samples/bpf: add tests for more perf event types

$ trace_event

tests attaching BPF program to HW_CPU_CYCLES, SW_CPU_CLOCK, HW_CACHE_L1D and other events.
It runs 'dd' in the background while bpf program collects user and kernel
stack trace on counter overflow.
User space expects to see sys_read and sys_write in the kernel stack.

$ tracex6

tests reading of various perf counters from BPF program.

Both tests were refactored to increase coverage and be more accurate.
Signed-off-by: Teng Qin <qinteng@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

samples/bpf/bpf_helpers.h

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ static unsigned long long (*bpf_get_current_uid_gid)(void) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_get_current_uid_gid;
 static int (*bpf_get_current_comm)(void *buf, int buf_size) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_get_current_comm;
-static int (*bpf_perf_event_read)(void *map, int index) =
+static unsigned long long (*bpf_perf_event_read)(void *map,
+						 unsigned long long flags) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read;
 static int (*bpf_clone_redirect)(void *ctx, int ifindex, int flags) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_clone_redirect;

samples/bpf/trace_event_user.c

@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ static void print_stack(struct key_t *key, __u64 count)
 		for (i = PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 			print_addr(ip[i]);
 	}
+	if (count < 6)
+		printf("\r");
+	else
 		printf("\n");
 
 	if (key->kernstack == -EEXIST && !warned) {
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ static void print_stacks(void)
 		bpf_map_delete_elem(fd, &next_key);
 		key = next_key;
 	}
-
+	printf("\n");
 	if (!sys_read_seen || !sys_write_seen) {
 		printf("BUG kernel stack doesn't contain sys_read() and sys_write()\n");
 		int_exit(0);
@@ -122,24 +125,29 @@ static void test_perf_event_all_cpu(struct perf_event_attr *attr)
 {
 	int nr_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
 	int *pmu_fd = malloc(nr_cpus * sizeof(int));
-	int i;
+	int i, error = 0;
 
 	/* open perf_event on all cpus */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
 		pmu_fd[i] = sys_perf_event_open(attr, -1, i, -1, 0);
 		if (pmu_fd[i] < 0) {
 			printf("sys_perf_event_open failed\n");
+			error = 1;
 			goto all_cpu_err;
 		}
 		assert(ioctl(pmu_fd[i], PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd[0]) == 0);
-		assert(ioctl(pmu_fd[i], PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) == 0);
+		assert(ioctl(pmu_fd[i], PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE) == 0);
 	}
-	system("dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null count=5000k");
+	system("dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null count=5000k status=none");
 	print_stacks();
 all_cpu_err:
-	for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (i--; i >= 0; i--) {
+		ioctl(pmu_fd[i], PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE);
 		close(pmu_fd[i]);
+	}
 	free(pmu_fd);
+	if (error)
+		int_exit(0);
 }
 
 static void test_perf_event_task(struct perf_event_attr *attr)
@@ -150,12 +158,13 @@ static void test_perf_event_task(struct perf_event_attr *attr)
 	pmu_fd = sys_perf_event_open(attr, 0, -1, -1, 0);
 	if (pmu_fd < 0) {
 		printf("sys_perf_event_open failed\n");
-		return;
+		int_exit(0);
 	}
 	assert(ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd[0]) == 0);
-	assert(ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) == 0);
-	system("dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null count=5000k");
+	assert(ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE) == 0);
+	system("dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null count=5000k status=none");
 	print_stacks();
+	ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE);
 	close(pmu_fd);
 }
 
@@ -175,11 +184,56 @@ static void test_bpf_perf_event(void)
 		.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK,
 		.inherit = 1,
 	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_hw_cache_l1d = {
+		.sample_freq = SAMPLE_FREQ,
+		.freq = 1,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+		.config =
+			PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
+		.inherit = 1,
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_hw_cache_branch_miss = {
+		.sample_freq = SAMPLE_FREQ,
+		.freq = 1,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+		.config =
+			PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_BPU |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
+		.inherit = 1,
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_type_raw = {
+		.sample_freq = SAMPLE_FREQ,
+		.freq = 1,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_RAW,
+		/* Intel Instruction Retired */
+		.config = 0xc0,
+		.inherit = 1,
+	};
 
+	printf("Test HW_CPU_CYCLES\n");
 	test_perf_event_all_cpu(&attr_type_hw);
 	test_perf_event_task(&attr_type_hw);
+
+	printf("Test SW_CPU_CLOCK\n");
 	test_perf_event_all_cpu(&attr_type_sw);
 	test_perf_event_task(&attr_type_sw);
+
+	printf("Test HW_CACHE_L1D\n");
+	test_perf_event_all_cpu(&attr_hw_cache_l1d);
+	test_perf_event_task(&attr_hw_cache_l1d);
+
+	printf("Test HW_CACHE_BPU\n");
+	test_perf_event_all_cpu(&attr_hw_cache_branch_miss);
+	test_perf_event_task(&attr_hw_cache_branch_miss);
+
+	printf("Test Instruction Retired\n");
+	test_perf_event_all_cpu(&attr_type_raw);
+	test_perf_event_task(&attr_type_raw);
+
+	printf("*** PASS ***\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -209,7 +263,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return 0;
 	}
 	test_bpf_perf_event();
-
 	int_exit(0);
 	return 0;
 }

samples/bpf/tracex6_kern.c

@@ -3,22 +3,36 @@
 #include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 
-struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") my_map = {
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") counters = {
 	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
 	.key_size = sizeof(int),
 	.value_size = sizeof(u32),
-	.max_entries = 32,
+	.max_entries = 64,
+};
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") values = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+	.key_size = sizeof(int),
+	.value_size = sizeof(u64),
+	.max_entries = 64,
 };
 
-SEC("kprobe/sys_write")
+SEC("kprobe/htab_map_get_next_key")
 int bpf_prog1(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 {
-	u64 count;
 	u32 key = bpf_get_smp_processor_id();
-	char fmt[] = "CPU-%d   %llu\n";
+	u64 count, *val;
+	s64 error;
+
+	count = bpf_perf_event_read(&counters, key);
+	error = (s64)count;
+	if (error <= -2 && error >= -22)
+		return 0;
 
-	count = bpf_perf_event_read(&my_map, key);
-	bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt), key, count);
+	val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&values, &key);
+	if (val)
+		*val = count;
+	else
+		bpf_map_update_elem(&values, &key, &count, BPF_NOEXIST);
 
 	return 0;
 }

samples/bpf/tracex6_user.c

-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
-#include "libbpf.h"
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
 #include "bpf_load.h"
+#include "libbpf.h"
 #include "perf-sys.h"
 
 #define SAMPLE_PERIOD  0x7fffffffffffffffULL
 
-static void test_bpf_perf_event(void)
+static void check_on_cpu(int cpu, struct perf_event_attr *attr)
 {
-	int nr_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
-	int *pmu_fd = malloc(nr_cpus * sizeof(int));
-	int status, i;
+	int pmu_fd, error = 0;
+	cpu_set_t set;
+	__u64 value;
 
-	struct perf_event_attr attr_insn_pmu = {
+	/* Move to target CPU */
+	CPU_ZERO(&set);
+	CPU_SET(cpu, &set);
+	assert(sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(set), &set) == 0);
+	/* Open perf event and attach to the perf_event_array */
+	pmu_fd = sys_perf_event_open(attr, -1/*pid*/, cpu/*cpu*/, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
+	if (pmu_fd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "sys_perf_event_open failed on CPU %d\n", cpu);
+		error = 1;
+		goto on_exit;
+	}
+	assert(bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd[0], &cpu, &pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) == 0);
+	assert(ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) == 0);
+	/* Trigger the kprobe */
+	bpf_map_get_next_key(map_fd[1], &cpu, NULL);
+	/* Check the value */
+	if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd[1], &cpu, &value)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Value missing for CPU %d\n", cpu);
+		error = 1;
+		goto on_exit;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "CPU %d: %llu\n", cpu, value);
+
+on_exit:
+	assert(bpf_map_delete_elem(map_fd[0], &cpu) == 0 || error);
+	assert(ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE, 0) == 0 || error);
+	assert(close(pmu_fd) == 0 || error);
+	assert(bpf_map_delete_elem(map_fd[1], &cpu) == 0 || error);
+	exit(error);
+}
+
+static void test_perf_event_array(struct perf_event_attr *attr,
+				  const char *name)
+{
+	int i, status, nr_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
+	pid_t pid[nr_cpus];
+	int err = 0;
+
+	printf("Test reading %s counters\n", name);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
+		pid[i] = fork();
+		assert(pid[i] >= 0);
+		if (pid[i] == 0) {
+			check_on_cpu(i, attr);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
+		assert(waitpid(pid[i], &status, 0) == pid[i]);
+		err |= status;
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		printf("Test: %s FAILED\n", name);
+}
+
+static void test_bpf_perf_event(void)
+{
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_cycles = {
 		.freq = 0,
 		.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD,
 		.inherit = 0,
 		.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
 		.read_format = 0,
 		.sample_type = 0,
-		.config = 0,/* PMU: cycles */
+		.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_clock = {
+		.freq = 0,
+		.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD,
+		.inherit = 0,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
+		.read_format = 0,
+		.sample_type = 0,
+		.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK,
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_raw = {
+		.freq = 0,
+		.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD,
+		.inherit = 0,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_RAW,
+		.read_format = 0,
+		.sample_type = 0,
+		/* Intel Instruction Retired */
+		.config = 0xc0,
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_l1d_load = {
+		.freq = 0,
+		.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD,
+		.inherit = 0,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+		.read_format = 0,
+		.sample_type = 0,
+		.config =
+			PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_llc_miss = {
+		.freq = 0,
+		.sample_period = SAMPLE_PERIOD,
+		.inherit = 0,
+		.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
+		.read_format = 0,
+		.sample_type = 0,
+		.config =
+			PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
+			(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
+	};
+	struct perf_event_attr attr_msr_tsc = {
+		.freq = 0,
+		.sample_period = 0,
+		.inherit = 0,
+		/* From /sys/bus/event_source/devices/msr/ */
+		.type = 7,
+		.read_format = 0,
+		.sample_type = 0,
+		.config = 0,
 	};
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
-		pmu_fd[i] = sys_perf_event_open(&attr_insn_pmu, -1/*pid*/, i/*cpu*/, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
-		if (pmu_fd[i] < 0) {
-			printf("event syscall failed\n");
-			goto exit;
-		}
-
-		bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd[0], &i, &pmu_fd[i], BPF_ANY);
-		ioctl(pmu_fd[i], PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);
-	}
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_cycles, "HARDWARE-cycles");
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_clock, "SOFTWARE-clock");
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_raw, "RAW-instruction-retired");
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_l1d_load, "HW_CACHE-L1D-load");
 
-	status = system("ls > /dev/null");
-	if (status)
-		goto exit;
-	status = system("sleep 2");
-	if (status)
-		goto exit;
-
-exit:
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++)
-		close(pmu_fd[i]);
-	close(map_fd[0]);
-	free(pmu_fd);
+	/* below tests may fail in qemu */
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_llc_miss, "HW_CACHE-LLC-miss");
+	test_perf_event_array(&attr_msr_tsc, "Dynamic-msr-tsc");
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+	struct rlimit r = {RLIM_INFINITY, RLIM_INFINITY};
 	char filename[256];
 
 	snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s_kern.o", argv[0]);
 
+	setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &r);
 	if (load_bpf_file(filename)) {
 		printf("%s", bpf_log_buf);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	test_bpf_perf_event();
-	read_trace_pipe();
-
 	return 0;
 }