LoongArch: Add guess unwinder support

Name "guess unwinder" comes from x86, it scans the stack and reports
every kernel text address it finds.

Unwinders can be used by dump_stack() and other stacktrace functions.

Three stages when we do unwind,
  1) unwind_start(), the prapare of unwinding, fill unwind_state.
  2) unwind_done(), judge whether the unwind process is finished or not.
  3) unwind_next_frame(), unwind the next frame.

Add get_stack_info() to get stack info. At present we have irq stack and
task stack. The next_sp is the key info between two types of stacks.

Dividing unwinder helps to add new unwinders in the future.
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>

arch/loongarch/Kconfig.debug

+config UNWINDER_GUESS
+	bool "Guess unwinder"
+	help
+	  This option enables the "guess" unwinder for unwinding kernel stack
+	  traces.  It scans the stack and reports every kernel text address it
+	  finds.  Some of the addresses it reports may be incorrect.
+
+	  While this option often produces false positives, it can still be
+	  useful in many cases.

arch/loongarch/include/asm/stacktrace.h

@@ -10,6 +10,21 @@
 #include <asm/loongarch.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
 
+enum stack_type {
+	STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+	STACK_TYPE_IRQ,
+	STACK_TYPE_TASK,
+};
+
+struct stack_info {
+	enum stack_type type;
+	unsigned long begin, end, next_sp;
+};
+
+bool in_irq_stack(unsigned long stack, struct stack_info *info);
+bool in_task_stack(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task, struct stack_info *info);
+int get_stack_info(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task, struct stack_info *info);
+
 #define STR_LONG_L    __stringify(LONG_L)
 #define STR_LONG_S    __stringify(LONG_S)
 #define STR_LONGSIZE  __stringify(LONGSIZE)

arch/loongarch/include/asm/unwind.h

+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Most of this ideas comes from x86.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#ifndef _ASM_UNWIND_H
+#define _ASM_UNWIND_H
+
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
+
+struct unwind_state {
+	struct stack_info stack_info;
+	struct task_struct *task;
+	bool first, error;
+	unsigned long sp, pc;
+};
+
+void unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state,
+		  struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs);
+bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state);
+unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state);
+
+static inline bool unwind_done(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	return state->stack_info.type == STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+static inline bool unwind_error(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	return state->error;
+}
+
+#endif /* _ASM_UNWIND_H */

arch/loongarch/kernel/Makefile

@@ -22,4 +22,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_SMP)		+= smp.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA)		+= numa.o
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_UNWINDER_GUESS)	+= unwind_guess.o
+
 CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds		:= $(KBUILD_CFLAGS)

arch/loongarch/kernel/process.c

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include <asm/reg.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
 #include <asm/vdso.h>
 
 /*
@@ -183,6 +184,66 @@ unsigned long __get_wchan(struct task_struct *task)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+bool in_irq_stack(unsigned long stack, struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned long nextsp;
+	unsigned long begin = (unsigned long)this_cpu_read(irq_stack);
+	unsigned long end = begin + IRQ_STACK_START;
+
+	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
+		return false;
+
+	nextsp = *(unsigned long *)end;
+	if (nextsp & (SZREG - 1))
+		return false;
+
+	info->begin = begin;
+	info->end = end;
+	info->next_sp = nextsp;
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_IRQ;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool in_task_stack(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task,
+			struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned long begin = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(task);
+	unsigned long end = begin + THREAD_SIZE - 32;
+
+	if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
+		return false;
+
+	info->begin = begin;
+	info->end = end;
+	info->next_sp = 0;
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_TASK;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+int get_stack_info(unsigned long stack, struct task_struct *task,
+		   struct stack_info *info)
+{
+	task = task ? : current;
+
+	if (!stack || stack & (SZREG - 1))
+		goto unknown;
+
+	if (in_task_stack(stack, task, info))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (task != current)
+		goto unknown;
+
+	if (in_irq_stack(stack, info))
+		return 0;
+
+unknown:
+	info->type = STACK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
 unsigned long stack_top(void)
 {
 	unsigned long top = TASK_SIZE & PAGE_MASK;

arch/loongarch/kernel/traps.c

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 #include <asm/types.h>
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
 
 #include "access-helper.h"
 
@@ -64,18 +65,16 @@ static void show_backtrace(struct task_struct *task, const struct pt_regs *regs,
 			   const char *loglvl, bool user)
 {
 	unsigned long addr;
-	unsigned long *sp = (unsigned long *)(regs->regs[3] & ~3);
+	struct unwind_state state;
+	struct pt_regs *pregs = (struct pt_regs *)regs;
+
+	if (!task)
+		task = current;
 
 	printk("%sCall Trace:", loglvl);
-#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
-	printk("%s\n", loglvl);
-#endif
-	while (!kstack_end(sp)) {
-		if (__get_addr(&addr, sp++, user)) {
-			printk("%s (Bad stack address)", loglvl);
-			break;
-		}
-		if (__kernel_text_address(addr))
+	for (unwind_start(&state, task, pregs);
+	      !unwind_done(&state); unwind_next_frame(&state)) {
+		addr = unwind_get_return_address(&state);
 		print_ip_sym(loglvl, addr);
 	}
 	printk("%s\n", loglvl);

arch/loongarch/kernel/unwind_guess.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include <asm/unwind.h>
+
+unsigned long unwind_get_return_address(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return 0;
+	else if (state->first)
+		return state->pc;
+
+	return *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_get_return_address);
+
+void unwind_start(struct unwind_state *state, struct task_struct *task,
+		    struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
+
+	if (regs) {
+		state->sp = regs->regs[3];
+		state->pc = regs->csr_era;
+	}
+
+	state->task = task;
+	state->first = true;
+
+	get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, &state->stack_info);
+
+	if (!unwind_done(state) && !__kernel_text_address(state->pc))
+		unwind_next_frame(state);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_start);
+
+bool unwind_next_frame(struct unwind_state *state)
+{
+	struct stack_info *info = &state->stack_info;
+	unsigned long addr;
+
+	if (unwind_done(state))
+		return false;
+
+	if (state->first)
+		state->first = false;
+
+	do {
+		for (state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		     state->sp < info->end;
+		     state->sp += sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+			addr = *(unsigned long *)(state->sp);
+
+			if (__kernel_text_address(addr))
+				return true;
+		}
+
+		state->sp = info->next_sp;
+
+	} while (!get_stack_info(state->sp, state->task, info));
+
+	return false;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unwind_next_frame);