It causes issues while profiling or debugging where global variables can end up inadvertently changed.

Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4609

The condition should only evaluate to True when assigning __dict__, but it currently does for _, d, i, etc. as well as resulting in the following potential issues:

* Non-member are being assigned to the object instead of raising.
* The one-field rule can be bypassed.
* Valid members that pass the condition are being assigned raw and are never cast to the specified type.

The condition should only evaluate to True when assigning __dict__, but it currently does for _, d, i, etc. as well as resulting in the following potential issues:

* Non-member are being assigned to the object instead of raising.
* The one-field rule can be bypassed.
* Valid members that pass the condition are being assigned raw and are never cast to the specified type.

The presence of this generic special method should not prevent Cython from making a class pickleable.

Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4730

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4704

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4722

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4722

Disable "CYTHON_UPDATE_DESCRIPTOR_DOC" for Pyston. It was previously only enabled for CPython and should only have been enabled additionally for recent PyPy versions.

Stop using "PyBytesObject.ob_shash" in Py3.11, where it is deprecated. It was just an optimisation that isn't very important for byte strings any more.

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4721

Add exception handling for `libcpp::stack::push`

Since cimporting directly from "cpython" has long been deprecated.

e.g. https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4707

Acquire the GIL in nogil functions only when strictly needed on function exit, e.g. for cleaning up temp variables from with-gil blocks or adding tracebacks.

Closes GH-3554
Closes GH-4637

The license follows that of the official Python logo, which it is derived from.

Unconditionally adding `/D_USE_MATH_DEFINES` via cmdline triggers `-Wmacro-redefined` in cython-generated code.

Unconditionally adding `/D_USE_MATH_DEFINES` via cmdline triggers `-Wmacro-redefined` in cython-generated code.

It appears to have been be used for Python < 2.6 (which didn't have the new buffer protocol).
Most of the mechanism had already been removed, but the capsule attributes that it relied on were still generated.

Also removed some utility code that was only used for this feature.

For fused functions it makes sense that the return type is ignored
(a function can't be specialized based on return type alone) but
for function pointers the return type should be included (since
such a pointer might be an argument to a fused function)

Fixes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4644

Make the pickle test actually test that auto-pickling uses the right checksum (and not a user implemented reduce method that uses no checksums at all).

Make error message more readable by using hex integer values for all presented checksums, not just the compile time ones.

For the auto-pickle checksum, allow SHA-1 and SHA-256 which are used by Cython 3.x pickles now. Otherwise stick to MD5 since that was used before.

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/4680