Fix for HackerOne XSS vulnerability in markdown

This is an updated blacklist patch to fix https://dev.gitlab.org/gitlab/gitlabhq/merge_requests/2007. No text is removed. Dangerous schemes/protocols and invalid URIs are left intact but not linked.

Fixes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/23153

See merge request !2015
Signed-off-by: Rémy Coutable <remy@rymai.me>