Added cache:key to .gitlab-ci.yml allowing to fine tune the caching

The `cache:key` allows you to define the affinity mask of caching, allowing to have single cache for all jobs, or cache per-job, or per-branch, or any other way you would need:

1. Cache per-build for all branches:

```
cache:
    key: "$CI_BUILD_NAME"
    untracked: true
```

2. Cache per-branch for all jobs:

```
cache:
    key: "$CI_BUILD_REF"
    untracked: true
```



/cc @DouweM @grzesiek @axil


See merge request !2436