otherwise ALTER TABLE can break replication

MDEV-18428 Memory: If transactional=0 is specified in CREATE TABLE, it is not possible to ALTER TABLE

fix "engine does not support TRANSACTIONAL=1" error message to
match user input

update mqh in struct user_conn after taking it from the cache

1. only call calc_sum_of_all_status() if a global
   SHOW_xxx_STATUS variable is to be returned
2. only lock LOCK_status when copying global_status_var,
   but not when iterating all threads

sql standard (2016) allows <collate clause> in two places in the
<column definition> - as a part of the <data type> or at the very end.

Let's do that too.

Side effect: in column/SP declaration `COLLATE cs_coll` automatically
implies `CHARACTER SET cs` (unless charset was specified explicitly).
See changes in sp-ucs2.result

Server part:
  kill_handlerton() was accessing thd->ha_data[] for some other thd,
  while it could be concurrently modified by its owner thd.

  protect thd->ha_data[] modifications with a mutex.
  require this mutex when accessing thd->ha_data[] from kill_handlerton.

InnoDB part:
  on close_connection, detach trx from thd before freeing the trx

This reverts the server part of the commit 775fccea
but keeps InnoDB part (which reverted MDEV-17092 5530a93f).

So after this both MDEV-23536 and MDEV-17092 are reverted,
and the original bug is resurrected.

		with wrong data type is added

  Inplace alter fails to report error when fts_doc_id column with
wrong data type is added.

prepare_inplace_alter_table_dict(): Should check whether the column
is fts_doc_id. It should be of bigint type, should accept non null
data type and it should be in capital letters.

A race condition may occur between the execution of transaction commit,
and an execution of a KILL statement that would attempt to abort that
transaction.

MDEV-17092 worked around this race condition by modifying InnoDB code.
After that issue was closed, Sergey Vojtovich pointed out that this
race condition would better be fixed above the storage engine layer:

If you look carefully into the above, you can conclude that
thd->free_connection() can be called concurrently with
KILL/thd->awake(). Which is the bug. And it is partially fixed in
THD::~THD(), that is destructor waits for KILL completion:

Fix: Add necessary mutex operations to THD::free_connection()
and move WSREP specific code also there. This ensures that no
one is using THD while we do free_connection(). These mutexes
will also ensures that there can't be concurrent KILL/THD::awake().

innobase_kill_query
  We can now remove usage of trx_sys_mutex introduced on MDEV-17092.

trx_t::free()
  Poison trx->state and trx->mysql_thd

This patch is validated with an RQG run similar to the one that
reproduced MDEV-17092.

The assertion failed in handler::ha_reset upon SELECT under
READ UNCOMMITTED from table with index on virtual column.

This was the debug-only failure, though the problem is mush wider:
* MY_BITMAP is a structure containing my_bitmap_map, the latter is a raw
 bitmap.
* read_set, write_set and vcol_set of TABLE are the pointers to MY_BITMAP
* The rest of MY_BITMAPs are stored in TABLE and TABLE_SHARE
* The pointers to the stored MY_BITMAPs, like orig_read_set etc, and
 sometimes all_set and tmp_set, are assigned to the pointers.
* Sometimes tmp_use_all_columns is used to substitute the raw bitmap
 directly with all_set.bitmap
* Sometimes even bitmaps are directly modified, like in
TABLE::update_virtual_field(): bitmap_clear_all(&tmp_set) is called.

The last three bullets in the list, when used together (which is mostly
always) make the program flow cumbersome and impossible to follow,
notwithstanding the errors they cause, like this MDEV-17556, where tmp_set
pointer was assigned to read_set, write_set and vcol_set, then its bitmap
was substituted with all_set.bitmap by dbug_tmp_use_all_columns() call,
and then bitmap_clear_all(&tmp_set) was applied to all this.

To untangle this knot, the rule should be applied:
* Never substitute bitmaps! This patch is about this.
 orig_*, all_set bitmaps are never substituted already.

This patch changes the following function prototypes:
* tmp_use_all_columns, dbug_tmp_use_all_columns
 to accept MY_BITMAP** and to return MY_BITMAP * instead of my_bitmap_map*
* tmp_restore_column_map, dbug_tmp_restore_column_maps to accept
 MY_BITMAP* instead of my_bitmap_map*

These functions now will substitute read_set/write_set/vcol_set directly,
and won't touch underlying bitmaps.

fixing windows build.

Problem:
=======
Upon deleting or updating a row in a parent table (with primary key), if
the child table has virtual column and an associated key with ON UPDATE
CASCADE/ON DELETE CASCADE, it will result in slave crash.

Analysis:
========
Tables which are related through foreign key require prelocking similar to
triggers. i.e If a table has triggers/foreign keys we should add all tables
and routines used by them to the prelocking set.  This prelocking happens
during 'open_and_lock_tables' call.  Each table being opened is checked for
foreign key references. If foreign key reference exists then the child
table is opened and it is linked to the table_list. Upon any modification
to  parent table its corresponding child tables are retried from table_list
and they are updated accordingly. This prelocking work fine on master.

On slave  prelocking works for following cases.
 - Statement/mixed based replication
 - In row based replication when trigger execution is enabled through
   'slave_run_triggers_for_rbr=YES/LOGGING/ENFORCE'

Otherwise it results in an assert/crash, as the parent table will not find
the corresponding child table and it will be NULL. Dereferencing NULL
pointer leads to slave server exit.

Fix:
===
Introduce a new 'slave_fk_event_map' flag similar to 'trg_event_map'. This
flag will ensure that when foreign key is enabled in row based replication
all the parent and child tables are prelocked, so that parent is able to
locate the child table.

Note: This issue is specific to slave, hence only slave needs to be
      upgraded.

Analysis: select into outfile creates files everytime with 666 permission,
regardsless if umask environment variables and umask settings on OS level.
It seems hardcoded.
Fix: change 0666 to 0644 which will let anybody consume the file but not
change it.

MDEV-19442 server_audit plugin doesn't consider proxy users in server_audit_excl_users/server_audit_incl_users.

Check the proxy user just as the connection user against the
incl_users_list and excl_users_list.

This corresponds to 10.5 commit 39378e13.

With a patched version of the test innodb.ibuf_not_empty (so that
it would trigger crash recovery after using the change buffer),
and patched code that would modify the os_thread_sleep() in
recv_apply_hashed_log_recs() to be 1ms as well as add a sleep of
the same duration to the end of recv_recover_page() when
recv_sys->n_addrs=0, we can demonstrate a race condition.

After disabling some debug checks in buf_all_freed_instance(),
buf_pool_invalidate_instance() and buf_validate(), we managed to
trigger an assertion failure in fseg_free_step(), on the XDES_FREE_BIT.
In other words, an trx_undo_seg_free() call during
trx_rollback_resurrected() was attempting a double-free of a page.
This was repeated about once in 400 to 500 test runs. With the fix
applied, the test passed 2,000 runs.

recv_apply_hashed_log_recs(): Do not only wait for recv_sys->n_addrs
to reach 0, but also wait for buf_get_n_pending_read_ios() to reach 0,
to guarantee that buf_page_io_complete() will not be executing
ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page().

Issues MDEV-23851 and MDEV-24229 are probably duplicates and are caused by the new self-asserting function lock0lock.cc:wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait().
The criteria for asserting is too strict and does not take in consideration scenarios of "false positive" lock conflicts, which are resolved by replaying the local transaction.
As a fix, this PR is relaxing the assert criteria by two conditions, which skip assert if high priority transactions are locking in correct order or if conflicting high priority lock holder is aborting and has just not yet released the lock.

Alternative fix would be to remove wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait() altogether, or remove the assert in this function and let it only print warnings in error log.
But in my high conflict rate multi-master test scenario, this relaxed asserting appears to be safe.

This PR also removes two wsrep_report_bf_lock_wait() calls in innodb lock manager, which cause mutex access assert in debug builds.

Foreign key appending missed handling of data types of float and double in INSERT execution. This is not directly related to the actual issue here but is fixed in this PR nevertheless. Missing these foreign keys values in certification could cause problems in some multi-master load scenarios.

Finally, some problem reports suggest that some of the issues reported in MDEV-23851 might relate to false positive lock conflicts over unique secondary index gaps. There is separate work for relaxing UK index gap locking of replication appliers, and separate PR will be submitted for it, with a related mtr test as well.

Fix a trivial error in the fix for MDEV-21958: check the key in the right
table.

MDEV-22630 mysql_upgrade (MariaDB 5.2.X --> MariaDB 10.3.X) does not fix auth_string to change it to authentication_string

cherry-pick from 10.4:

  commit b976b9bf
  Author: Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.com>
  Date:   Tue Apr 21 18:40:15 2020 +0200

    MDEV-21244 mysql_upgrade creating empty global_priv table

    support upgrades from 5.2 privilege tables

in particular, it caused escape_item->is_expensive() property
to be lost instead of being properly propagated up.

Part II.

It's still possible to bypass Item_func_like::escape
initialization in Item_func_like::fix_fields().

This requires ESCAPE argument being a cacheable subquery
that uses tables and is inside a derived table which
is used in multi-update.

Instead of implementing a complex or expensive fix for
this particular ridiculously artificial case, let's simply disallow it.

in queries like

  create view v1 as select 2 like 1 escape (3 in (select 0 union select 1));
  select 2 union select * from v1;

Item_func_like::escape was left uninitialized, because
Item_in_optimizer is const_during_execution()
but not actually const_item() during execution.

It's not, because const subquery evaluation was disabled for derived.
Practically it only needs to be disabled for multi-update
that runs fix_fields() before all tables are locked.

this happens if Item_func_like is copied (get_copy()).
after one copy gets fixed, the other tries to fix escape item again.

At end_connection make sure we have wsrep before trying to free
connection assigned to it.

MDEV-22008 rpl.rpl_semi_sync fails in bb, MDEV-24418 reenable binlog_truncate_innodb and binlog_spurious_ddl_errors, rpl_parallel_retry fails in bb

row_upd_clust_step() calls row_upd_del_mark_clust_rec() which would
allocate some memory in row_ins_foreign_fill_virtual(). Then,
row_upd_store_row() would access the allocated memory, but only after
potentially freeing that memory by invoking mem_heap_empty(),
leading to ASAN heap-use-after-free diagnostics.

row_ins_foreign_fill_virtual(): Use a more appropriate memory heap with a
longer lifetime.

Due to this bug the server reported bogus messages about lack of SELECT
privileges for base tables used in the specifications of CTE tables.
It happened only if such a CTE were referred to at least twice.
For any non-recursive reference to CTE that is not primary the
specification of the CTE is cloned. The function check_table_access() is
called for such reference. The function checks privileges of the tables
referenced in the specification. As no name resolution was performed for
CTE references whose definitions occurred outside the specification before
the call of check_table_access() that was supposed to check the access
rights of the underlying tables these references were considered
as references to base tables rather than references to CTEs. Yet for CTEs
as well as for derived tables no privileges are needed and thus cannot
be granted.
The patch ensures proper name resolution of all references to CTEs before
any acl checks.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>