mm, swap: fix race between swap count continuation operations

One page may store a set of entries of the sis->swap_map
(swap_info_struct->swap_map) in multiple swap clusters.

If some of the entries has sis->swap_map[offset] > SWAP_MAP_MAX,
multiple pages will be used to store the set of entries of the
sis->swap_map.  And the pages are linked with page->lru.  This is called
swap count continuation.  To access the pages which store the set of
entries of the sis->swap_map simultaneously, previously, sis->lock is
used.  But to improve the scalability of __swap_duplicate(), swap
cluster lock may be used in swap_count_continued() now.  This may race
with add_swap_count_continuation() which operates on a nearby swap
cluster, in which the sis->swap_map entries are stored in the same page.

The race can cause wrong swap count in practice, thus cause unfreeable
swap entries or software lockup, etc.

To fix the race, a new spin lock called cont_lock is added to struct
swap_info_struct to protect the swap count continuation page list.  This
is a lock at the swap device level, so the scalability isn't very well.
But it is still much better than the original sis->lock, because it is
only acquired/released when swap count continuation is used.  Which is
considered rare in practice.  If it turns out that the scalability
becomes an issue for some workloads, we can split the lock into some
more fine grained locks.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171017081320.28133-1-ying.huang@intel.com
Fixes: 235b6217 ("mm/swap: add cluster lock")
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[4.11+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

include/linux/swap.h

@@ -266,6 +266,10 @@ struct swap_info_struct {
 					 * both locks need hold, hold swap_lock
 					 * first.
 					 */
+	spinlock_t cont_lock;		/*
+					 * protect swap count continuation page
+					 * list.
+					 */
 	struct work_struct discard_work; /* discard worker */
 	struct swap_cluster_list discard_clusters; /* discard clusters list */
 };

mm/swapfile.c

@@ -2869,6 +2869,7 @@ static struct swap_info_struct *alloc_swap_info(void)
 	p->flags = SWP_USED;
 	spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
 	spin_lock_init(&p->lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&p->cont_lock);
 
 	return p;
 }
@@ -3545,6 +3546,7 @@ int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 	head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
 	offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
 
+	spin_lock(&si->cont_lock);
 	/*
 	 * Page allocation does not initialize the page's lru field,
 	 * but it does always reset its private field.
@@ -3564,7 +3566,7 @@ int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 		 * a continuation page, free our allocation and use this one.
 		 */
 		if (!(count & COUNT_CONTINUED))
-			goto out;
+			goto out_unlock_cont;
 
 		map = kmap_atomic(list_page) + offset;
 		count = *map;
@@ -3575,11 +3577,13 @@ int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 		 * free our allocation and use this one.
 		 */
 		if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) != SWAP_CONT_MAX)
-			goto out;
+			goto out_unlock_cont;
 	}
 
 	list_add_tail(&page->lru, &head->lru);
 	page = NULL;			/* now it's attached, don't free it */
+out_unlock_cont:
+	spin_unlock(&si->cont_lock);
 out:
 	unlock_cluster(ci);
 	spin_unlock(&si->lock);
@@ -3604,6 +3608,7 @@ static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 	struct page *head;
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned char *map;
+	bool ret;
 
 	head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
 	if (page_private(head) != SWP_CONTINUED) {
@@ -3611,6 +3616,7 @@ static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 		return false;		/* need to add count continuation */
 	}
 
+	spin_lock(&si->cont_lock);
 	offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
 	page = list_entry(head->lru.next, struct page, lru);
 	map = kmap_atomic(page) + offset;
@@ -3631,8 +3637,10 @@ static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *si,
 		if (*map == SWAP_CONT_MAX) {
 			kunmap_atomic(map);
 			page = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
-			if (page == head)
-				return false;	/* add count continuation */
+			if (page == head) {
+				ret = false;	/* add count continuation */
+				goto out;
+			}
 			map = kmap_atomic(page) + offset;
 init_map:		*map = 0;		/* we didn't zero the page */
 		}
@@ -3645,7 +3653,7 @@ init_map:		*map = 0;		/* we didn't zero the page */
 			kunmap_atomic(map);
 			page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
 		}
-		return true;			/* incremented */
+		ret = true;			/* incremented */
 
 	} else {				/* decrementing */
 		/*
@@ -3671,8 +3679,11 @@ init_map:		*map = 0;		/* we didn't zero the page */
 			kunmap_atomic(map);
 			page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
 		}
-		return count == COUNT_CONTINUED;
+		ret = count == COUNT_CONTINUED;
 	}
+out:
+	spin_unlock(&si->cont_lock);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /*