Merge branch 'bpf-get-stackid'

Alexei Starovoitov says:

====================
bpf_get_stackid() and stack_trace map

This patch set introduces new map type to store stack traces and
corresponding bpf_get_stackid() helper.
BPF programs already can walk the stack via unrolled loop
of bpf_probe_read()s which is ok for simple analysis, but it's
not efficient and limited to <30 frames after that the programs
don't fit into MAX_BPF_STACK. With bpf_get_stackid() helper
the programs can collect up to PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH both
user and kernel frames.
Using stack traces as a key in a map turned out to be very useful
for generating flame graphs, off-cpu graphs, waker and chain graphs.
Patch 3 is a simplified version of 'offwaketime' tool which is
described in detail here:
http://brendangregg.com/blog/2016-02-01/linux-wakeup-offwake-profiling.html

Earlier version of this patch were using save_stack_trace() helper,
but 'unreliable' frames add to much noise and two equiavlent
stack traces produce different 'stackid's.
Using lockdep style of storing frames with MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES is
great for lockdep, but not acceptable for bpf, since the stack_trace
map needs to be freed when user Ctrl-C the tool.
The ftrace style with per_cpu(struct ftrace_stack) is great, but it's
tightly coupled with ftrace ring buffer and has the same 'unreliable'
noise. perf_event's perf_callchain() mechanism is also very efficient
and it only needed minor generalization which is done in patch 1
to be used by bpf stack_trace maps.
Peter, please take a look at patch 1.
If you're ok with it, I'd like to take the whole set via net-next.

Patch 1 - generalization of perf_callchain()
Patch 2 - stack_trace map done as lock-less hashtable without link list
  to avoid spinlock on insertion which is critical path when
  bpf_get_stackid() helper is called for every task switch event
Patch 3 - offwaketime example

After the patch the 'perf report' for artificial 'sched_bench'
benchmark that doing pthread_cond_wait/signal and 'offwaketime'
example is running in the background:
 16.35%  swapper      [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] intel_idle
  2.18%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] __switch_to
  2.18%  sched_bench  libpthread-2.12.so  [.] pthread_cond_signal@@GLIBC_2.3.2
  1.72%  sched_bench  libpthread-2.12.so  [.] pthread_mutex_unlock
  1.53%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] bpf_get_stackid
  1.44%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] entry_SYSCALL_64
  1.39%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] __call_rcu.constprop.73
  1.13%  sched_bench  libpthread-2.12.so  [.] pthread_mutex_lock
  1.07%  sched_bench  libpthread-2.12.so  [.] pthread_cond_wait@@GLIBC_2.3.2
  1.07%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] hash_futex
  1.05%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] do_futex
  1.05%  sched_bench  [kernel.vmlinux]    [k] get_futex_key_refs.isra.13

The hotest part of bpf_get_stackid() is inlined jhash2, so we may consider
using some faster hash in the future, but it's good enough for now.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

arch/x86/include/asm/stacktrace.h

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ print_context_stack_bp(struct thread_info *tinfo,
 /* Generic stack tracer with callbacks */
 
 struct stacktrace_ops {
-	void (*address)(void *data, unsigned long address, int reliable);
+	int (*address)(void *data, unsigned long address, int reliable);
 	/* On negative return stop dumping */
 	int (*stack)(void *data, char *name);
 	walk_stack_t	walk_stack;

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event.c

@@ -2180,11 +2180,11 @@ static int backtrace_stack(void *data, char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void backtrace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
+static int backtrace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
 {
 	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry = data;
 
-	perf_callchain_store(entry, addr);
+	return perf_callchain_store(entry, addr);
 }
 
 static const struct stacktrace_ops backtrace_ops = {

arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack.c

@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ print_context_stack_bp(struct thread_info *tinfo,
 		if (!__kernel_text_address(addr))
 			break;
 
-		ops->address(data, addr, 1);
+		if (ops->address(data, addr, 1))
+			break;
 		frame = frame->next_frame;
 		ret_addr = &frame->return_address;
 		print_ftrace_graph_addr(addr, data, ops, tinfo, graph);
@@ -154,10 +155,11 @@ static int print_trace_stack(void *data, char *name)
 /*
  * Print one address/symbol entries per line.
  */
-static void print_trace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
+static int print_trace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
 {
 	touch_nmi_watchdog();
 	printk_stack_address(addr, reliable, data);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static const struct stacktrace_ops print_trace_ops = {

arch/x86/kernel/stacktrace.c

@@ -14,30 +14,34 @@ static int save_stack_stack(void *data, char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 __save_stack_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, bool reliable, bool nosched)
 {
 	struct stack_trace *trace = data;
 #ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
 	if (!reliable)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 #endif
 	if (nosched && in_sched_functions(addr))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	if (trace->skip > 0) {
 		trace->skip--;
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	}
-	if (trace->nr_entries < trace->max_entries)
+	if (trace->nr_entries < trace->max_entries) {
 		trace->entries[trace->nr_entries++] = addr;
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		return -1; /* no more room, stop walking the stack */
+	}
 }
 
-static void save_stack_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
+static int save_stack_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
 {
 	return __save_stack_address(data, addr, reliable, false);
 }
 
-static void
+static int
 save_stack_address_nosched(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
 {
 	return __save_stack_address(data, addr, reliable, true);

arch/x86/oprofile/backtrace.c

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ static int backtrace_stack(void *data, char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void backtrace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
+static int backtrace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
 {
 	unsigned int *depth = data;
 
 	if ((*depth)--)
 		oprofile_add_trace(addr);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct stacktrace_ops backtrace_ops = {

include/linux/bpf.h

@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_uid_gid_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_current_comm_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skb_vlan_push_proto;
 extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skb_vlan_pop_proto;
+extern const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto;
 
 /* Shared helpers among cBPF and eBPF. */
 void bpf_user_rnd_init_once(void);

include/linux/perf_event.h

@@ -964,11 +964,20 @@ DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, perf_callchain_entry);
 
 extern void perf_callchain_user(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, struct pt_regs *regs);
 extern void perf_callchain_kernel(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, struct pt_regs *regs);
+extern struct perf_callchain_entry *
+get_perf_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 init_nr, bool kernel, bool user,
+		   bool crosstask, bool add_mark);
+extern int get_callchain_buffers(void);
+extern void put_callchain_buffers(void);
 
-static inline void perf_callchain_store(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, u64 ip)
+static inline int perf_callchain_store(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, u64 ip)
 {
-	if (entry->nr < PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH)
+	if (entry->nr < PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
 		entry->ip[entry->nr++] = ip;
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		return -1; /* no more room, stop walking the stack */
+	}
 }
 
 extern int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid;

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ enum bpf_map_type {
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,
+	BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
 };
 
 enum bpf_prog_type {
@@ -272,6 +273,20 @@ enum bpf_func_id {
 	 */
 	BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output,
 	BPF_FUNC_skb_load_bytes,
+
+	/**
+	 * bpf_get_stackid(ctx, map, flags) - walk user or kernel stack and return id
+	 * @ctx: struct pt_regs*
+	 * @map: pointer to stack_trace map
+	 * @flags: bits 0-7 - numer of stack frames to skip
+	 *         bit 8 - collect user stack instead of kernel
+	 *         bit 9 - compare stacks by hash only
+	 *         bit 10 - if two different stacks hash into the same stackid
+	 *                  discard old
+	 *         other bits - reserved
+	 * Return: >= 0 stackid on success or negative error
+	 */
+	BPF_FUNC_get_stackid,
 	__BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID,
 };
 
@@ -294,6 +309,12 @@ enum bpf_func_id {
 /* BPF_FUNC_skb_set_tunnel_key and BPF_FUNC_skb_get_tunnel_key flags. */
 #define BPF_F_TUNINFO_IPV6		(1ULL << 0)
 
+/* BPF_FUNC_get_stackid flags. */
+#define BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK		0xffULL
+#define BPF_F_USER_STACK		(1ULL << 8)
+#define BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP		(1ULL << 9)
+#define BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID		(1ULL << 10)
+
 /* user accessible mirror of in-kernel sk_buff.
  * new fields can only be added to the end of this structure
  */

kernel/bpf/Makefile

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ obj-y := core.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += syscall.o verifier.o inode.o helpers.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += hashtab.o arraymap.o
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS),y)
+obj-$(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL) += stackmap.o
+endif

kernel/bpf/stackmap.c

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/jhash.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
+#include <linux/perf_event.h>
+
+struct stack_map_bucket {
+	struct rcu_head rcu;
+	u32 hash;
+	u32 nr;
+	u64 ip[];
+};
+
+struct bpf_stack_map {
+	struct bpf_map map;
+	u32 n_buckets;
+	struct stack_map_bucket __rcu *buckets[];
+};
+
+/* Called from syscall */
+static struct bpf_map *stack_map_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr)
+{
+	u32 value_size = attr->value_size;
+	struct bpf_stack_map *smap;
+	u64 cost, n_buckets;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
+
+	/* check sanity of attributes */
+	if (attr->max_entries == 0 || attr->key_size != 4 ||
+	    value_size < 8 || value_size % 8 ||
+	    value_size / 8 > PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	/* hash table size must be power of 2 */
+	n_buckets = roundup_pow_of_two(attr->max_entries);
+
+	cost = n_buckets * sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket *) + sizeof(*smap);
+	if (cost >= U32_MAX - PAGE_SIZE)
+		return ERR_PTR(-E2BIG);
+
+	smap = kzalloc(cost, GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	if (!smap) {
+		smap = vzalloc(cost);
+		if (!smap)
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	err = -E2BIG;
+	cost += n_buckets * (value_size + sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket));
+	if (cost >= U32_MAX - PAGE_SIZE)
+		goto free_smap;
+
+	smap->map.map_type = attr->map_type;
+	smap->map.key_size = attr->key_size;
+	smap->map.value_size = value_size;
+	smap->map.max_entries = attr->max_entries;
+	smap->n_buckets = n_buckets;
+	smap->map.pages = round_up(cost, PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	err = get_callchain_buffers();
+	if (err)
+		goto free_smap;
+
+	return &smap->map;
+
+free_smap:
+	kvfree(smap);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+static u64 bpf_get_stackid(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 flags, u64 r4, u64 r5)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *regs = (struct pt_regs *) (long) r1;
+	struct bpf_map *map = (struct bpf_map *) (long) r2;
+	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
+	struct perf_callchain_entry *trace;
+	struct stack_map_bucket *bucket, *new_bucket, *old_bucket;
+	u32 max_depth = map->value_size / 8;
+	/* stack_map_alloc() checks that max_depth <= PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH */
+	u32 init_nr = PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH - max_depth;
+	u32 skip = flags & BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK;
+	u32 hash, id, trace_nr, trace_len;
+	bool user = flags & BPF_F_USER_STACK;
+	bool kernel = !user;
+	u64 *ips;
+
+	if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_SKIP_FIELD_MASK | BPF_F_USER_STACK |
+			       BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP | BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	trace = get_perf_callchain(regs, init_nr, kernel, user, false, false);
+
+	if (unlikely(!trace))
+		/* couldn't fetch the stack trace */
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	/* get_perf_callchain() guarantees that trace->nr >= init_nr
+	 * and trace-nr <= PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH, so trace_nr <= max_depth
+	 */
+	trace_nr = trace->nr - init_nr;
+
+	if (trace_nr <= skip)
+		/* skipping more than usable stack trace */
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	trace_nr -= skip;
+	trace_len = trace_nr * sizeof(u64);
+	ips = trace->ip + skip + init_nr;
+	hash = jhash2((u32 *)ips, trace_len / sizeof(u32), 0);
+	id = hash & (smap->n_buckets - 1);
+	bucket = rcu_dereference(smap->buckets[id]);
+
+	if (bucket && bucket->hash == hash) {
+		if (flags & BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP)
+			return id;
+		if (bucket->nr == trace_nr &&
+		    memcmp(bucket->ip, ips, trace_len) == 0)
+			return id;
+	}
+
+	/* this call stack is not in the map, try to add it */
+	if (bucket && !(flags & BPF_F_REUSE_STACKID))
+		return -EEXIST;
+
+	new_bucket = kmalloc(sizeof(struct stack_map_bucket) + map->value_size,
+			     GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	if (unlikely(!new_bucket))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	memcpy(new_bucket->ip, ips, trace_len);
+	memset(new_bucket->ip + trace_len / 8, 0, map->value_size - trace_len);
+	new_bucket->hash = hash;
+	new_bucket->nr = trace_nr;
+
+	old_bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], new_bucket);
+	if (old_bucket)
+		kfree_rcu(old_bucket, rcu);
+	return id;
+}
+
+const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_stackid_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_get_stackid,
+	.gpl_only	= true,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+
+/* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */
+static void *stack_map_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
+{
+	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
+	struct stack_map_bucket *bucket;
+	u32 id = *(u32 *)key;
+
+	if (unlikely(id >= smap->n_buckets))
+		return NULL;
+	bucket = rcu_dereference(smap->buckets[id]);
+	return bucket ? bucket->ip : NULL;
+}
+
+static int stack_map_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *next_key)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int stack_map_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key, void *value,
+				 u64 map_flags)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */
+static int stack_map_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *key)
+{
+	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
+	struct stack_map_bucket *old_bucket;
+	u32 id = *(u32 *)key;
+
+	if (unlikely(id >= smap->n_buckets))
+		return -E2BIG;
+
+	old_bucket = xchg(&smap->buckets[id], NULL);
+	if (old_bucket) {
+		kfree_rcu(old_bucket, rcu);
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Called when map->refcnt goes to zero, either from workqueue or from syscall */
+static void stack_map_free(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	struct bpf_stack_map *smap = container_of(map, struct bpf_stack_map, map);
+	int i;
+
+	synchronize_rcu();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < smap->n_buckets; i++)
+		if (smap->buckets[i])
+			kfree_rcu(smap->buckets[i], rcu);
+	kvfree(smap);
+	put_callchain_buffers();
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_map_ops stack_map_ops = {
+	.map_alloc = stack_map_alloc,
+	.map_free = stack_map_free,
+	.map_get_next_key = stack_map_get_next_key,
+	.map_lookup_elem = stack_map_lookup_elem,
+	.map_update_elem = stack_map_update_elem,
+	.map_delete_elem = stack_map_delete_elem,
+};
+
+static struct bpf_map_type_list stack_map_type __read_mostly = {
+	.ops = &stack_map_ops,
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
+};
+
+static int __init register_stack_map(void)
+{
+	bpf_register_map_type(&stack_map_type);
+	return 0;
+}
+late_initcall(register_stack_map);

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ static const struct {
 	{BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY, BPF_FUNC_tail_call},
 	{BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY, BPF_FUNC_perf_event_read},
 	{BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY, BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output},
+	{BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE, BPF_FUNC_get_stackid},
 };
 
 static void print_verifier_state(struct verifier_env *env)
@@ -911,9 +912,12 @@ static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map *map, int func_id)
 		 * don't allow any other map type to be passed into
 		 * the special func;
 		 */
-		if (bool_func && bool_map != bool_func)
+		if (bool_func && bool_map != bool_func) {
+			verbose("cannot pass map_type %d into func %d\n",
+				map->map_type, func_id);
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }

kernel/events/callchain.c

@@ -159,15 +159,24 @@ put_callchain_entry(int rctx)
 struct perf_callchain_entry *
 perf_callchain(struct perf_event *event, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	int rctx;
-	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
-
-	int kernel = !event->attr.exclude_callchain_kernel;
-	int user   = !event->attr.exclude_callchain_user;
+	bool kernel = !event->attr.exclude_callchain_kernel;
+	bool user   = !event->attr.exclude_callchain_user;
+	/* Disallow cross-task user callchains. */
+	bool crosstask = event->ctx->task && event->ctx->task != current;
 
 	if (!kernel && !user)
 		return NULL;
 
+	return get_perf_callchain(regs, 0, kernel, user, crosstask, true);
+}
+
+struct perf_callchain_entry *
+get_perf_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs, u32 init_nr, bool kernel, bool user,
+		   bool crosstask, bool add_mark)
+{
+	struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;
+	int rctx;
+
 	entry = get_callchain_entry(&rctx);
 	if (rctx == -1)
 		return NULL;
@@ -175,9 +184,10 @@ perf_callchain(struct perf_event *event, struct pt_regs *regs)
 	if (!entry)
 		goto exit_put;
 
-	entry->nr = 0;
+	entry->nr = init_nr;
 
 	if (kernel && !user_mode(regs)) {
+		if (add_mark)
 			perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_KERNEL);
 		perf_callchain_kernel(entry, regs);
 	}
@@ -191,12 +201,10 @@ perf_callchain(struct perf_event *event, struct pt_regs *regs)
 		}
 
 		if (regs) {
-			/*
-			 * Disallow cross-task user callchains.
-			 */
-			if (event->ctx->task && event->ctx->task != current)
+			if (crosstask)
 				goto exit_put;
 
+			if (add_mark)
 				perf_callchain_store(entry, PERF_CONTEXT_USER);
 			perf_callchain_user(entry, regs);
 		}

kernel/events/internal.h

@@ -182,8 +182,6 @@ DEFINE_OUTPUT_COPY(__output_copy_user, arch_perf_out_copy_user)
 /* Callchain handling */
 extern struct perf_callchain_entry *
 perf_callchain(struct perf_event *event, struct pt_regs *regs);
-extern int get_callchain_buffers(void);
-extern void put_callchain_buffers(void);
 
 static inline int get_recursion_context(int *recursion)
 {

kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c

@@ -299,6 +299,8 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto *kprobe_prog_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func
 		return &bpf_perf_event_read_proto;
 	case BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output:
 		return &bpf_perf_event_output_proto;
+	case BPF_FUNC_get_stackid:
+		return &bpf_get_stackid_proto;
 	default:
 		return NULL;
 	}

samples/bpf/Makefile

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ hostprogs-y += tracex5
 hostprogs-y += tracex6
 hostprogs-y += trace_output
 hostprogs-y += lathist
+hostprogs-y += offwaketime
 
 test_verifier-objs := test_verifier.o libbpf.o
 test_maps-objs := test_maps.o libbpf.o
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ tracex5-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o tracex5_user.o
 tracex6-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o tracex6_user.o
 trace_output-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o trace_output_user.o
 lathist-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o lathist_user.o
+offwaketime-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o offwaketime_user.o
 
 # Tell kbuild to always build the programs
 always := $(hostprogs-y)
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ always += tracex6_kern.o
 always += trace_output_kern.o
 always += tcbpf1_kern.o
 always += lathist_kern.o
+always += offwaketime_kern.o
 
 HOSTCFLAGS += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
 
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ HOSTLOADLIBES_tracex5 += -lelf
 HOSTLOADLIBES_tracex6 += -lelf
 HOSTLOADLIBES_trace_output += -lelf -lrt
 HOSTLOADLIBES_lathist += -lelf
+HOSTLOADLIBES_offwaketime += -lelf
 
 # point this to your LLVM backend with bpf support
 LLC=$(srctree)/tools/bpf/llvm/bld/Debug+Asserts/bin/llc

samples/bpf/bpf_helpers.h

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ static int (*bpf_redirect)(int ifindex, int flags) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_redirect;
 static int (*bpf_perf_event_output)(void *ctx, void *map, int index, void *data, int size) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_perf_event_output;
+static int (*bpf_get_stackid)(void *ctx, void *map, int flags) =
+	(void *) BPF_FUNC_get_stackid;
 
 /* llvm builtin functions that eBPF C program may use to
  * emit BPF_LD_ABS and BPF_LD_IND instructions

samples/bpf/offwaketime_kern.c

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+#include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/perf_event.h>
+#include <linux/version.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+#define _(P) ({typeof(P) val = 0; bpf_probe_read(&val, sizeof(val), &P); val;})
+
+#define MINBLOCK_US	1
+
+struct key_t {
+	char waker[TASK_COMM_LEN];
+	char target[TASK_COMM_LEN];
+	u32 wret;
+	u32 tret;
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") counts = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+	.key_size = sizeof(struct key_t),
+	.value_size = sizeof(u64),
+	.max_entries = 10000,
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") start = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+	.key_size = sizeof(u32),
+	.value_size = sizeof(u64),
+	.max_entries = 10000,
+};
+
+struct wokeby_t {
+	char name[TASK_COMM_LEN];
+	u32 ret;
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") wokeby = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,
+	.key_size = sizeof(u32),
+	.value_size = sizeof(struct wokeby_t),
+	.max_entries = 10000,
+};
+
+struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") stackmap = {
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
+	.key_size = sizeof(u32),
+	.value_size = PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH * sizeof(u64),
+	.max_entries = 10000,
+};
+
+#define STACKID_FLAGS (0 | BPF_F_FAST_STACK_CMP)
+
+SEC("kprobe/try_to_wake_up")
+int waker(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	struct task_struct *p = (void *) PT_REGS_PARM1(ctx);
+	struct wokeby_t woke = {};
+	u32 pid;
+
+	pid = _(p->pid);
+
+	bpf_get_current_comm(&woke.name, sizeof(woke.name));
+	woke.ret = bpf_get_stackid(ctx, &stackmap, STACKID_FLAGS);
+
+	bpf_map_update_elem(&wokeby, &pid, &woke, BPF_ANY);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int update_counts(struct pt_regs *ctx, u32 pid, u64 delta)
+{
+	struct key_t key = {};
+	struct wokeby_t *woke;
+	u64 zero = 0, *val;
+
+	bpf_get_current_comm(&key.target, sizeof(key.target));
+	key.tret = bpf_get_stackid(ctx, &stackmap, STACKID_FLAGS);
+
+	woke = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&wokeby, &pid);
+	if (woke) {
+		key.wret = woke->ret;
+		__builtin_memcpy(&key.waker, woke->name, TASK_COMM_LEN);
+		bpf_map_delete_elem(&wokeby, &pid);
+	}
+
+	val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&counts, &key);
+	if (!val) {
+		bpf_map_update_elem(&counts, &key, &zero, BPF_NOEXIST);
+		val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&counts, &key);
+		if (!val)
+			return 0;
+	}
+	(*val) += delta;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+SEC("kprobe/finish_task_switch")
+int oncpu(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+	struct task_struct *p = (void *) PT_REGS_PARM1(ctx);
+	u64 delta, ts, *tsp;
+	u32 pid;
+
+	/* record previous thread sleep time */
+	pid = _(p->pid);
+	ts = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
+	bpf_map_update_elem(&start, &pid, &ts, BPF_ANY);
+
+	/* calculate current thread's delta time */
+	pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
+	tsp = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&start, &pid);
+	if (!tsp)
+		/* missed start or filtered */
+		return 0;
+
+	delta = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - *tsp;
+	bpf_map_delete_elem(&start, &pid);
+	delta = delta / 1000;
+	if (delta < MINBLOCK_US)
+		return 0;
+
+	return update_counts(ctx, pid, delta);
+}
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+u32 _version SEC("version") = LINUX_VERSION_CODE;

samples/bpf/offwaketime_user.c

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <linux/perf_event.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include "libbpf.h"
+#include "bpf_load.h"
+
+#define MAX_SYMS 300000
+#define PRINT_RAW_ADDR 0
+
+static struct ksym {
+	long addr;
+	char *name;
+} syms[MAX_SYMS];
+static int sym_cnt;
+
+static int ksym_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	return ((struct ksym *)p1)->addr - ((struct ksym *)p2)->addr;
+}
+
+static int load_kallsyms(void)
+{
+	FILE *f = fopen("/proc/kallsyms", "r");
+	char func[256], buf[256];
+	char symbol;
+	void *addr;
+	int i = 0;
+
+	if (!f)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	while (!feof(f)) {
+		if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f))
+			break;
+		if (sscanf(buf, "%p %c %s", &addr, &symbol, func) != 3)
+			break;
+		if (!addr)
+			continue;
+		syms[i].addr = (long) addr;
+		syms[i].name = strdup(func);
+		i++;
+	}
+	sym_cnt = i;
+	qsort(syms, sym_cnt, sizeof(struct ksym), ksym_cmp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *search(long key)
+{
+	int start = 0, end = sym_cnt;
+	int result;
+
+	while (start < end) {
+		size_t mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
+
+		result = key - syms[mid].addr;
+		if (result < 0)
+			end = mid;
+		else if (result > 0)
+			start = mid + 1;
+		else
+			return &syms[mid];
+	}
+
+	if (start >= 1 && syms[start - 1].addr < key &&
+	    key < syms[start].addr)
+		/* valid ksym */
+		return &syms[start - 1];
+
+	/* out of range. return _stext */
+	return &syms[0];
+}
+
+static void print_ksym(__u64 addr)
+{
+	struct ksym *sym;
+
+	if (!addr)
+		return;
+	sym = search(addr);
+	if (PRINT_RAW_ADDR)
+		printf("%s/%llx;", sym->name, addr);
+	else
+		printf("%s;", sym->name);
+}
+
+#define TASK_COMM_LEN 16
+
+struct key_t {
+	char waker[TASK_COMM_LEN];
+	char target[TASK_COMM_LEN];
+	__u32 wret;
+	__u32 tret;
+};
+
+static void print_stack(struct key_t *key, __u64 count)
+{
+	__u64 ip[PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH] = {};
+	static bool warned;
+	int i;
+
+	printf("%s;", key->target);
+	if (bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd[3], &key->tret, ip) != 0) {
+		printf("---;");
+	} else {
+		for (i = PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+			print_ksym(ip[i]);
+	}
+	printf("-;");
+	if (bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd[3], &key->wret, ip) != 0) {
+		printf("---;");
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH; i++)
+			print_ksym(ip[i]);
+	}
+	printf(";%s %lld\n", key->waker, count);
+
+	if ((key->tret == -EEXIST || key->wret == -EEXIST) && !warned) {
+		printf("stackmap collisions seen. Consider increasing size\n");
+		warned = true;
+	} else if (((int)(key->tret) < 0 || (int)(key->wret) < 0)) {
+		printf("err stackid %d %d\n", key->tret, key->wret);
+	}
+}
+
+static void print_stacks(int fd)
+{
+	struct key_t key = {}, next_key;
+	__u64 value;
+
+	while (bpf_get_next_key(fd, &key, &next_key) == 0) {
+		bpf_lookup_elem(fd, &next_key, &value);
+		print_stack(&next_key, value);
+		key = next_key;
+	}
+}
+
+static void int_exit(int sig)
+{
+	print_stacks(map_fd[0]);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct rlimit r = {RLIM_INFINITY, RLIM_INFINITY};
+	char filename[256];
+	int delay = 1;
+
+	snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s_kern.o", argv[0]);
+	setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &r);
+
+	signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
+
+	if (load_kallsyms()) {
+		printf("failed to process /proc/kallsyms\n");
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	if (load_bpf_file(filename)) {
+		printf("%s", bpf_log_buf);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		delay = atoi(argv[1]);
+	sleep(delay);
+	print_stacks(map_fd[0]);
+
+	return 0;
+}