other parameters by following the guidance in the [Quick Start documentation's Deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/#_deployment_steps) section.
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 2 AZs](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-3K-Users-2AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=2&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=3&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=3&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.xlarge&param_CacheNodes=2&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.large&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.large&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=3&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.large&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=3)**
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 3 AZs](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-3K-Users-3AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=3&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=3&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=3&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.xlarge&param_CacheNodes=3&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.large&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.large&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=3&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.large&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=3)**
NOTE:
On Demand pricing is used in this table for comparisons, but should not be used for budgeting nor purchasing AWS resources for a GitLab production instance. Do not use these tables to calculate actual monthly or yearly price estimates, instead use the AWS Calculator links in the "GitLab on AWS Compute" table above and customize it with your desired savings plan.
**BOM Total:** = Bill of Materials Total - this is what you use when building this configuration
**Ref Arch Raw Total:** = The totals if the configuration was built on regular VMs with no PaaS services. Configuring on pure VMs generally requires additional VMs for cluster management activities.
**Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** = can be used to scale-in during time of low demand and/or for warm standby Geo instances. Requires configuration, testing and management of EKS autoscaling to meet your internal requirements.
| Service | Ref Arch Raw (Full Scaled) | AWS BOM | Example Full Scaled Cost<br />(On Demand, US East) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Webservice | [4 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/3k.yaml#L7) x ([5 vCPU & 6.25 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/3k_users.md#webservice)) = <br />20 vCPU, 25 GB | | |
| Sidekiq | [8 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/3k.yaml#L24) x ([1 vCPU & 2 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/3k_users.md#sidekiq)) = <br />8 vCPU, 16 GB | | |
| Supporting services such as NGINX, Prometheus, etc | [2 allocations](../../administration/reference_architectures/3k_users.md#cluster-topology) x ([2 vCPU and 7.5 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/3k_users.md#cluster-topology)) = <br />4 vCPU, 15 GB | | |
| **GitLab Ref Arch Raw Total K8s Node Capacity** | 32 vCPU, 56 GB | | |
| One Node for Overhead and Miscellaneous (EKS Cluster AutoScaler, Grafana, Prometheus, etc) | + 16 vCPU, 32GB | | |
| **Grand Total w/ Overheads Full Scale**<br />Minimum hosts = 3 | 48 vCPU, 88 GB | **c5.2xlarge** (8vcpu/16GB) x 5 nodes<br />40 vCPU, 80 GB<br />[Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/3K/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216/3k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Cache_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_124216_results.txt) | $1.70/hr |
| **Possible Idle Configuration (Scaled-In 75% - round up)**<br />Pod autoscaling must be also adjusted to enable lower idling configuration. | 24 vCPU, 48 GB | c5.2xlarge x 4 | $1.36/hr |
Other combinations of node type and quantity can be used to meet the Grand Total. Due to the properties of pods, hosts that are overly small may have significant unused capacity.
NOTE:
If EKS node autoscaling is employed, it is likely that your average loading will run lower than this, especially during non-working hours and weekends.
| Non-Kubernetes Compute | Ref Arch Raw Total | AWS BOM<br />(Directly Usable in AWS Quick Start) | Example Cost<br />US East, 3 AZ | Example Cost<br />US East, 2 AZ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Bastion Host (Quick Start)** | 1 HA instance in ASG | **t2.micro** for prod, **m4.2xlarge** for perf. testing | | |
| **PostgreSQL**<br />AWS Aurora RDS Nodes Configuration (GPT tested) | 18vCPU, 36 GB <br />(across 9 nodes for PostgreSQL, PgBouncer, Consul)<br />Tested with Graviton ARM | **db.r6g.xlarge** x 3 nodes <br />(12vCPU, 96 GB) | 3 nodes x $0.52 = $1.56/hr | 3 nodes x $0.52 = $1.56/hr<br />(Aurora is always 3) |
| **Redis** | 6vCPU, 18GB<br />(across 6 nodes for Redis Cache, Sentinel) | **cache.m6g.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6vCPU, 19GB) | 3 nodes x $0.15 = $0.45/hr | 2 nodes x $0.15 = $0.30/hr |
| **<u>Gitaly Cluster</u>** [Details](gitaly_on_aws.md) | | | | |
| Gitaly Instances (in ASG) | 12 vCPU, 45GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **m5.large** x 3 nodes<br />(12 vCPU, 48 GB) | $0.192 x 3 = $0.58/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect (Instances in ASG with load balancer) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **c5.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6 vCPU, 12 GB) | $0.09 x 3 = $0.21/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect PostgreSQL(1) (AWS RDS) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | N/A Reuses GitLab PostgreSQL | $0 | |
| Internal Load Balancing Node | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB | AWS ELB | $0.10/hr | $0.10/hr |
### 5K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS
**5K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS Bill of Materials (BOM)**
**GPT Test Results**
- [5K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128_results.txt)
- [5K AutoScale from 25% GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717/5k-QuickStart-AutoScale-From-25Percent-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-24_102717_results.txt)
**Deploy Now**
Deploy Now links leverage the AWS Quick Start automation and only prepopulate the number of instances and instance types for the Quick Start based on the Bill of Meterials below. You must provide appropriate input for all other parameters by following the guidance in the [Quick Start documentation's Deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/#_deployment_steps) section.
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 2 AZs](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-5K-Users-2AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=2&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=5&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=5&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.2xlarge&param_CacheNodes=2&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.xlarge&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=2&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.large&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=2)**
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 3 AZs](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-5K-Users-3AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=3&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=5&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=5&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.2xlarge&param_CacheNodes=3&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.xlarge&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.2xlarge&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=3&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.large&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=3)**
NOTE:
On Demand pricing is used in this table for comparisons, but should not be used for budgeting nor purchasing AWS resources for a GitLab production instance. Do not use these tables to calculate actual monthly or yearly price estimates, instead use the AWS Calculator links in the "GitLab on AWS Compute" table above and customize it with your desired savings plan.
**BOM Total:** = Bill of Materials Total - this is what you use when building this configuration
**Ref Arch Raw Total:** = The totals if the configuration was built on regular VMs with no PaaS services. Configuring on pure VMs generally requires additional VMs for cluster management activities.
**Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** = can be used to scale-in during time of low demand and/or for warm standby Geo instances. Requires configuration, testing and management of EKS autoscaling to meet your internal requirements.
| Service | Ref Arch Raw (Full Scaled) | AWS BOM | Example Full Scaled Cost<br />(On Demand, US East) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Webservice | [10 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/5k.yaml#L7) x ([5 vCPU & 6.25GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/5k_users.md#webservice)) = <br />50 vCPU, 62.5 GB | | |
| Sidekiq | [8 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/5k.yaml#L24) x ([1 vCPU & 2 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/5k_users.md#sidekiq)) = <br />8 vCPU, 16 GB | | |
| Supporting services such as NGINX, Prometheus, etc | [2 allocations](../../administration/reference_architectures/5k_users.md#cluster-topology) x ([2 vCPU and 7.5 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/5k_users.md#cluster-topology)) = <br />4 vCPU, 15 GB | | |
| **GitLab Ref Arch Raw Total K8s Node Capacity** | 62 vCPU, 96.5 GB | | |
| One Node for Quick Start Overhead and Miscellaneous (EKS Cluster AutoScaler, Grafana, Prometheus, etc) | + 8 vCPU, 16GB | | |
| **Grand Total w/ Overheads Full Scale**<br />Minimum hosts = 3 | 70 vCPU, 112.5 GB | **c5.2xlarge** (8vcpu/16GB) x 9 nodes<br />72 vCPU, 144 GB<br />[Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/5K/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128/5k-QuickStart-ARM-RDS-Redis_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-23_140128_results.txt) | $2.38/hr |
| **Possible Idle Configuration (Scaled-In 75% - round up)**<br />Pod autoscaling must be also adjusted to enable lower idling configuration. | 24 vCPU, 48 GB | c5.2xlarge x 7 | $1.85/hr |
Other combinations of node type and quantity can be used to meet the Grand Total. Due to the cpu and memory requirements of pods, hosts that are overly small may have significant unused capacity.
NOTE:
If EKS node autoscaling is employed, it is likely that your average loading will run lower than this, especially during non-working hours and weekends.
| Non-Kubernetes Compute | Ref Arch Raw Total | AWS BOM<br />(Directly Usable in AWS Quick Start) | Example Cost<br />US East, 3 AZ | Example Cost<br />US East, 2 AZ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Bastion Host (Quick Start)** | 1 HA instance in ASG | **t2.micro** for prod, **m4.2xlarge** for perf. testing | | |
| **PostgreSQL**<br />AWS Aurora RDS Nodes Configuration (GPT tested) | 21vCPU, 51 GB <br />(across 9 nodes for PostgreSQL, PgBouncer, Consul)<br />Tested with Graviton ARM | **db.r6g.2xlarge** x 3 nodes <br />(24vCPU, 192 GB) | 3 nodes x $1.04 = $3.12/hr | 3 nodes x $1.04 = $3.12/hr<br />(Aurora is always 3) |
| **Redis** | 9vCPU, 27GB<br />(across 6 nodes for Redis, Sentinel) | **cache.m6g.xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(12vCPU, 39GB) | 3 nodes x $0.30 = $0.90/hr | 2 nodes x $0.30 = $0.60/hr |
| **<u>Gitaly Cluster</u>** [Details](gitaly_on_aws.md) | | | | |
| Gitaly Instances (in ASG) | 24 vCPU, 90GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **m5.2xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(24 vCPU, 96GB) | $0.384 x 3 = $1.15/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect (Instances in ASG with load balancer) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **c5.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6 vCPU, 12 GB) | $0.09 x 3 = $0.21/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect PostgreSQL(1) (AWS RDS) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | N/A Reuses GitLab PostgreSQL | $0 | |
| Internal Load Balancing Node | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB | AWS ELB | $0.10/hr | $0.10/hr |
### 10K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS
**10K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS Bill of Materials (BOM)**
**GPT Test Results**
- [10K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647_results.txt)
- [10K AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139_results.txt)
**Deploy Now**
Deploy Now links leverage the AWS Quick Start automation and only prepopulate the number of instances and instance types for the Quick Start based on the Bill of Meterials below. You must provide appropriate input for all other parameters by following the guidance in the [Quick Start documentation's Deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/#_deployment_steps) section.
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 3 AZs](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-10K-Users-3AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=3&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.4xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=9&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=9&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.2xlarge&param_CacheNodes=3&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.2xlarge&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.4xlarge&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=3&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.large&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=3)**
NOTE:
On Demand pricing is used in this table for comparisons, but should not be used for budgeting nor purchasing AWS resources for a GitLab production instance. Do not use these tables to calculate actual monthly or yearly price estimates, instead use the AWS Calculator links in the "GitLab on AWS Compute" table above and customize it with your desired savings plan.
**BOM Total:** = Bill of Materials Total - this is what you use when building this configuration
**Ref Arch Raw Total:** = The totals if the configuration was built on regular VMs with no PaaS services. Configuring on pure VMs generally requires additional VMs for cluster management activities.
**Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** = can be used to scale-in during time of low demand and/or for warm standby Geo instances. Requires configuration, testing and management of EKS autoscaling to meet your internal requirements.
| Service | Ref Arch Raw (Full Scaled) | AWS BOM<br />(Directly Usable in AWS Quick Start) | Example Full Scaled Cost<br />(On Demand, US East) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Webservice | [20 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/10k.yaml#L7) x ([5 vCPU & 6.25 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#webservice)) = <br />100 vCPU, 125 GB | | |
| Sidekiq | [14 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/10k.yaml#L24) x ([1 vCPU & 2 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#sidekiq))<br />14 vCPU, 28 GB | | |
| Supporting services such as NGINX, Prometheus, etc | [2 allocations](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#cluster-topology) x ([2 vCPU and 7.5 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#cluster-topology))<br />4 vCPU, 15 GB | | |
| **GitLab Ref Arch Raw Total K8s Node Capacity** | 128 vCPU, 158 GB | | |
| One Node for Overhead and Miscellaneous (EKS Cluster AutoScaler, Grafana, Prometheus, etc) | + 16 vCPU, 32GB | | |
| **Grand Total w/ Overheads Fully Scaled**<br />Minimum hosts = 3 | 142 vCPU, 190 GB | **c5.4xlarge** (16vcpu/32GB) x 9 nodes<br />144 vCPU, 288GB<br /><br />[Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647/GL-CloudNative-10k-RDS-Graviton_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-08_194647_results.txt) | $6.12/hr |
| **Possible Idle Configuration (Scaled-In 75% - round up)**<br />Pod autoscaling must be also adjusted to enable lower idling configuration. | 40 vCPU, 80 GB | c5.4xlarge x 7<br /><br />[AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/10K/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139/GL-CloudNative-10k-AutoScaling-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-07-09_115139_results.txt) | $4.76/hr |
Other combinations of node type and quantity can be used to meet the Grand Total. Due to the cpu and memory requirements of pods, hosts that are overly small may have significant unused capacity.
NOTE:
If EKS node autoscaling is employed, it is likely that your average loading will run lower than this, especially during non-working hours and weekends.
| Non-Kubernetes Compute | Ref Arch Raw Total | AWS BOM | Example Cost<br />US East, 3 AZ | Example Cost<br />US East, 2 AZ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Bastion Host (Quick Start)** | 1 HA instance in ASG | **t2.micro** for prod, **m4.2xlarge** for perf. testing | | |
| **PostgreSQL**<br />AWS Aurora RDS Nodes Configuration (GPT tested) | 36vCPU, 102 GB <br />(across 9 nodes for PostgreSQL, PgBouncer, Consul) | **db.r6g.2xlarge** x 3 nodes <br />(24vCPU, 192 GB) | 3 nodes x $1.04 = $3.12/hr | 3 nodes x $1.04 = $3.12/hr<br />(Aurora is always 3) |
| **Redis** | 30vCPU, 114GB<br />(across 12 nodes for Redis Cache, Redis Queues/Shared State, Sentinel Cache, Sentinel Queues/Shared State) | **cache.m5.2xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(24vCPU, 78GB) | 3 nodes x $0.62 = $1.86/hr | 2 nodes x $0.62 = $1.24/hr |
| **<u>Gitaly Cluster</u>** [Details](gitaly_on_aws.md) | | | | |
| Gitaly Instances (in ASG) | 48 vCPU, 180GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **m5.4xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(48 vCPU, 180 GB) | $0.77 x 3 = $2.31/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect (Instances in ASG with load balancer) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | **c5.large** x 3 nodes<br />(6 vCPU, 12 GB) | $0.09 x 3 = $0.21/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect PostgreSQL(1) (AWS RDS) | 6 vCPU, 5.4 GB<br />(across 3 nodes) | N/A Reuses GitLab PostgreSQL | $0 | |
| Internal Load Balancing Node | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB | AWS ELB | $0.10/hr | $0.10/hr |
### 50K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS
**50K Cloud Native Hybrid on EKS Bill of Materials (BOM)**
**GPT Test Results**
- [50K Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819_results.txt)
- [50K AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633.txt)
**Deploy Now**
Deploy Now links leverage the AWS Quick Start automation and only prepopulate the number of instances and instance types for the Quick Start based on the Bill of Meterials below. You must provide appropriate input for all other parameters by following the guidance in the [Quick Start documentation's Deployment steps](https://aws-quickstart.github.io/quickstart-eks-gitlab/#_deployment_steps) section.
- **[Deploy Now: AWS Quick Start for 3 AZs - 1/4 Scale EKS](https://us-east-2.console.aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/home?region=us-east-2#/stacks/quickcreate?templateUrl=https://aws-quickstart.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/quickstart-eks-gitlab/templates/gitlab-entry-new-vpc.template.yaml&stackName=Gitlab-EKS-50K-Users-3AZs&param_NumberOfAZs=3&param_NodeInstanceType=c5.4xlarge&param_NumberOfNodes=7&param_MaxNumberOfNodes=9&param_DBInstanceClass=db.r6g.8xlarge&param_CacheNodes=3&param_CacheNodeType=cache.m6g.2xlarge&param_GitalyInstanceType=m5.16xlarge&param_NumberOfGitalyReplicas=3&param_PraefectInstanceType=c5.xlarge&param_NumberOfPraefectReplicas=3)**
NOTE:
On Demand pricing is used in this table for comparisons, but should not be used for budgeting nor purchasing AWS resources for a GitLab production instance. Do not use these tables to calculate actual monthly or yearly price estimates, instead use the AWS Calculator links in the "GitLab on AWS Compute" table above and customize it with your desired savings plan.
**BOM Total:** = Bill of Materials Total - this is what you use when building this configuration
**Ref Arch Raw Total:** = The totals if the configuration was built on regular VMs with no PaaS services. Configuring on pure VMs generally requires additional VMs for cluster management activities.
**Idle Configuration (Scaled-In)** = can be used to scale-in during time of low demand and/or for warm standby Geo instances. Requires configuration, testing and management of EKS autoscaling to meet your internal requirements.
| Service | Ref Arch Raw (Full Scaled) | AWS BOM<br />(Directly Usable in AWS Quick Start) | Example Full Scaled Cost<br />(On Demand, US East) |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Webservice | [80 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/10k.yaml#L7) x ([5 vCPU & 6.25 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#webservice)) = <br />400 vCPU, 500 GB | | |
| Sidekiq | [14 pods](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/10k.yaml#L24) x ([1 vCPU & 2 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#sidekiq))<br />14 vCPU, 28 GB | | |
| Supporting services such as NGINX, Prometheus, etc | [2 allocations](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#cluster-topology) x ([2 vCPU and 7.5 GB](../../administration/reference_architectures/10k_users.md#cluster-topology))<br />4 vCPU, 15 GB | | |
| **GitLab Ref Arch Raw Total K8s Node Capacity** | 428 vCPU, 533 GB | | |
| One Node for Overhead and Miscellaneous (EKS Cluster AutoScaler, Grafana, Prometheus, etc) | + 16 vCPU, 32GB | | |
| **Grand Total w/ Overheads Fully Scaled**<br />Minimum hosts = 3 | 444 vCPU, 565 GB | **c5.4xlarge** (16vcpu/32GB) x 28 nodes<br />448 vCPU, 896GB<br /><br />[Full Scale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819/50k-Fixed-Scale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_172819_results.txt) | $19.04/hr |
| **Possible Idle Configuration (Scaled-In 75% - round up)**<br />Pod autoscaling must be also adjusted to enable lower idling configuration. | 40 vCPU, 80 GB | c5.2xlarge x 10<br /><br />[AutoScale GPT Test Results](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/alliances/aws/implementation-patterns/gitlab-cloud-native-hybrid-on-eks/-/blob/master/gitlab-alliances-testing/50K/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633/50k-AutoScale-Test_v13-12-3-ee_2021-08-13_192633.txt) | $6.80/hr |
Other combinations of node type and quantity can be used to meet the Grand Total. Due to the cpu and memory requirements of pods, hosts that are overly small may have significant unused capacity.
NOTE:
If EKS node autoscaling is employed, it is likely that your average loading will run lower than this, especially during non-working hours and weekends.
| Non-Kubernetes Compute | Ref Arch Raw Total | AWS BOM | Example Cost<br />US East, 3 AZ | Example Cost<br />US East, 2 AZ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| **Bastion Host (Quick Start)** | 1 HA instance in ASG | **t2.micro** for prod, **m4.2xlarge** for perf. testing | | |
| **PostgreSQL**<br />AWS Aurora RDS Nodes Configuration (GPT tested) | 96vCPU, 360 GB <br />(across 3 nodes) | **db.r6g.8xlarge** x 3 nodes <br />(96vCPU, 768 GB total) | 3 nodes x $4.15 = $12.45/hr | 3 nodes x $4.15 = $12.45/hr<br />(Aurora is always 3) |
| **Redis** | 30vCPU, 114GB<br />(across 12 nodes for Redis Cache, Redis Queues/Shared State, Sentinel Cache, Sentinel Queues/Shared State) | **cache.m6g.2xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(24vCPU, 78GB total) | 3 nodes x $0.60 = $1.80/hr | 2 nodes x $0.60 = $1.20/hr |
| **<u>Gitaly Cluster</u>** [Details](gitaly_on_aws.md) | | | | |
| Gitaly Instances (in ASG) | 64 vCPU, 240GB x 3 nodes | **m5.16xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(64 vCPU, 256 GB each) | $3.07 x 3 = $9.21/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect (Instances in ASG with load balancer) | 4 vCPU, 3.6 GB x 3 nodes | **c5.xlarge** x 3 nodes<br />(4 vCPU, 8 GB each) | $0.17 x 3 = $0.51/hr | [Gitaly & Praefect Must Have an Uneven Node Count for HA](gitaly_on_aws.md#gitaly-and-praefect-elections) |
| Praefect PostgreSQL(1) (AWS RDS) | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB x 3 nodes | N/A Reuses GitLab PostgreSQL | $0 | |
| Internal Load Balancing Node | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB | AWS ELB | $0.10/hr | $0.10/hr |
## Helpful Resources
- [Architecting Kubernetes clusters — choosing a worker node size](https://learnk8s.io/kubernetes-node-size)
doc/install/aws/index.md
View file @ e1d1bcda
--- ---
stage: Enablement stage: Enablement
group: Distribution group: Alliances
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
type: howto comments: false
description: Read through the GitLab installation methods.
type: index
--- ---
# Installing GitLab on Amazon Web Services (AWS) **(FREE SELF)** # AWS implementation patterns **(FREE SELF)**
This page offers a walkthrough of a common configuration
for GitLab on AWS using the official GitLab Linux package. You should customize it to accommodate your needs.
NOTE:
For organizations with 1,000 users or less, the recommended AWS installation method is to launch an EC2 single box [Omnibus Installation](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) and implement a snapshot strategy for backing up the data. See the [1,000 user reference architecture](../../administration/reference_architectures/1k_users.md) for more.
## Introduction GitLab [Reference Architectures](../../administration/reference_architectures/index.md) give qualified and tested guidance on the recommended ways GitLab can be configured to meet the performance requirements of various workloads. Reference Architectures are purpose-designed to be non-implementation specific so they can be extrapolated to as many environments as possible. This generally means they have a highly-granular "machine" to "server role" specification and focus on system elements that impact performance. This is what enables Reference Architectures to be adaptable to the broadest number of supported implementations.
For the most part, we'll make use of Omnibus GitLab in our setup, but we'll also leverage native AWS services. Instead of using the Omnibus bundled PostgreSQL and Redis, we will use AWS RDS and ElastiCache. Implementation patterns are built on the foundational information and testing done for Reference Architectures and allow architects and implementers at GitLab, GitLab Customers, and GitLab Partners to build out deployments with less experimentation and a higher degree of confidence that the results will perform as expected.
In this guide, we'll go through a multi-node setup where we'll start by
configuring our Virtual Private Cloud and subnets to later integrate
services such as RDS for our database server and ElastiCache as a Redis
cluster to finally manage them within an auto scaling group with custom
scaling policies.
## Requirements ## Implementation patterns information
In addition to having a basic familiarity with [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/) and [Amazon EC2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/), you will need: ### Install GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS EKS (HA)
- [An AWS account](https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home) [Provision GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS EKS (HA)](gitlab_hybrid_on_aws.md). This document includes instructions, patterns, and automation for installing GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid on AWS EKS. It also includes [Bill of Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_materials) listings and links to Infrastructure as Code. GitLab Cloud Native Hybrid is the supported way to put as much of GitLab as possible into Kubernetes.
- [To create or upload an SSH key](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-key-pairs.html)
to connect to the instance via SSH
- A domain name for the GitLab instance
- An SSL/TLS certificate to secure your domain. If you do not already own one, you can provision a free public SSL/TLS certificate through [AWS Certificate Manager](https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager/)(ACM) for use with the [Elastic Load Balancer](#load-balancer) we'll create.
NOTE: ### Install Omnibus GitLab on AWS EC2 (HA)
It can take a few hours to validate a certificate provisioned through ACM. To avoid delays later, request your certificate as soon as possible.
## Architecture [Omnibus GitLab on AWS EC2 (HA)](manual_install_aws.md) - instructions for installing GitLab on EC2 instances. Manual instructions from which you may build out a GitLab instance or create your own Infrastructure as Code (IaC).
Below is a diagram of the recommended architecture. ### Gitaly SRE considerations for AWS
![AWS architecture diagram](img/aws_ha_architecture_diagram.png) [Gitaly SRE Considerations for AWS](gitaly_on_aws.md) - important information for implementing and managing GitLab Gitaly on AWS.
## AWS costs ### EKS cluster provisioning best practices
GitLab uses the following AWS services, with links to pricing information: [EKS Cluster Provisioning Patterns](eks_clusters_aws.md) - considerations for setting up EKS cluster for runners and for integrating.
- **EC2**: GitLab is deployed on shared hardware, for which ## Additional details on implementation patterns
[on-demand pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/) applies.
If you want to run GitLab on a dedicated or reserved instance, see the
[EC2 pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/) for information about
its cost.
- **S3**: GitLab uses S3 ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/)) to
store backups, artifacts, and LFS objects.
- **ELB**: A Classic Load Balancer ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/pricing/)),
used to route requests to the GitLab instances.
- **RDS**: An Amazon Relational Database Service using PostgreSQL
([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/postgresql/pricing/)).
- **ElastiCache**: An in-memory cache environment ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/pricing/)),
used to provide a Redis configuration.
## Create an IAM EC2 instance role and profile GitLab implementation patterns build upon [GitLab Reference Architectures](../../administration/reference_architectures/index.md) in the following ways.
As we'll be using [Amazon S3 object storage](#amazon-s3-object-storage), our EC2 instances need to have read, write, and list permissions for our S3 buckets. To avoid embedding AWS keys in our GitLab configuration, we'll make use of an [IAM Role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html) to allow our GitLab instance with this access. We'll need to create an IAM policy to attach to our IAM role: ### Cloud platform well architected compliance
### Create an IAM Policy Testing-backed architectural qualification is a fundamental concept behind implementation patterns:
1. Navigate to the IAM dashboard and click on **Policies** in the left menu. - Implementation patterns maintain GitLab Reference Architecture compliance and provide [GitLab Performance Tool](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance) (gpt) reports to demonstrate adherance to them.
1. Click **Create policy**, select the `JSON` tab, and add a policy. We want to [follow security best practices and grant _least privilege_](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html#grant-least-privilege), giving our role only the permissions needed to perform the required actions. - Implementation patterns may be qualified by and/or contributed to by the technology vendor. For instance, an implementation pattern for AWS may be officially reviewed by AWS.
1. Assuming you prefix the S3 bucket names with `gl-` as shown in the diagram, add the following policy: - Implementation patterns may specify and test Cloud Platform PaaS services for suitability for GitLab. This testing can be coordinated and help qualify these technologies for Reference Architectures. For instance, qualifying compatibility with and availability of runtime versions of top level PaaS such as those for PostgreSQL and Redis.
- Implementation patterns can provided qualified testing for platform limitations, for example, ensuring Gitaly Cluster can work correctly on specific Cloud Platform availability zone latency and throughput characteristics or qualifying what levels of available platform partner local disk performance is workable for Gitaly server to operate with integrity.
```json ### Platform partner specificity
{ "Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:PutObject",
"s3:GetObject",
"s3:DeleteObject",
"s3:PutObjectAcl"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::gl-*/*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:ListBucket",
"s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
"s3:ListMultipartUploadParts",
"s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::gl-*"
}
]
}
```
1. Click **Review policy**, give your policy a name (we'll use `gl-s3-policy`), and click **Create policy**. Implementation patterns enable platform-specific terminology, best practice architecture, and platform-specific build manifests:
### Create an IAM Role - Implementation patterns are more vendor specific. For instance, advising specific compute instances / VMs / nodes instead of vCPUs or other generalized measures.
- Implementation patterns are oriented to implementing good architecture for the vendor in view.
- Implementation patterns are written to an audience who is familiar with building on the infrastructure that the implementation pattern targets. For example, if the implementation pattern is for GCP, the specific terminology of GCP is used - including using the specific names for PaaS services.
- Implementation patterns can test and qualify if the versions of PaaS available are compatible with GitLab (for example, PostgreSQL, Redis, etc.).
1. Still on the IAM dashboard, click on **Roles** in the left menu, and ### Platform as a Service (PaaS) specification and usage
click **Create role**.
1. Create a new role by selecting **AWS service > EC2**, then click
**Next: Permissions**.
1. In the policy filter, search for the `gl-s3-policy` we created above, select it, and click **Tags**.
1. Add tags if needed and click **Review**.
1. Give the role a name (we'll use `GitLabS3Access`) and click **Create Role**.
We'll use this role when we [create a launch configuration](#create-a-launch-configuration) later on. Platform as a Service options are a huge portion of the value provided by Cloud Platforms as they simplify operational complexity and reduce the SRE and security skilling required to operate advanced, highly available technology services. Implementation patterns can be prequalified against the partner PaaS options.
## Configuring the network - Implementation patterns help implementers understand what PaaS options are known to work and how to choose between PaaS solutions when a single platform has more than one PaaS option for the same GitLab role (for example, AWS RDS versus AWS Aurora RDS).
- For instance, where reference architectures do not have a specific recommendation on what technology is leveraged for GitLab outbound email services or what the sizing should be - a Reference Implementation may advise using a cloud providers Email as a Service (PaaS) and possibly even with specific settings.
We'll start by creating a VPC for our GitLab cloud infrastructure, then ### Cost optimizing engineering
we can create subnets to have public and private instances in at least
two [Availability Zones (AZs)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-regions-availability-zones.html). Public subnets will require a Route Table keep and an associated
Internet Gateway.
### Creating the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Cost engineering is a fundamental aspect of Cloud Architecture and frequently the savings capabilities available on a platform exert strong influence on how to build out scaled computing.
We'll now create a VPC, a virtual networking environment that you'll control: - Implementation patterns may define GPT tested autoscaling for various aspects of GitLab infrastructure, including minimum idling configurations and scaling speeds.
- Implementation patterns may provide GPT testing for advised configurations that go beyond the scope of reference architectures, for instance GPT tested elastic scaling configurations for Cloud Native Hybrid that enable lower resourcing during periods of lower usage (for example on the weekend).
- Implementation patterns may engineer specifically for the savings models available on a platform provider. An AWS example would be maximizing the occurrence of a specific instance type for taking advantage of reserved instances.
- Implementation patterns may leverage ephemeral compute where appropriate and with appropriate customer guidelines. For instance, a Kubernetes node group dedicated to runners on ephemeral compute (with appropriate GitLab Runner tagging to indicate the compute type).
- Implementation patterns may include vendor specific cost calculators.
1. Sign in to [Amazon Web Services](https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/home). ### Actionability and automatability orientation
1. Select **Your VPCs** from the left menu and then click **Create VPC**.
At the "Name tag" enter `gitlab-vpc` and at the "IPv4 CIDR block" enter
`10.0.0.0/16`. If you don't require dedicated hardware, you can leave
"Tenancy" as default. Click **Yes, Create** when ready.
![Create VPC](img/create_vpc.png) Implementation patterns are one step closer to specifics that can be used as a source for build instructions and automation code:
1. Select the VPC, click **Actions**, click **Edit DNS resolution**, and enable DNS resolution. Hit **Save** when done. - Implementation patterns enable builders to generate a list of vendor specific resources required to implement GitLab for a given Reference Architecture.
- Implementation patterns enable builders to use manual instructions or to create automation to build out the reference implementation.
### Subnets ## Supplementary implementation patterns
Now, let's create some subnets in different Availability Zones. Make sure Implementation patterns may also provide specialized implementations beyond the scope of reference architecture compliance, especially where the cost of enablement can be more appropriately managed.
that each subnet is associated to the VPC we just created and
that CIDR blocks don't overlap. This will also
allow us to enable multi AZ for redundancy.
We will create private and public subnets to match load balancers and For example:
RDS instances as well:
1. Select **Subnets** from the left menu. - Small, self-contained GitLab instances for per-person admin training, perhaps on Kubernetes so that a deployment cluster is self-contained as well.
1. Click **Create subnet**. Give it a descriptive name tag based on the IP, - GitLab Runner implementation patterns, including using platform-specific PaaS.
for example `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0`, select the VPC we created previously, select an availability zone (we'll use `us-west-2a`),
and at the IPv4 CIDR block let's give it a 24 subnet `10.0.0.0/24`:
![Create subnet](img/create_subnet.png)
1. Follow the same steps to create all subnets:
| Name tag | Type | Availability Zone | CIDR block |
| ------------------------- | ------- | ----------------- | ------------- |
| `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` | public | `us-west-2a` | `10.0.0.0/24` |
| `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` | private | `us-west-2a` | `10.0.1.0/24` |
| `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0` | public | `us-west-2b` | `10.0.2.0/24` |
| `gitlab-private-10.0.3.0` | private | `us-west-2b` | `10.0.3.0/24` |
1. Once all the subnets are created, enable **Auto-assign IPv4** for the two public subnets: ## Intended audiences and contributors
1. Select each public subnet in turn, click **Actions**, and click **Modify auto-assign IP settings**. Enable the option and save.
### Internet Gateway
Now, still on the same dashboard, go to Internet Gateways and
create a new one:
1. Select **Internet Gateways** from the left menu. The primary audiences for and contributors to this information is the GitLab **Implementation Eco System** which consists of at least:
1. Click **Create internet gateway**, give it the name `gitlab-gateway` and
click **Create**.
1. Select it from the table, and then under the **Actions** dropdown choose
"Attach to VPC".
![Create gateway](img/create_gateway.png)
1. Choose `gitlab-vpc` from the list and hit **Attach**.
### Create NAT Gateways
Instances deployed in our private subnets need to connect to the internet for updates, but should not be reachable from the public internet. To achieve this, we'll make use of [NAT Gateways](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/vpc-nat-gateway.html) deployed in each of our public subnets:
1. Navigate to the VPC dashboard and click on **NAT Gateways** in the left menu bar.
1. Click **Create NAT Gateway** and complete the following:
1. **Subnet**: Select `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` from the dropdown.
1. **Elastic IP Allocation ID**: Enter an existing Elastic IP or click **Allocate Elastic IP address** to allocate a new IP to your NAT gateway.
1. Add tags if needed.
1. Click **Create NAT Gateway**.
Create a second NAT gateway but this time place it in the second public subnet, `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0`. GitLab Implementation Community:
### Route Tables - Customers
- GitLab Channel Partners (Integrators)
- Platform Partners
#### Public Route Table GitLab Internal Implementation Teams:
We need to create a route table for our public subnets to reach the internet via the internet gateway we created in the previous step. - Quality / Distribution / Self-Managed
- Alliances
On the VPC dashboard: - Training
- Support
1. Select **Route Tables** from the left menu. - Professional Services
1. Click **Create Route Table**. - Public Sector
1. At the "Name tag" enter `gitlab-public` and choose `gitlab-vpc` under "VPC".
1. Click **Create**.
We now need to add our internet gateway as a new target and have
it receive traffic from any destination.
1. Select **Route Tables** from the left menu and select the `gitlab-public`
route to show the options at the bottom.
1. Select the **Routes** tab, click **Edit routes > Add route** and set `0.0.0.0/0`
as the destination. In the target column, select the `gitlab-gateway` we created previously.
Hit **Save routes** once done.
Next, we must associate the **public** subnets to the route table:
1. Select the **Subnet Associations** tab and click **Edit subnet associations**.
1. Check only the public subnets and click **Save**.
#### Private Route Tables
We also need to create two private route tables so that instances in each private subnet can reach the internet via the NAT gateway in the corresponding public subnet in the same availability zone.
1. Follow the same steps as above to create two private route tables. Name them `gitlab-private-a` and `gitlab-private-b` respectively.
1. Next, add a new route to each of the private route tables where the destination is `0.0.0.0/0` and the target is one of the NAT gateways we created earlier.
1. Add the NAT gateway we created in `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` as the target for the new route in the `gitlab-private-a` route table.
1. Similarly, add the NAT gateway in `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0` as the target for the new route in the `gitlab-private-b`.
1. Lastly, associate each private subnet with a private route table.
1. Associate `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` with `gitlab-private-a`.
1. Associate `gitlab-private-10.0.3.0` with `gitlab-private-b`.
## Load Balancer
We'll create a load balancer to evenly distribute inbound traffic on ports `80` and `443` across our GitLab application servers. Based the on the [scaling policies](#create-an-auto-scaling-group) we'll create later, instances will be added to or removed from our load balancer as needed. Additionally, the load balance will perform health checks on our instances.
On the EC2 dashboard, look for Load Balancer in the left navigation bar:
1. Click the **Create Load Balancer** button.
1. Choose the **Classic Load Balancer**.
1. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-loadbalancer`) and for the **Create LB Inside** option, select `gitlab-vpc` from the dropdown menu.
1. In the **Listeners** section, set the following listeners:
- HTTP port 80 for both load balancer and instance protocol and ports
- TCP port 22 for both load balancer and instance protocols and ports
- HTTPS port 443 for load balancer protocol and ports, forwarding to HTTP port 80 on the instance (we will configure GitLab to listen on port 80 [later in the guide](#add-support-for-proxied-ssl))
1. In the **Select Subnets** section, select both public subnets from the list so that the load balancer can route traffic to both availability zones.
1. We'll add a security group for our load balancer to act as a firewall to control what traffic is allowed through. Click **Assign Security Groups** and select **Create a new security group**, give it a name
(we'll use `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group`) and description, and allow both HTTP and HTTPS traffic
from anywhere (`0.0.0.0/0, ::/0`). Also allow SSH traffic, select a custom source, and add a single trusted IP address or an IP address range in CIDR notation. This will allow users to perform Git actions over SSH.
1. Click **Configure Security Settings** and set the following:
1. Select an SSL/TLS certificate from ACM or upload a certificate to IAM.
1. Under **Select a Cipher**, pick a predefined security policy from the dropdown. You can see a breakdown of [Predefined SSL Security Policies for Classic Load Balancers](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/classic/elb-security-policy-table.html) in the AWS docs. Check the GitLab codebase for a list of [supported SSL ciphers and protocols](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/9ee7ad433269b37251e0dd5b5e00a0f00d8126b4/lib/support/nginx/gitlab-ssl#L97-99).
1. Click **Configure Health Check** and set up a health check for your EC2 instances.
1. For **Ping Protocol**, select HTTP.
1. For **Ping Port**, enter 80.
1. For **Ping Path**, enter `/users/sign_in`. (We use `/users/sign_in` as it's a public endpoint that does
not require authentication.)
1. Keep the default **Advanced Details** or adjust them according to your needs.
1. Click **Add EC2 Instances** - don't add anything as we will create an Auto Scaling Group later to manage instances for us.
1. Click **Add Tags** and add any tags you need.
1. Click **Review and Create**, review all your settings, and click **Create** if you're happy.
After the Load Balancer is up and running, you can revisit your Security
Groups to refine the access only through the ELB and any other requirements
you might have.
### Configure DNS for Load Balancer
On the Route 53 dashboard, click **Hosted zones** in the left navigation bar:
1. Select an existing hosted zone or, if you do not already have one for your domain, click **Create Hosted Zone**, enter your domain name, and click **Create**.
1. Click **Create Record Set** and provide the following values:
1. **Name:** Use the domain name (the default value) or enter a subdomain.
1. **Type:** Select **A - IPv4 address**.
1. **Alias:** Defaults to **No**. Select **Yes**.
1. **Alias Target:** Find the **ELB Classic Load Balancers** section and select the classic load balancer we created earlier.
1. **Routing Policy:** We'll use **Simple** but you can choose a different policy based on your use case.
1. **Evaluate Target Health:** We'll set this to **No** but you can choose to have the load balancer route traffic based on target health.
1. Click **Create**.
1. If you registered your domain through Route 53, you're done. If you used a different domain registrar, you need to update your DNS records with your domain registrar. You'll need to:
1. Click on **Hosted zones** and select the domain you added above.
1. You'll see a list of `NS` records. From your domain registrar's administrator panel, add each of these as `NS` records to your domain's DNS records. These steps may vary between domain registrars. If you're stuck, Google **"name of your registrar" add DNS records** and you should find a help article specific to your domain registrar.
The steps for doing this vary depending on which registrar you use and is beyond the scope of this guide.
## PostgreSQL with RDS
For our database server we will use Amazon RDS which offers Multi AZ
for redundancy. First we'll create a security group and subnet group, then we'll
create the actual RDS instance.
### RDS Security Group
We need a security group for our database that will allow inbound traffic from the instances we'll deploy in our `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` later on:
1. From the EC2 dashboard, select **Security Groups** from the left menu bar.
1. Click **Create security group**.
1. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-rds-sec-group`), a description, and select the `gitlab-vpc` from the **VPC** dropdown.
1. In the **Inbound rules** section, click **Add rule** and set the following:
1. **Type:** search for and select the **PostgreSQL** rule.
1. **Source type:** set as "Custom".
1. **Source:** select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. When done, click **Create security group**.
### RDS Subnet Group
1. Navigate to the RDS dashboard and select **Subnet Groups** from the left menu.
1. Click on **Create DB Subnet Group**.
1. Under **Subnet group details**, enter a name (we'll use `gitlab-rds-group`), a description, and choose the `gitlab-vpc` from the VPC dropdown.
1. From the **Availability Zones** dropdown, select the Availability Zones that include the subnets you've configured. In our case, we'll add `eu-west-2a` and `eu-west-2b`.
1. From the **Subnets** dropdown, select the two private subnets (`10.0.1.0/24` and `10.0.3.0/24`) as we defined them in the [subnets section](#subnets).
1. Click **Create** when ready.
### Create the database
WARNING:
Avoid using burstable instances (t class instances) for the database as this could lead to performance issues due to CPU credits running out during sustained periods of high load.
Now, it's time to create the database:
1. Navigate to the RDS dashboard, select **Databases** from the left menu, and click **Create database**.
1. Select **Standard Create** for the database creation method.
1. Select **PostgreSQL** as the database engine and select the minimum PostgreSQL version as defined for your GitLab version in our [database requirements](../../install/requirements.md#postgresql-requirements).
1. Since this is a production server, let's choose **Production** from the **Templates** section.
1. Under **Settings**, set a DB instance identifier, a master username, and a master password. We'll use `gitlab-db-ha`, `gitlab`, and a very secure password respectively. Make a note of these as we'll need them later.
1. For the DB instance size, select **Standard classes** and select an instance size that meets your requirements from the dropdown menu. We'll use a `db.m4.large` instance.
1. Under **Storage**, configure the following:
1. Select **Provisioned IOPS (SSD)** from the storage type dropdown menu. Provisioned IOPS (SSD) storage is best suited for this use (though you can choose General Purpose (SSD) to reduce the costs). Read more about it at [Storage for Amazon RDS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Storage.html).
1. Allocate storage and set provisioned IOPS. We'll use the minimum values, `100` and `1000`, respectively.
1. Enable storage autoscaling (optional) and set a maximum storage threshold.
1. Under **Availability & durability**, select **Create a standby instance** to have a standby RDS instance provisioned in a different [Availability Zone](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.MultiAZ.html).
1. Under **Connectivity**, configure the following:
1. Select the VPC we created earlier (`gitlab-vpc`) from the **Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)** dropdown menu.
1. Expand the **Additional connectivity configuration** section and select the subnet group (`gitlab-rds-group`) we created earlier.
1. Set public accessibility to **No**.
1. Under **VPC security group**, select **Choose existing** and select the `gitlab-rds-sec-group` we create above from the dropdown.
1. Leave the database port as the default `5432`.
1. For **Database authentication**, select **Password authentication**.
1. Expand the **Additional configuration** section and complete the following:
1. The initial database name. We'll use `gitlabhq_production`.
1. Configure your preferred backup settings.
1. The only other change we'll make here is to disable auto minor version updates under **Maintenance**.
1. Leave all the other settings as is or tweak according to your needs.
1. Once you're happy, click **Create database**.
Now that the database is created, let's move on to setting up Redis with ElastiCache.
## Redis with ElastiCache
ElastiCache is an in-memory hosted caching solution. Redis maintains its own
persistence and is used to store session data, temporary cache information, and background job queues for the GitLab application.
### Create a Redis Security Group
1. Navigate to the EC2 dashboard.
1. Select **Security Groups** from the left menu.
1. Click **Create security group** and fill in the details. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-redis-sec-group`),
add a description, and choose the VPC we created previously
1. In the **Inbound rules** section, click **Add rule** and add a **Custom TCP** rule, set port `6379`, and set the "Custom" source as the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. When done, click **Create security group**.
### Redis Subnet Group
1. Navigate to the ElastiCache dashboard from your AWS console.
1. Go to **Subnet Groups** in the left menu, and create a new subnet group (we'll name ours `gitlab-redis-group`).
Make sure to select our VPC and its [private subnets](#subnets). Click
**Create** when ready.
![ElastiCache subnet](img/ec_subnet.png)
### Create the Redis Cluster
1. Navigate back to the ElastiCache dashboard.
1. Select **Redis** on the left menu and click **Create** to create a new
Redis cluster. Do not enable **Cluster Mode** as it is [not supported](../../administration/redis/replication_and_failover_external.md#requirements). Even without cluster mode on, you still get the
chance to deploy Redis in multiple availability zones.
1. In the settings section:
1. Give the cluster a name (`gitlab-redis`) and a description.
1. For the version, select the latest of `5.0` series (e.g., `5.0.6`).
1. Leave the port as `6379` since this is what we used in our Redis security group above.
1. Select the node type (at least `cache.t3.medium`, but adjust to your needs) and the number of replicas.
1. In the advanced settings section:
1. Select the multi-AZ auto-failover option.
1. Select the subnet group we created previously.
1. Manually select the preferred availability zones, and under "Replica 2"
choose a different zone than the other two.
![Redis availability zones](img/ec_az.png)
1. In the security settings, edit the security groups and choose the
`gitlab-redis-sec-group` we had previously created.
1. Leave the rest of the settings to their default values or edit to your liking.
1. When done, click **Create**.
## Setting up Bastion Hosts
Since our GitLab instances will be in private subnets, we need a way to connect to these instances via SSH to make configuration changes, perform upgrades, etc. One way of doing this is via a [bastion host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastion_host), sometimes also referred to as a jump box.
NOTE:
If you do not want to maintain bastion hosts, you can set up [AWS Systems Manager Session Manager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/session-manager.html) for access to instances. This is beyond the scope of this document.
### Create Bastion Host A
1. Navigate to the EC2 Dashboard and click on **Launch instance**.
1. Select the **Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM)** AMI.
1. Choose an instance type. We'll use a `t2.micro` as we'll only use the bastion host to SSH into our other instances.
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**.
1. Under **Network**, select the `gitlab-vpc` from the dropdown menu.
1. Under **Subnet**, select the public subnet we created earlier (`gitlab-public-10.0.0.0`).
1. Double check that under **Auto-assign Public IP** you have **Use subnet setting (Enable)** selected.
1. Leave everything else as default and click **Add Storage**.
1. For storage, we'll leave everything as default and only add an 8GB root volume. We won't store anything on this instance.
1. Click **Add Tags** and on the next screen click **Add Tag**.
1. We'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: Bastion Host A`.
1. Click **Configure Security Group**.
1. Select **Create a new security group**, enter a **Security group name** (we'll use `bastion-sec-group`), and add a description.
1. We'll enable SSH access from anywhere (`0.0.0.0/0`). If you want stricter security, specify a single IP address or an IP address range in CIDR notation.
1. Click **Review and Launch**
1. Review all your settings and, if you're happy, click **Launch**.
1. Acknowledge that you have access to an existing key pair or create a new one. Click **Launch Instance**.
Confirm that you can SSH into the instance:
1. On the EC2 Dashboard, click on **Instances** in the left menu.
1. Select **Bastion Host A** from your list of instances.
1. Click **Connect** and follow the connection instructions.
1. If you are able to connect successfully, let's move on to setting up our second bastion host for redundancy.
### Create Bastion Host B
1. Create an EC2 instance following the same steps as above with the following changes:
1. For the **Subnet**, select the second public subnet we created earlier (`gitlab-public-10.0.2.0`).
1. Under the **Add Tags** section, we'll set `Key: Name` and `Value: Bastion Host B` so that we can easily identify our two instances.
1. For the security group, select the existing `bastion-sec-group` we created above.
### Use SSH Agent Forwarding
EC2 instances running Linux use private key files for SSH authentication. You'll connect to your bastion host using an SSH client and the private key file stored on your client. Since the private key file is not present on the bastion host, you will not be able to connect to your instances in private subnets.
Storing private key files on your bastion host is a bad idea. To get around this, use SSH agent forwarding on your client. See [Securely Connect to Linux Instances Running in a Private Amazon VPC](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/securely-connect-to-linux-instances-running-in-a-private-amazon-vpc/) for a step-by-step guide on how to use SSH agent forwarding.
## Install GitLab and create custom AMI
We will need a preconfigured, custom GitLab AMI to use in our launch configuration later. As a starting point, we will use the official GitLab AMI to create a GitLab instance. Then, we'll add our custom configuration for PostgreSQL, Redis, and Gitaly. If you prefer, instead of using the official GitLab AMI, you can also spin up an EC2 instance of your choosing and [manually install GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/install/).
### Install GitLab
From the EC2 dashboard:
1. Use the section below titled "[Find official GitLab-created AMI IDs on AWS](#find-official-gitlab-created-ami-ids-on-aws)" to find the correct AMI to launch.
1. After clicking **Launch** on the desired AMI, select an instance type based on your workload. Consult the [hardware requirements](../../install/requirements.md#hardware-requirements) to choose one that fits your needs (at least `c5.xlarge`, which is sufficient to accommodate 100 users).
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**:
1. In the **Network** dropdown, select `gitlab-vpc`, the VPC we created earlier.
1. In the **Subnet** dropdown, select `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` from the list of subnets we created earlier.
1. Double check that **Auto-assign Public IP** is set to `Use subnet setting (Disable)`.
1. Click **Add Storage**.
1. The root volume is 8GiB by default and should be enough given that we won't store any data there.
1. Click **Add Tags** and add any tags you may need. In our case, we'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: GitLab`.
1. Click **Configure Security Group**. Check **Select an existing security group** and select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. Click **Review and launch** followed by **Launch** if you're happy with your settings.
1. Finally, acknowledge that you have access to the selected private key file or create a new one. Click **Launch Instances**.
### Add custom configuration
Connect to your GitLab instance via **Bastion Host A** using [SSH Agent Forwarding](#use-ssh-agent-forwarding). Once connected, add the following custom configuration:
#### Disable Let's Encrypt
Since we're adding our SSL certificate at the load balancer, we do not need the GitLab built-in support for Let's Encrypt. Let's Encrypt [is enabled by default](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#lets-encrypt-integration) when using an `https` domain in GitLab 10.7 and later, so we need to explicitly disable it:
1. Open `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and disable it:
```ruby
letsencrypt['enable'] = false
```
1. Save the file and reconfigure for the changes to take effect:
```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
#### Install the required extensions for PostgreSQL
From your GitLab instance, connect to the RDS instance to verify access and to install the required `pg_trgm` and `btree_gist` extensions.
To find the host or endpoint, navigate to **Amazon RDS > Databases** and click on the database you created earlier. Look for the endpoint under the **Connectivity & security** tab.
Do not to include the colon and port number:
```shell
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql -U gitlab -h <rds-endpoint> -d gitlabhq_production
```
At the `psql` prompt create the extension and then quit the session:
```shell
psql (10.9)
Type "help" for help.
gitlab=# CREATE EXTENSION pg_trgm;
gitlab=# CREATE EXTENSION btree_gist;
gitlab=# \q
```
#### Configure GitLab to connect to PostgreSQL and Redis
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`, find the `external_url 'http://<domain>'` option
and change it to the `https` domain you will be using.
1. Look for the GitLab database settings and uncomment as necessary. In
our current case we'll specify the database adapter, encoding, host, name,
username, and password:
```ruby
# Disable the built-in Postgres
postgresql['enable'] = false
# Fill in the connection details
gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = "postgresql"
gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = "unicode"
gitlab_rails['db_database'] = "gitlabhq_production"
gitlab_rails['db_username'] = "gitlab"
gitlab_rails['db_password'] = "mypassword"
gitlab_rails['db_host'] = "<rds-endpoint>"
```
1. Next, we need to configure the Redis section by adding the host and
uncommenting the port:
```ruby
# Disable the built-in Redis
redis['enable'] = false
# Fill in the connection details
gitlab_rails['redis_host'] = "<redis-endpoint>"
gitlab_rails['redis_port'] = 6379
```
1. Finally, reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect:
```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
1. You might also find it useful to run a check and a service status to make sure
everything has been setup correctly:
```shell
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:check
sudo gitlab-ctl status
```
#### Set up Gitaly
WARNING:
In this architecture, having a single Gitaly server creates a single point of failure. Use
[Gitaly Cluster](../../administration/gitaly/praefect.md) to remove this limitation.
Gitaly is a service that provides high-level RPC access to Git repositories.
It should be enabled and configured on a separate EC2 instance in one of the
[private subnets](#subnets) we configured previously.
Let's create an EC2 instance where we'll install Gitaly:
1. From the EC2 dashboard, click **Launch instance**.
1. Choose an AMI. In this example, we'll select the **Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type**.
1. Choose an instance type. We'll pick a `c5.xlarge`.
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**.
1. In the **Network** dropdown, select `gitlab-vpc`, the VPC we created earlier.
1. In the **Subnet** dropdown, select `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` from the list of subnets we created earlier.
1. Double check that **Auto-assign Public IP** is set to `Use subnet setting (Disable)`.
1. Click **Add Storage**.
1. Increase the Root volume size to `20 GiB` and change the **Volume Type** to `Provisoned IOPS SSD (io1)`. (This is an arbitrary size. Create a volume big enough for your repository storage requirements.)
1. For **IOPS** set `1000` (20 GiB x 50 IOPS). You can provision up to 50 IOPS per GiB. If you select a larger volume, increase the IOPS accordingly. Workloads where many small files are written in a serialized manner, like `git`, requires performant storage, hence the choice of `Provisoned IOPS SSD (io1)`.
1. Click on **Add Tags** and add your tags. In our case, we'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: Gitaly`.
1. Click on **Configure Security Group** and let's **Create a new security group**.
1. Give your security group a name and description. We'll use `gitlab-gitaly-sec-group` for both.
1. Create a **Custom TCP** rule and add port `8075` to the **Port Range**. For the **Source**, select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group`.
1. Also add an inbound rule for SSH from the `bastion-sec-group` so that we can connect using [SSH Agent Forwarding](#use-ssh-agent-forwarding) from the Bastion hosts.
1. Click **Review and launch** followed by **Launch** if you're happy with your settings.
1. Finally, acknowledge that you have access to the selected private key file or create a new one. Click **Launch Instances**.
NOTE:
Instead of storing configuration _and_ repository data on the root volume, you can also choose to add an additional EBS volume for repository storage. Follow the same guidance as above. See the [Amazon EBS pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ebs/pricing/). We do not recommend using EFS as it may negatively impact the performance of GitLab. You can review the [relevant documentation](../../administration/nfs.md#avoid-using-cloud-based-file-systems) for more details.
Now that we have our EC2 instance ready, follow the [documentation to install GitLab and set up Gitaly on its own server](../../administration/gitaly/configure_gitaly.md#run-gitaly-on-its-own-server). Perform the client setup steps from that document on the [GitLab instance we created](#install-gitlab) above.
#### Add Support for Proxied SSL
As we are terminating SSL at our [load balancer](#load-balancer), follow the steps at [Supporting proxied SSL](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#supporting-proxied-ssl) to configure this in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`.
Remember to run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after saving the changes to the `gitlab.rb` file.
#### Fast lookup of authorized SSH keys
The public SSH keys for users allowed to access GitLab are stored in `/var/opt/gitlab/.ssh/authorized_keys`. Typically we'd use shared storage so that all the instances are able to access this file when a user performs a Git action over SSH. Since we do not have shared storage in our setup, we'll update our configuration to authorize SSH users via indexed lookup in the GitLab database.
Follow the instructions at [Setting up fast lookup via GitLab Shell](../../administration/operations/fast_ssh_key_lookup.md#setting-up-fast-lookup-via-gitlab-shell) to switch from using the `authorized_keys` file to the database.
If you do not configure fast lookup, Git actions over SSH will result in the following error:
```shell
Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.
```
#### Configure host keys
Ordinarily we would manually copy the contents (primary and public keys) of `/etc/ssh/` on the primary application server to `/etc/ssh` on all secondary servers. This prevents false man-in-the-middle-attack alerts when accessing servers in your cluster behind a load balancer.
We'll automate this by creating static host keys as part of our custom AMI. As these host keys are also rotated every time an EC2 instance boots up, "hard coding" them into our custom AMI serves as a handy workaround.
On your GitLab instance run the following:
```shell
sudo mkdir /etc/ssh_static
sudo cp -R /etc/ssh/* /etc/ssh_static
```
In `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` update the following:
```shell
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_ed25519_key
```
#### Amazon S3 object storage
Since we're not using NFS for shared storage, we will use [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/) buckets to store backups, artifacts, LFS objects, uploads, merge request diffs, container registry images, and more. Our documentation includes [instructions on how to configure object storage](../../administration/object_storage.md) for each of these data types, and other information about using object storage with GitLab.
NOTE:
Since we are using the [AWS IAM profile](#create-an-iam-role) we created earlier, be sure to omit the AWS access key and secret access key/value pairs when configuring object storage. Instead, use `'use_iam_profile' => true` in your configuration as shown in the object storage documentation linked above.
Remember to run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after saving the changes to the `gitlab.rb` file.
NOTE:
One current feature of GitLab that still requires a shared directory (NFS) is
[GitLab Pages](../../user/project/pages/index.md).
There is [work in progress](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-pages/-/issues/196)
to eliminate the need for NFS to support GitLab Pages.
---
That concludes the configuration changes for our GitLab instance. Next, we'll create a custom AMI based on this instance to use for our launch configuration and auto scaling group.
### Log in for the first time
Using the domain name you used when setting up [DNS for the load balancer](#configure-dns-for-load-balancer), you should now be able to visit GitLab in your browser.
If you didn't change the password by any other means, the default password will be the same as the instance ID. To change the default password, login as the `root` user
with the default password and [change it in the user profile](../../user/profile#change-your-password).
When our [auto scaling group](#create-an-auto-scaling-group) spins up new instances, we'll be able to log in with username `root` and the newly created password.
### Create custom AMI
On the EC2 dashboard:
1. Select the `GitLab` instance we [created earlier](#install-gitlab).
1. Click on **Actions**, scroll down to **Image** and click **Create Image**.
1. Give your image a name and description (we'll use `GitLab-Source` for both).
1. Leave everything else as default and click **Create Image**
Now we have a custom AMI that we'll use to create our launch configuration the next step.
## Deploy GitLab inside an auto scaling group
### Create a launch configuration
From the EC2 dashboard:
1. Select **Launch Configurations** from the left menu and click **Create launch configuration**.
1. Select **My AMIs** from the left menu and select the `GitLab` custom AMI we created above.
1. Select an instance type best suited for your needs (at least a `c5.xlarge`) and click **Configure details**.
1. Enter a name for your launch configuration (we'll use `gitlab-ha-launch-config`).
1. **Do not** check **Request Spot Instance**.
1. From the **IAM Role** dropdown, pick the `GitLabAdmin` instance role we [created earlier](#create-an-iam-ec2-instance-role-and-profile).
1. Leave the rest as defaults and click **Add Storage**.
1. The root volume is 8GiB by default and should be enough given that we won't store any data there. Click **Configure Security Group**.
1. Check **Select and existing security group** and select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. Click **Review**, review your changes, and click **Create launch configuration**.
1. Acknowledge that you have access to the private key or create a new one. Click **Create launch configuration**.
### Create an auto scaling group
1. As soon as the launch configuration is created, you'll see an option to **Create an Auto Scaling group using this launch configuration**. Click that to start creating the auto scaling group.
1. Enter a **Group name** (we'll use `gitlab-auto-scaling-group`).
1. For **Group size**, enter the number of instances you want to start with (we'll enter `2`).
1. Select the `gitlab-vpc` from the **Network** dropdown.
1. Add both the private [subnets we created earlier](#subnets).
1. Expand the **Advanced Details** section and check the **Receive traffic from one or more load balancers** option.
1. From the **Classic Load Balancers** dropdown, select the load balancer we created earlier.
1. For **Health Check Type**, select **ELB**.
1. We'll leave our **Health Check Grace Period** as the default `300` seconds. Click **Configure scaling policies**.
1. Check **Use scaling policies to adjust the capacity of this group**.
1. For this group we'll scale between 2 and 4 instances where one instance will be added if CPU
utilization is greater than 60% and one instance is removed if it falls
to less than 45%.
![Auto scaling group policies](img/policies.png)
1. Finally, configure notifications and tags as you see fit, review your changes, and create the
auto scaling group.
As the auto scaling group is created, you'll see your new instances spinning up in your EC2 dashboard. You'll also see the new instances added to your load balancer. Once the instances pass the heath check, they are ready to start receiving traffic from the load balancer.
Since our instances are created by the auto scaling group, go back to your instances and terminate the [instance we created manually above](#install-gitlab). We only needed this instance to create our custom AMI.
## Health check and monitoring with Prometheus
Apart from Amazon's Cloudwatch which you can enable on various services,
GitLab provides its own integrated monitoring solution based on Prometheus.
For more information on how to set it up, visit the
[GitLab Prometheus documentation](../../administration/monitoring/prometheus/index.md)
GitLab also has various [health check endpoints](../../user/admin_area/monitoring/health_check.md)
that you can ping and get reports.
## GitLab Runner
If you want to take advantage of [GitLab CI/CD](../../ci/index.md), you have to
set up at least one [runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/).
Read more on configuring an
[autoscaling GitLab Runner on AWS](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/runner_autoscale_aws/).
## Backup and restore
GitLab provides [a tool to back up](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#back-up-gitlab)
and restore its Git data, database, attachments, LFS objects, and so on.
Some important things to know:
- The backup/restore tool **does not** store some configuration files, like secrets; you'll
need to [configure this yourself](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#storing-configuration-files).
- By default, the backup files are stored locally, but you can
[backup GitLab using S3](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#using-amazon-s3).
- You can [exclude specific directories form the backup](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#excluding-specific-directories-from-the-backup).
### Backing up GitLab
To back up GitLab:
1. SSH into your instance.
1. Take a backup:
```shell
sudo gitlab-backup create
```
NOTE:
For GitLab 12.1 and earlier, use `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create`.
### Restoring GitLab from a backup
To restore GitLab, first review the [restore documentation](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#restore-gitlab),
and primarily the restore prerequisites. Then, follow the steps under the
[Omnibus installations section](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#restore-for-omnibus-gitlab-installations).
## Updating GitLab
GitLab releases a new version every month on the 22nd. Whenever a new version is
released, you can update your GitLab instance:
1. SSH into your instance
1. Take a backup:
```shell
sudo gitlab-backup create
```
NOTE:
For GitLab 12.1 and earlier, use `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create`.
1. Update the repositories and install GitLab:
```shell
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gitlab-ee
```
After a few minutes, the new version should be up and running.
## Find official GitLab-created AMI IDs on AWS
To find the AMIs generated by GitLab:
1. Login to AWS Web Console, so that clicking the links below will take you directly to the AMI list.
1. Pick the edition you want:
- [GitLab Enterprise Edition](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=782774275127;search=GitLab%20EE;sort=desc:name): If you want to unlock the enterprise features, a license is needed. Recommended for this guide.
- [GitLab Community Edition](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=782774275127;search=GitLab%20CE;sort=desc:name): The open source version of GitLab.
- [GitLab Premium or Ultimate Marketplace (Prelicensed)](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;source=Marketplace;search=GitLab%20EE;sort=desc:name): 5 user license built into per-minute billing.
1. AMI IDs are unique per region, so once you've loaded one of the above, select the desired target region in the upper right of the console to see the appropriate AMIs.
1. Once the console is loaded, you can add additional search criteria to narrow further. For instance, `13.` to find only 13.x versions.
1. To launch an EC2 Machine with one of the listed AMIs, check the box at the start of the relevant row, and select the "Launch" button near the top of left of the page.
NOTE:
If you are trying to restore from an older version of GitLab while moving to AWS, find the
[Enterprise and Community Editions Before 11.10.3](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=855262394183;sort=desc:name).
## Conclusion
In this guide, we went mostly through scaling and some redundancy options,
your mileage may vary.
Keep in mind that all solutions come with a trade-off between
cost/complexity and uptime. The more uptime you want, the more complex the solution.
And the more complex the solution, the more work is involved in setting up and
maintaining it.
Have a read through these other resources and feel free to
[open an issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/new)
to request additional material:
- [Scaling GitLab](../../administration/reference_architectures/index.md):
GitLab supports several different types of clustering.
- [Geo replication](../../administration/geo/index.md):
Geo is the solution for widely distributed development teams.
- [Omnibus GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/) - Everything you need to know
about administering your GitLab instance.
- [Upload a license](../../user/admin_area/license.md):
Activate all GitLab Enterprise Edition functionality with a license.
- [Pricing](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/): Pricing for the different tiers.
## Troubleshooting
### Instances are failing health checks
If your instances are failing the load balancer's health checks, verify that they are returning a status `200` from the health check endpoint we configured earlier. Any other status, including redirects (e.g. status `302`) will cause the health check to fail.
You may have to set a password on the `root` user to prevent automatic redirects on the sign-in endpoint before health checks will pass.
### "The change you requested was rejected (422)"
If you see this page when trying to set a password via the web interface, make sure `external_url` in `gitlab.rb` matches the domain you are making a request from, and run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after making any changes to it.
### Some job logs are not uploaded to object storage
When the GitLab deployment is scaled up to more than one node, some job logs may not be uploaded to [object storage](../../administration/object_storage.md) properly. [Incremental logging is required](../../administration/object_storage.md#other-alternatives-to-file-system-storage) for CI to use object storage.
Enable [incremental logging](../../administration/job_logs.md#enable-or-disable-incremental-logging) if it has not already been enabled.
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# Installing GitLab on Amazon Web Services (AWS) (DEPRECATED) **(FREE SELF)**
This page offers a walkthrough of a common configuration for GitLab on AWS using the official GitLab Linux package. You should customize it to accommodate your needs.
NOTE:
For organizations with 1,000 users or less, the recommended AWS installation method is to launch an EC2 single box [Omnibus Installation](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) and implement a snapshot strategy for backing up the data. See the [1,000 user reference architecture](../../administration/reference_architectures/1k_users.md) for more.
NOTE:
The [GitLab Environment Toolkit (GET)](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/gitlab-environment-toolkit/-/tree/master) is GitLabs internal effort to create a multi-cloud, multi-GitLab toolkit to provision GitLab. It can be used to deploy Omnibus GitLab on AWS. GET is developed by GitLab developers and is open to community contributions.
## Introduction
For the most part, we'll make use of Omnibus GitLab in our setup, but we'll also leverage native AWS services. Instead of using the Omnibus bundled PostgreSQL and Redis, we will use AWS RDS and ElastiCache.
In this guide, we'll go through a multi-node setup where we'll start by
configuring our Virtual Private Cloud and subnets to later integrate
services such as RDS for our database server and ElastiCache as a Redis
cluster to finally manage them within an auto scaling group with custom
scaling policies.
## Requirements
In addition to having a basic familiarity with [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/) and [Amazon EC2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/), you will need:
- [An AWS account](https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home)
- [To create or upload an SSH key](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-key-pairs.html)
to connect to the instance via SSH
- A domain name for the GitLab instance
- An SSL/TLS certificate to secure your domain. If you do not already own one, you can provision a free public SSL/TLS certificate through [AWS Certificate Manager](https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager/)(ACM) for use with the [Elastic Load Balancer](#load-balancer) we'll create.
NOTE:
It can take a few hours to validate a certificate provisioned through ACM. To avoid delays later, request your certificate as soon as possible.
## Architecture
Below is a diagram of the recommended architecture.
![AWS architecture diagram](img/aws_ha_architecture_diagram.png)
## AWS costs
GitLab uses the following AWS services, with links to pricing information:
- **EC2**: GitLab is deployed on shared hardware, for which
[on-demand pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/) applies.
If you want to run GitLab on a dedicated or reserved instance, see the
[EC2 pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/) for information about
its cost.
- **S3**: GitLab uses S3 ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/pricing/)) to
store backups, artifacts, and LFS objects.
- **ELB**: A Classic Load Balancer ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/pricing/)),
used to route requests to the GitLab instances.
- **RDS**: An Amazon Relational Database Service using PostgreSQL
([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/postgresql/pricing/)).
- **ElastiCache**: An in-memory cache environment ([pricing page](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticache/pricing/)),
used to provide a Redis configuration.
## Create an IAM EC2 instance role and profile
As we'll be using [Amazon S3 object storage](#amazon-s3-object-storage), our EC2 instances need to have read, write, and list permissions for our S3 buckets. To avoid embedding AWS keys in our GitLab configuration, we'll make use of an [IAM Role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html) to allow our GitLab instance with this access. We'll need to create an IAM policy to attach to our IAM role:
### Create an IAM Policy
1. Navigate to the IAM dashboard and click on **Policies** in the left menu.
1. Click **Create policy**, select the `JSON` tab, and add a policy. We want to [follow security best practices and grant _least privilege_](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html#grant-least-privilege), giving our role only the permissions needed to perform the required actions.
1. Assuming you prefix the S3 bucket names with `gl-` as shown in the diagram, add the following policy:
```json
{ "Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:PutObject",
"s3:GetObject",
"s3:DeleteObject",
"s3:PutObjectAcl"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::gl-*/*"
},
{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:ListBucket",
"s3:AbortMultipartUpload",
"s3:ListMultipartUploadParts",
"s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::gl-*"
}
]
}
```
1. Click **Review policy**, give your policy a name (we'll use `gl-s3-policy`), and click **Create policy**.
### Create an IAM Role
1. Still on the IAM dashboard, click on **Roles** in the left menu, and
click **Create role**.
1. Create a new role by selecting **AWS service > EC2**, then click
**Next: Permissions**.
1. In the policy filter, search for the `gl-s3-policy` we created above, select it, and click **Tags**.
1. Add tags if needed and click **Review**.
1. Give the role a name (we'll use `GitLabS3Access`) and click **Create Role**.
We'll use this role when we [create a launch configuration](#create-a-launch-configuration) later on.
## Configuring the network
We'll start by creating a VPC for our GitLab cloud infrastructure, then
we can create subnets to have public and private instances in at least
two [Availability Zones (AZs)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-regions-availability-zones.html). Public subnets will require a Route Table keep and an associated
Internet Gateway.
### Creating the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
We'll now create a VPC, a virtual networking environment that you'll control:
1. Sign in to [Amazon Web Services](https://console.aws.amazon.com/vpc/home).
1. Select **Your VPCs** from the left menu and then click **Create VPC**.
At the "Name tag" enter `gitlab-vpc` and at the "IPv4 CIDR block" enter
`10.0.0.0/16`. If you don't require dedicated hardware, you can leave
"Tenancy" as default. Click **Yes, Create** when ready.
![Create VPC](img/create_vpc.png)
1. Select the VPC, click **Actions**, click **Edit DNS resolution**, and enable DNS resolution. Hit **Save** when done.
### Subnets
Now, let's create some subnets in different Availability Zones. Make sure
that each subnet is associated to the VPC we just created and
that CIDR blocks don't overlap. This will also
allow us to enable multi AZ for redundancy.
We will create private and public subnets to match load balancers and
RDS instances as well:
1. Select **Subnets** from the left menu.
1. Click **Create subnet**. Give it a descriptive name tag based on the IP,
for example `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0`, select the VPC we created previously, select an availability zone (we'll use `us-west-2a`),
and at the IPv4 CIDR block let's give it a 24 subnet `10.0.0.0/24`:
![Create subnet](img/create_subnet.png)
1. Follow the same steps to create all subnets:
| Name tag | Type | Availability Zone | CIDR block |
| ------------------------- | ------- | ----------------- | ------------- |
| `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` | public | `us-west-2a` | `10.0.0.0/24` |
| `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` | private | `us-west-2a` | `10.0.1.0/24` |
| `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0` | public | `us-west-2b` | `10.0.2.0/24` |
| `gitlab-private-10.0.3.0` | private | `us-west-2b` | `10.0.3.0/24` |
1. Once all the subnets are created, enable **Auto-assign IPv4** for the two public subnets:
1. Select each public subnet in turn, click **Actions**, and click **Modify auto-assign IP settings**. Enable the option and save.
### Internet Gateway
Now, still on the same dashboard, go to Internet Gateways and
create a new one:
1. Select **Internet Gateways** from the left menu.
1. Click **Create internet gateway**, give it the name `gitlab-gateway` and
click **Create**.
1. Select it from the table, and then under the **Actions** dropdown choose
"Attach to VPC".
![Create gateway](img/create_gateway.png)
1. Choose `gitlab-vpc` from the list and hit **Attach**.
### Create NAT Gateways
Instances deployed in our private subnets need to connect to the internet for updates, but should not be reachable from the public internet. To achieve this, we'll make use of [NAT Gateways](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/vpc-nat-gateway.html) deployed in each of our public subnets:
1. Navigate to the VPC dashboard and click on **NAT Gateways** in the left menu bar.
1. Click **Create NAT Gateway** and complete the following:
1. **Subnet**: Select `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` from the dropdown.
1. **Elastic IP Allocation ID**: Enter an existing Elastic IP or click **Allocate Elastic IP address** to allocate a new IP to your NAT gateway.
1. Add tags if needed.
1. Click **Create NAT Gateway**.
Create a second NAT gateway but this time place it in the second public subnet, `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0`.
### Route Tables
#### Public Route Table
We need to create a route table for our public subnets to reach the internet via the internet gateway we created in the previous step.
On the VPC dashboard:
1. Select **Route Tables** from the left menu.
1. Click **Create Route Table**.
1. At the "Name tag" enter `gitlab-public` and choose `gitlab-vpc` under "VPC".
1. Click **Create**.
We now need to add our internet gateway as a new target and have
it receive traffic from any destination.
1. Select **Route Tables** from the left menu and select the `gitlab-public`
route to show the options at the bottom.
1. Select the **Routes** tab, click **Edit routes > Add route** and set `0.0.0.0/0`
as the destination. In the target column, select the `gitlab-gateway` we created previously.
Hit **Save routes** once done.
Next, we must associate the **public** subnets to the route table:
1. Select the **Subnet Associations** tab and click **Edit subnet associations**.
1. Check only the public subnets and click **Save**.
#### Private Route Tables
We also need to create two private route tables so that instances in each private subnet can reach the internet via the NAT gateway in the corresponding public subnet in the same availability zone.
1. Follow the same steps as above to create two private route tables. Name them `gitlab-private-a` and `gitlab-private-b` respectively.
1. Next, add a new route to each of the private route tables where the destination is `0.0.0.0/0` and the target is one of the NAT gateways we created earlier.
1. Add the NAT gateway we created in `gitlab-public-10.0.0.0` as the target for the new route in the `gitlab-private-a` route table.
1. Similarly, add the NAT gateway in `gitlab-public-10.0.2.0` as the target for the new route in the `gitlab-private-b`.
1. Lastly, associate each private subnet with a private route table.
1. Associate `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` with `gitlab-private-a`.
1. Associate `gitlab-private-10.0.3.0` with `gitlab-private-b`.
## Load Balancer
We'll create a load balancer to evenly distribute inbound traffic on ports `80` and `443` across our GitLab application servers. Based the on the [scaling policies](#create-an-auto-scaling-group) we'll create later, instances will be added to or removed from our load balancer as needed. Additionally, the load balance will perform health checks on our instances.
On the EC2 dashboard, look for Load Balancer in the left navigation bar:
1. Click the **Create Load Balancer** button.
1. Choose the **Classic Load Balancer**.
1. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-loadbalancer`) and for the **Create LB Inside** option, select `gitlab-vpc` from the dropdown menu.
1. In the **Listeners** section, set the following listeners:
- HTTP port 80 for both load balancer and instance protocol and ports
- TCP port 22 for both load balancer and instance protocols and ports
- HTTPS port 443 for load balancer protocol and ports, forwarding to HTTP port 80 on the instance (we will configure GitLab to listen on port 80 [later in the guide](#add-support-for-proxied-ssl))
1. In the **Select Subnets** section, select both public subnets from the list so that the load balancer can route traffic to both availability zones.
1. We'll add a security group for our load balancer to act as a firewall to control what traffic is allowed through. Click **Assign Security Groups** and select **Create a new security group**, give it a name
(we'll use `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group`) and description, and allow both HTTP and HTTPS traffic
from anywhere (`0.0.0.0/0, ::/0`). Also allow SSH traffic, select a custom source, and add a single trusted IP address or an IP address range in CIDR notation. This will allow users to perform Git actions over SSH.
1. Click **Configure Security Settings** and set the following:
1. Select an SSL/TLS certificate from ACM or upload a certificate to IAM.
1. Under **Select a Cipher**, pick a predefined security policy from the dropdown. You can see a breakdown of [Predefined SSL Security Policies for Classic Load Balancers](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/classic/elb-security-policy-table.html) in the AWS docs. Check the GitLab codebase for a list of [supported SSL ciphers and protocols](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/9ee7ad433269b37251e0dd5b5e00a0f00d8126b4/lib/support/nginx/gitlab-ssl#L97-99).
1. Click **Configure Health Check** and set up a health check for your EC2 instances.
1. For **Ping Protocol**, select HTTP.
1. For **Ping Port**, enter 80.
1. For **Ping Path**, enter `/users/sign_in`. (We use `/users/sign_in` as it's a public endpoint that does
not require authentication.)
1. Keep the default **Advanced Details** or adjust them according to your needs.
1. Click **Add EC2 Instances** - don't add anything as we will create an Auto Scaling Group later to manage instances for us.
1. Click **Add Tags** and add any tags you need.
1. Click **Review and Create**, review all your settings, and click **Create** if you're happy.
After the Load Balancer is up and running, you can revisit your Security
Groups to refine the access only through the ELB and any other requirements
you might have.
### Configure DNS for Load Balancer
On the Route 53 dashboard, click **Hosted zones** in the left navigation bar:
1. Select an existing hosted zone or, if you do not already have one for your domain, click **Create Hosted Zone**, enter your domain name, and click **Create**.
1. Click **Create Record Set** and provide the following values:
1. **Name:** Use the domain name (the default value) or enter a subdomain.
1. **Type:** Select **A - IPv4 address**.
1. **Alias:** Defaults to **No**. Select **Yes**.
1. **Alias Target:** Find the **ELB Classic Load Balancers** section and select the classic load balancer we created earlier.
1. **Routing Policy:** We'll use **Simple** but you can choose a different policy based on your use case.
1. **Evaluate Target Health:** We'll set this to **No** but you can choose to have the load balancer route traffic based on target health.
1. Click **Create**.
1. If you registered your domain through Route 53, you're done. If you used a different domain registrar, you need to update your DNS records with your domain registrar. You'll need to:
1. Click on **Hosted zones** and select the domain you added above.
1. You'll see a list of `NS` records. From your domain registrar's administrator panel, add each of these as `NS` records to your domain's DNS records. These steps may vary between domain registrars. If you're stuck, Google **"name of your registrar" add DNS records** and you should find a help article specific to your domain registrar.
The steps for doing this vary depending on which registrar you use and is beyond the scope of this guide.
## PostgreSQL with RDS
For our database server we will use Amazon RDS which offers Multi AZ
for redundancy. First we'll create a security group and subnet group, then we'll
create the actual RDS instance.
### RDS Security Group
We need a security group for our database that will allow inbound traffic from the instances we'll deploy in our `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` later on:
1. From the EC2 dashboard, select **Security Groups** from the left menu bar.
1. Click **Create security group**.
1. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-rds-sec-group`), a description, and select the `gitlab-vpc` from the **VPC** dropdown.
1. In the **Inbound rules** section, click **Add rule** and set the following:
1. **Type:** search for and select the **PostgreSQL** rule.
1. **Source type:** set as "Custom".
1. **Source:** select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. When done, click **Create security group**.
### RDS Subnet Group
1. Navigate to the RDS dashboard and select **Subnet Groups** from the left menu.
1. Click on **Create DB Subnet Group**.
1. Under **Subnet group details**, enter a name (we'll use `gitlab-rds-group`), a description, and choose the `gitlab-vpc` from the VPC dropdown.
1. From the **Availability Zones** dropdown, select the Availability Zones that include the subnets you've configured. In our case, we'll add `eu-west-2a` and `eu-west-2b`.
1. From the **Subnets** dropdown, select the two private subnets (`10.0.1.0/24` and `10.0.3.0/24`) as we defined them in the [subnets section](#subnets).
1. Click **Create** when ready.
### Create the database
WARNING:
Avoid using burstable instances (t class instances) for the database as this could lead to performance issues due to CPU credits running out during sustained periods of high load.
Now, it's time to create the database:
1. Navigate to the RDS dashboard, select **Databases** from the left menu, and click **Create database**.
1. Select **Standard Create** for the database creation method.
1. Select **PostgreSQL** as the database engine and select the minimum PostgreSQL version as defined for your GitLab version in our [database requirements](../../install/requirements.md#postgresql-requirements).
1. Since this is a production server, let's choose **Production** from the **Templates** section.
1. Under **Settings**, set a DB instance identifier, a master username, and a master password. We'll use `gitlab-db-ha`, `gitlab`, and a very secure password respectively. Make a note of these as we'll need them later.
1. For the DB instance size, select **Standard classes** and select an instance size that meets your requirements from the dropdown menu. We'll use a `db.m4.large` instance.
1. Under **Storage**, configure the following:
1. Select **Provisioned IOPS (SSD)** from the storage type dropdown menu. Provisioned IOPS (SSD) storage is best suited for this use (though you can choose General Purpose (SSD) to reduce the costs). Read more about it at [Storage for Amazon RDS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_Storage.html).
1. Allocate storage and set provisioned IOPS. We'll use the minimum values, `100` and `1000`, respectively.
1. Enable storage autoscaling (optional) and set a maximum storage threshold.
1. Under **Availability & durability**, select **Create a standby instance** to have a standby RDS instance provisioned in a different [Availability Zone](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.MultiAZ.html).
1. Under **Connectivity**, configure the following:
1. Select the VPC we created earlier (`gitlab-vpc`) from the **Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)** dropdown menu.
1. Expand the **Additional connectivity configuration** section and select the subnet group (`gitlab-rds-group`) we created earlier.
1. Set public accessibility to **No**.
1. Under **VPC security group**, select **Choose existing** and select the `gitlab-rds-sec-group` we create above from the dropdown.
1. Leave the database port as the default `5432`.
1. For **Database authentication**, select **Password authentication**.
1. Expand the **Additional configuration** section and complete the following:
1. The initial database name. We'll use `gitlabhq_production`.
1. Configure your preferred backup settings.
1. The only other change we'll make here is to disable auto minor version updates under **Maintenance**.
1. Leave all the other settings as is or tweak according to your needs.
1. Once you're happy, click **Create database**.
Now that the database is created, let's move on to setting up Redis with ElastiCache.
## Redis with ElastiCache
ElastiCache is an in-memory hosted caching solution. Redis maintains its own
persistence and is used to store session data, temporary cache information, and background job queues for the GitLab application.
### Create a Redis Security Group
1. Navigate to the EC2 dashboard.
1. Select **Security Groups** from the left menu.
1. Click **Create security group** and fill in the details. Give it a name (we'll use `gitlab-redis-sec-group`),
add a description, and choose the VPC we created previously
1. In the **Inbound rules** section, click **Add rule** and add a **Custom TCP** rule, set port `6379`, and set the "Custom" source as the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. When done, click **Create security group**.
### Redis Subnet Group
1. Navigate to the ElastiCache dashboard from your AWS console.
1. Go to **Subnet Groups** in the left menu, and create a new subnet group (we'll name ours `gitlab-redis-group`).
Make sure to select our VPC and its [private subnets](#subnets). Click
**Create** when ready.
![ElastiCache subnet](img/ec_subnet.png)
### Create the Redis Cluster
1. Navigate back to the ElastiCache dashboard.
1. Select **Redis** on the left menu and click **Create** to create a new
Redis cluster. Do not enable **Cluster Mode** as it is [not supported](../../administration/redis/replication_and_failover_external.md#requirements). Even without cluster mode on, you still get the
chance to deploy Redis in multiple availability zones.
1. In the settings section:
1. Give the cluster a name (`gitlab-redis`) and a description.
1. For the version, select the latest of `5.0` series (e.g., `5.0.6`).
1. Leave the port as `6379` since this is what we used in our Redis security group above.
1. Select the node type (at least `cache.t3.medium`, but adjust to your needs) and the number of replicas.
1. In the advanced settings section:
1. Select the multi-AZ auto-failover option.
1. Select the subnet group we created previously.
1. Manually select the preferred availability zones, and under "Replica 2"
choose a different zone than the other two.
![Redis availability zones](img/ec_az.png)
1. In the security settings, edit the security groups and choose the
`gitlab-redis-sec-group` we had previously created.
1. Leave the rest of the settings to their default values or edit to your liking.
1. When done, click **Create**.
## Setting up Bastion Hosts
Since our GitLab instances will be in private subnets, we need a way to connect to these instances via SSH to make configuration changes, perform upgrades, etc. One way of doing this is via a [bastion host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastion_host), sometimes also referred to as a jump box.
NOTE:
If you do not want to maintain bastion hosts, you can set up [AWS Systems Manager Session Manager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/session-manager.html) for access to instances. This is beyond the scope of this document.
### Create Bastion Host A
1. Navigate to the EC2 Dashboard and click on **Launch instance**.
1. Select the **Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM)** AMI.
1. Choose an instance type. We'll use a `t2.micro` as we'll only use the bastion host to SSH into our other instances.
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**.
1. Under **Network**, select the `gitlab-vpc` from the dropdown menu.
1. Under **Subnet**, select the public subnet we created earlier (`gitlab-public-10.0.0.0`).
1. Double check that under **Auto-assign Public IP** you have **Use subnet setting (Enable)** selected.
1. Leave everything else as default and click **Add Storage**.
1. For storage, we'll leave everything as default and only add an 8GB root volume. We won't store anything on this instance.
1. Click **Add Tags** and on the next screen click **Add Tag**.
1. We'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: Bastion Host A`.
1. Click **Configure Security Group**.
1. Select **Create a new security group**, enter a **Security group name** (we'll use `bastion-sec-group`), and add a description.
1. We'll enable SSH access from anywhere (`0.0.0.0/0`). If you want stricter security, specify a single IP address or an IP address range in CIDR notation.
1. Click **Review and Launch**
1. Review all your settings and, if you're happy, click **Launch**.
1. Acknowledge that you have access to an existing key pair or create a new one. Click **Launch Instance**.
Confirm that you can SSH into the instance:
1. On the EC2 Dashboard, click on **Instances** in the left menu.
1. Select **Bastion Host A** from your list of instances.
1. Click **Connect** and follow the connection instructions.
1. If you are able to connect successfully, let's move on to setting up our second bastion host for redundancy.
### Create Bastion Host B
1. Create an EC2 instance following the same steps as above with the following changes:
1. For the **Subnet**, select the second public subnet we created earlier (`gitlab-public-10.0.2.0`).
1. Under the **Add Tags** section, we'll set `Key: Name` and `Value: Bastion Host B` so that we can easily identify our two instances.
1. For the security group, select the existing `bastion-sec-group` we created above.
### Use SSH Agent Forwarding
EC2 instances running Linux use private key files for SSH authentication. You'll connect to your bastion host using an SSH client and the private key file stored on your client. Since the private key file is not present on the bastion host, you will not be able to connect to your instances in private subnets.
Storing private key files on your bastion host is a bad idea. To get around this, use SSH agent forwarding on your client. See [Securely Connect to Linux Instances Running in a Private Amazon VPC](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/securely-connect-to-linux-instances-running-in-a-private-amazon-vpc/) for a step-by-step guide on how to use SSH agent forwarding.
## Install GitLab and create custom AMI
We will need a preconfigured, custom GitLab AMI to use in our launch configuration later. As a starting point, we will use the official GitLab AMI to create a GitLab instance. Then, we'll add our custom configuration for PostgreSQL, Redis, and Gitaly. If you prefer, instead of using the official GitLab AMI, you can also spin up an EC2 instance of your choosing and [manually install GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/install/).
### Install GitLab
From the EC2 dashboard:
1. Use the section below titled "[Find official GitLab-created AMI IDs on AWS](#find-official-gitlab-created-ami-ids-on-aws)" to find the correct AMI to launch.
1. After clicking **Launch** on the desired AMI, select an instance type based on your workload. Consult the [hardware requirements](../../install/requirements.md#hardware-requirements) to choose one that fits your needs (at least `c5.xlarge`, which is sufficient to accommodate 100 users).
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**:
1. In the **Network** dropdown, select `gitlab-vpc`, the VPC we created earlier.
1. In the **Subnet** dropdown, select `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` from the list of subnets we created earlier.
1. Double check that **Auto-assign Public IP** is set to `Use subnet setting (Disable)`.
1. Click **Add Storage**.
1. The root volume is 8GiB by default and should be enough given that we won't store any data there.
1. Click **Add Tags** and add any tags you may need. In our case, we'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: GitLab`.
1. Click **Configure Security Group**. Check **Select an existing security group** and select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. Click **Review and launch** followed by **Launch** if you're happy with your settings.
1. Finally, acknowledge that you have access to the selected private key file or create a new one. Click **Launch Instances**.
### Add custom configuration
Connect to your GitLab instance via **Bastion Host A** using [SSH Agent Forwarding](#use-ssh-agent-forwarding). Once connected, add the following custom configuration:
#### Disable Let's Encrypt
Since we're adding our SSL certificate at the load balancer, we do not need the GitLab built-in support for Let's Encrypt. Let's Encrypt [is enabled by default](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#lets-encrypt-integration) when using an `https` domain in GitLab 10.7 and later, so we need to explicitly disable it:
1. Open `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and disable it:
```ruby
letsencrypt['enable'] = false
```
1. Save the file and reconfigure for the changes to take effect:
```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
#### Install the required extensions for PostgreSQL
From your GitLab instance, connect to the RDS instance to verify access and to install the required `pg_trgm` and `btree_gist` extensions.
To find the host or endpoint, navigate to **Amazon RDS > Databases** and click on the database you created earlier. Look for the endpoint under the **Connectivity & security** tab.
Do not to include the colon and port number:
```shell
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql -U gitlab -h <rds-endpoint> -d gitlabhq_production
```
At the `psql` prompt create the extension and then quit the session:
```shell
psql (10.9)
Type "help" for help.
gitlab=# CREATE EXTENSION pg_trgm;
gitlab=# CREATE EXTENSION btree_gist;
gitlab=# \q
```
#### Configure GitLab to connect to PostgreSQL and Redis
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`, find the `external_url 'http://<domain>'` option
and change it to the `https` domain you will be using.
1. Look for the GitLab database settings and uncomment as necessary. In
our current case we'll specify the database adapter, encoding, host, name,
username, and password:
```ruby
# Disable the built-in Postgres
postgresql['enable'] = false
# Fill in the connection details
gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = "postgresql"
gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = "unicode"
gitlab_rails['db_database'] = "gitlabhq_production"
gitlab_rails['db_username'] = "gitlab"
gitlab_rails['db_password'] = "mypassword"
gitlab_rails['db_host'] = "<rds-endpoint>"
```
1. Next, we need to configure the Redis section by adding the host and
uncommenting the port:
```ruby
# Disable the built-in Redis
redis['enable'] = false
# Fill in the connection details
gitlab_rails['redis_host'] = "<redis-endpoint>"
gitlab_rails['redis_port'] = 6379
```
1. Finally, reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect:
```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
1. You might also find it useful to run a check and a service status to make sure
everything has been setup correctly:
```shell
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:check
sudo gitlab-ctl status
```
#### Set up Gitaly
WARNING:
In this architecture, having a single Gitaly server creates a single point of failure. Use
[Gitaly Cluster](../../administration/gitaly/praefect.md) to remove this limitation.
Gitaly is a service that provides high-level RPC access to Git repositories.
It should be enabled and configured on a separate EC2 instance in one of the
[private subnets](#subnets) we configured previously.
Let's create an EC2 instance where we'll install Gitaly:
1. From the EC2 dashboard, click **Launch instance**.
1. Choose an AMI. In this example, we'll select the **Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type**.
1. Choose an instance type. We'll pick a `c5.xlarge`.
1. Click **Configure Instance Details**.
1. In the **Network** dropdown, select `gitlab-vpc`, the VPC we created earlier.
1. In the **Subnet** dropdown, select `gitlab-private-10.0.1.0` from the list of subnets we created earlier.
1. Double check that **Auto-assign Public IP** is set to `Use subnet setting (Disable)`.
1. Click **Add Storage**.
1. Increase the Root volume size to `20 GiB` and change the **Volume Type** to `Provisoned IOPS SSD (io1)`. (This is an arbitrary size. Create a volume big enough for your repository storage requirements.)
1. For **IOPS** set `1000` (20 GiB x 50 IOPS). You can provision up to 50 IOPS per GiB. If you select a larger volume, increase the IOPS accordingly. Workloads where many small files are written in a serialized manner, like `git`, requires performant storage, hence the choice of `Provisoned IOPS SSD (io1)`.
1. Click on **Add Tags** and add your tags. In our case, we'll only set `Key: Name` and `Value: Gitaly`.
1. Click on **Configure Security Group** and let's **Create a new security group**.
1. Give your security group a name and description. We'll use `gitlab-gitaly-sec-group` for both.
1. Create a **Custom TCP** rule and add port `8075` to the **Port Range**. For the **Source**, select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group`.
1. Also add an inbound rule for SSH from the `bastion-sec-group` so that we can connect using [SSH Agent Forwarding](#use-ssh-agent-forwarding) from the Bastion hosts.
1. Click **Review and launch** followed by **Launch** if you're happy with your settings.
1. Finally, acknowledge that you have access to the selected private key file or create a new one. Click **Launch Instances**.
NOTE:
Instead of storing configuration _and_ repository data on the root volume, you can also choose to add an additional EBS volume for repository storage. Follow the same guidance as above. See the [Amazon EBS pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/ebs/pricing/). We do not recommend using EFS as it may negatively impact the performance of GitLab. You can review the [relevant documentation](../../administration/nfs.md#avoid-using-cloud-based-file-systems) for more details.
Now that we have our EC2 instance ready, follow the [documentation to install GitLab and set up Gitaly on its own server](../../administration/gitaly/configure_gitaly.md#run-gitaly-on-its-own-server). Perform the client setup steps from that document on the [GitLab instance we created](#install-gitlab) above.
#### Add Support for Proxied SSL
As we are terminating SSL at our [load balancer](#load-balancer), follow the steps at [Supporting proxied SSL](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#supporting-proxied-ssl) to configure this in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`.
Remember to run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after saving the changes to the `gitlab.rb` file.
#### Fast lookup of authorized SSH keys
The public SSH keys for users allowed to access GitLab are stored in `/var/opt/gitlab/.ssh/authorized_keys`. Typically we'd use shared storage so that all the instances are able to access this file when a user performs a Git action over SSH. Since we do not have shared storage in our setup, we'll update our configuration to authorize SSH users via indexed lookup in the GitLab database.
Follow the instructions at [Setting up fast lookup via GitLab Shell](../../administration/operations/fast_ssh_key_lookup.md#setting-up-fast-lookup-via-gitlab-shell) to switch from using the `authorized_keys` file to the database.
If you do not configure fast lookup, Git actions over SSH will result in the following error:
```shell
Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.
```
#### Configure host keys
Ordinarily we would manually copy the contents (primary and public keys) of `/etc/ssh/` on the primary application server to `/etc/ssh` on all secondary servers. This prevents false man-in-the-middle-attack alerts when accessing servers in your cluster behind a load balancer.
We'll automate this by creating static host keys as part of our custom AMI. As these host keys are also rotated every time an EC2 instance boots up, "hard coding" them into our custom AMI serves as a handy workaround.
On your GitLab instance run the following:
```shell
sudo mkdir /etc/ssh_static
sudo cp -R /etc/ssh/* /etc/ssh_static
```
In `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` update the following:
```shell
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh_static/ssh_host_ed25519_key
```
#### Amazon S3 object storage
Since we're not using NFS for shared storage, we will use [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/) buckets to store backups, artifacts, LFS objects, uploads, merge request diffs, container registry images, and more. Our documentation includes [instructions on how to configure object storage](../../administration/object_storage.md) for each of these data types, and other information about using object storage with GitLab.
NOTE:
Since we are using the [AWS IAM profile](#create-an-iam-role) we created earlier, be sure to omit the AWS access key and secret access key/value pairs when configuring object storage. Instead, use `'use_iam_profile' => true` in your configuration as shown in the object storage documentation linked above.
Remember to run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after saving the changes to the `gitlab.rb` file.
NOTE:
One current feature of GitLab that still requires a shared directory (NFS) is
[GitLab Pages](../../user/project/pages/index.md).
There is [work in progress](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-pages/-/issues/196)
to eliminate the need for NFS to support GitLab Pages.
---
That concludes the configuration changes for our GitLab instance. Next, we'll create a custom AMI based on this instance to use for our launch configuration and auto scaling group.
### Log in for the first time
Using the domain name you used when setting up [DNS for the load balancer](#configure-dns-for-load-balancer), you should now be able to visit GitLab in your browser.
If you didn't change the password by any other means, the default password will be the same as the instance ID. To change the default password, login as the `root` user
with the default password and [change it in the user profile](../../user/profile#change-your-password).
When our [auto scaling group](#create-an-auto-scaling-group) spins up new instances, we'll be able to log in with username `root` and the newly created password.
### Create custom AMI
On the EC2 dashboard:
1. Select the `GitLab` instance we [created earlier](#install-gitlab).
1. Click on **Actions**, scroll down to **Image** and click **Create Image**.
1. Give your image a name and description (we'll use `GitLab-Source` for both).
1. Leave everything else as default and click **Create Image**
Now we have a custom AMI that we'll use to create our launch configuration the next step.
## Deploy GitLab inside an auto scaling group
### Create a launch configuration
From the EC2 dashboard:
1. Select **Launch Configurations** from the left menu and click **Create launch configuration**.
1. Select **My AMIs** from the left menu and select the `GitLab` custom AMI we created above.
1. Select an instance type best suited for your needs (at least a `c5.xlarge`) and click **Configure details**.
1. Enter a name for your launch configuration (we'll use `gitlab-ha-launch-config`).
1. **Do not** check **Request Spot Instance**.
1. From the **IAM Role** dropdown, pick the `GitLabAdmin` instance role we [created earlier](#create-an-iam-ec2-instance-role-and-profile).
1. Leave the rest as defaults and click **Add Storage**.
1. The root volume is 8GiB by default and should be enough given that we won't store any data there. Click **Configure Security Group**.
1. Check **Select and existing security group** and select the `gitlab-loadbalancer-sec-group` we created earlier.
1. Click **Review**, review your changes, and click **Create launch configuration**.
1. Acknowledge that you have access to the private key or create a new one. Click **Create launch configuration**.
### Create an auto scaling group
1. As soon as the launch configuration is created, you'll see an option to **Create an Auto Scaling group using this launch configuration**. Click that to start creating the auto scaling group.
1. Enter a **Group name** (we'll use `gitlab-auto-scaling-group`).
1. For **Group size**, enter the number of instances you want to start with (we'll enter `2`).
1. Select the `gitlab-vpc` from the **Network** dropdown.
1. Add both the private [subnets we created earlier](#subnets).
1. Expand the **Advanced Details** section and check the **Receive traffic from one or more load balancers** option.
1. From the **Classic Load Balancers** dropdown, select the load balancer we created earlier.
1. For **Health Check Type**, select **ELB**.
1. We'll leave our **Health Check Grace Period** as the default `300` seconds. Click **Configure scaling policies**.
1. Check **Use scaling policies to adjust the capacity of this group**.
1. For this group we'll scale between 2 and 4 instances where one instance will be added if CPU
utilization is greater than 60% and one instance is removed if it falls
to less than 45%.
![Auto scaling group policies](img/policies.png)
1. Finally, configure notifications and tags as you see fit, review your changes, and create the
auto scaling group.
As the auto scaling group is created, you'll see your new instances spinning up in your EC2 dashboard. You'll also see the new instances added to your load balancer. Once the instances pass the heath check, they are ready to start receiving traffic from the load balancer.
Since our instances are created by the auto scaling group, go back to your instances and terminate the [instance we created manually above](#install-gitlab). We only needed this instance to create our custom AMI.
## Health check and monitoring with Prometheus
Apart from Amazon's Cloudwatch which you can enable on various services,
GitLab provides its own integrated monitoring solution based on Prometheus.
For more information on how to set it up, visit the
[GitLab Prometheus documentation](../../administration/monitoring/prometheus/index.md)
GitLab also has various [health check endpoints](../../user/admin_area/monitoring/health_check.md)
that you can ping and get reports.
## GitLab Runner
If you want to take advantage of [GitLab CI/CD](../../ci/index.md), you have to
set up at least one [runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/).
Read more on configuring an
[autoscaling GitLab Runner on AWS](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/runner_autoscale_aws/).
## Backup and restore
GitLab provides [a tool to back up](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#back-up-gitlab)
and restore its Git data, database, attachments, LFS objects, and so on.
Some important things to know:
- The backup/restore tool **does not** store some configuration files, like secrets; you'll
need to [configure this yourself](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#storing-configuration-files).
- By default, the backup files are stored locally, but you can
[backup GitLab using S3](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#using-amazon-s3).
- You can [exclude specific directories form the backup](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#excluding-specific-directories-from-the-backup).
### Backing up GitLab
To back up GitLab:
1. SSH into your instance.
1. Take a backup:
```shell
sudo gitlab-backup create
```
NOTE:
For GitLab 12.1 and earlier, use `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create`.
### Restoring GitLab from a backup
To restore GitLab, first review the [restore documentation](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#restore-gitlab),
and primarily the restore prerequisites. Then, follow the steps under the
[Omnibus installations section](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#restore-for-omnibus-gitlab-installations).
## Updating GitLab
GitLab releases a new version every month on the 22nd. Whenever a new version is
released, you can update your GitLab instance:
1. SSH into your instance
1. Take a backup:
```shell
sudo gitlab-backup create
```
NOTE:
For GitLab 12.1 and earlier, use `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create`.
1. Update the repositories and install GitLab:
```shell
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gitlab-ee
```
After a few minutes, the new version should be up and running.
## Find official GitLab-created AMI IDs on AWS
To find the AMIs generated by GitLab:
1. Login to AWS Web Console, so that clicking the links below will take you directly to the AMI list.
1. Pick the edition you want:
- [GitLab Enterprise Edition](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=782774275127;search=GitLab%20EE;sort=desc:name): If you want to unlock the enterprise features, a license is needed. Recommended for this guide.
- [GitLab Community Edition](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=782774275127;search=GitLab%20CE;sort=desc:name): The open source version of GitLab.
- [GitLab Premium or Ultimate Marketplace (Prelicensed)](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;source=Marketplace;search=GitLab%20EE;sort=desc:name): 5 user license built into per-minute billing.
1. AMI IDs are unique per region, so once you've loaded one of the above, select the desired target region in the upper right of the console to see the appropriate AMIs.
1. Once the console is loaded, you can add additional search criteria to narrow further. For instance, `13.` to find only 13.x versions.
1. To launch an EC2 Machine with one of the listed AMIs, check the box at the start of the relevant row, and select the "Launch" button near the top of left of the page.
NOTE:
If you are trying to restore from an older version of GitLab while moving to AWS, find the
[Enterprise and Community Editions Before 11.10.3](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=us-east-1#Images:visibility=public-images;ownerAlias=855262394183;sort=desc:name).
## Conclusion
In this guide, we went mostly through scaling and some redundancy options,
your mileage may vary.
Keep in mind that all solutions come with a trade-off between
cost/complexity and uptime. The more uptime you want, the more complex the solution.
And the more complex the solution, the more work is involved in setting up and
maintaining it.
Have a read through these other resources and feel free to
[open an issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/new)
to request additional material:
- [Scaling GitLab](../../administration/reference_architectures/index.md):
GitLab supports several different types of clustering.
- [Geo replication](../../administration/geo/index.md):
Geo is the solution for widely distributed development teams.
- [Omnibus GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/) - Everything you need to know
about administering your GitLab instance.
- [Upload a license](../../user/admin_area/license.md):
Activate all GitLab Enterprise Edition functionality with a license.
- [Pricing](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/): Pricing for the different tiers.
## Troubleshooting
### Instances are failing health checks
If your instances are failing the load balancer's health checks, verify that they are returning a status `200` from the health check endpoint we configured earlier. Any other status, including redirects (e.g. status `302`) will cause the health check to fail.
You may have to set a password on the `root` user to prevent automatic redirects on the sign-in endpoint before health checks will pass.
### "The change you requested was rejected (422)"
If you see this page when trying to set a password via the web interface, make sure `external_url` in `gitlab.rb` matches the domain you are making a request from, and run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` after making any changes to it.
### Some job logs are not uploaded to object storage
When the GitLab deployment is scaled up to more than one node, some job logs may not be uploaded to [object storage](../../administration/object_storage.md) properly. [Incremental logging is required](../../administration/object_storage.md#other-alternatives-to-file-system-storage) for CI to use object storage.
Enable [incremental logging](../../administration/job_logs.md#enable-or-disable-incremental-logging) if it has not already been enabled.
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