ext4: dio take shared inode lock when overwriting preallocated blocks

In the dio write path, we only take shared inode lock for the case of
aligned overwriting initialized blocks inside EOF. But for overwriting
preallocated blocks, it may only need to split unwritten extents, this
procedure has been protected under i_data_sem lock, it's safe to
release the exclusive inode lock and take shared inode lock.

This could give a significant speed up for multi-threaded writes. Test
on Intel Xeon Gold 6140 and nvme SSD with below fio parameters.

 direct=1
 ioengine=libaio
 iodepth=10
 numjobs=10
 runtime=60
 rw=randwrite
 size=100G

And the test result are:
Before:
 bs=4k       IOPS=11.1k, BW=43.2MiB/s
 bs=16k      IOPS=11.1k, BW=173MiB/s
 bs=64k      IOPS=11.2k, BW=697MiB/s

After:
 bs=4k       IOPS=41.4k, BW=162MiB/s
 bs=16k      IOPS=41.3k, BW=646MiB/s
 bs=64k      IOPS=13.5k, BW=843MiB/s
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221226062015.3479416-1-yi.zhang@huaweicloud.comSigned-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

fs/ext4/file.c

@@ -202,8 +202,9 @@ ext4_extending_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, size_t len)
 	return false;
 }
 
-/* Is IO overwriting allocated and initialized blocks? */
-static bool ext4_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, loff_t len)
+/* Is IO overwriting allocated or initialized blocks? */
+static bool ext4_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode,
+			      loff_t pos, loff_t len, bool *unwritten)
 {
 	struct ext4_map_blocks map;
 	unsigned int blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
@@ -217,12 +218,15 @@ static bool ext4_overwrite_io(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, loff_t len)
 	blklen = map.m_len;
 
 	err = ext4_map_blocks(NULL, inode, &map, 0);
+	if (err != blklen)
+		return false;
 	/*
 	 * 'err==len' means that all of the blocks have been preallocated,
-	 * regardless of whether they have been initialized or not. To exclude
-	 * unwritten extents, we need to check m_flags.
+	 * regardless of whether they have been initialized or not. We need to
+	 * check m_flags to distinguish the unwritten extents.
 	 */
-	return err == blklen && (map.m_flags & EXT4_MAP_MAPPED);
+	*unwritten = !(map.m_flags & EXT4_MAP_MAPPED);
+	return true;
 }
 
 static ssize_t ext4_generic_write_checks(struct kiocb *iocb,
@@ -431,11 +435,16 @@ static const struct iomap_dio_ops ext4_dio_write_ops = {
  * - For extending writes case we don't take the shared lock, since it requires
  *   updating inode i_disksize and/or orphan handling with exclusive lock.
  *
- * - shared locking will only be true mostly with overwrites. Otherwise we will
- *   switch to exclusive i_rwsem lock.
+ * - shared locking will only be true mostly with overwrites, including
+ *   initialized blocks and unwritten blocks. For overwrite unwritten blocks
+ *   we protect splitting extents by i_data_sem in ext4_inode_info, so we can
+ *   also release exclusive i_rwsem lock.
+ *
+ * - Otherwise we will switch to exclusive i_rwsem lock.
  */
 static ssize_t ext4_dio_write_checks(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
-				     bool *ilock_shared, bool *extend)
+				     bool *ilock_shared, bool *extend,
+				     bool *unwritten)
 {
 	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
@@ -459,7 +468,7 @@ static ssize_t ext4_dio_write_checks(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
 	 * in file_modified().
 	 */
 	if (*ilock_shared && (!IS_NOSEC(inode) || *extend ||
-	     !ext4_overwrite_io(inode, offset, count))) {
+	     !ext4_overwrite_io(inode, offset, count, unwritten))) {
 		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) {
 			ret = -EAGAIN;
 			goto out;
@@ -491,7 +500,7 @@ static ssize_t ext4_dio_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 	loff_t offset = iocb->ki_pos;
 	size_t count = iov_iter_count(from);
 	const struct iomap_ops *iomap_ops = &ext4_iomap_ops;
-	bool extend = false, unaligned_io = false;
+	bool extend = false, unaligned_io = false, unwritten = false;
 	bool ilock_shared = true;
 
 	/*
@@ -534,7 +543,8 @@ static ssize_t ext4_dio_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 		return ext4_buffered_write_iter(iocb, from);
 	}
 
-	ret = ext4_dio_write_checks(iocb, from, &ilock_shared, &extend);
+	ret = ext4_dio_write_checks(iocb, from,
+				    &ilock_shared, &extend, &unwritten);
 	if (ret <= 0)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -582,7 +592,7 @@ static ssize_t ext4_dio_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 	}
 
-	if (ilock_shared)
+	if (ilock_shared && !unwritten)
 		iomap_ops = &ext4_iomap_overwrite_ops;
 	ret = iomap_dio_rw(iocb, from, iomap_ops, &ext4_dio_write_ops,
 			   (unaligned_io || extend) ? IOMAP_DIO_FORCE_WAIT : 0,