drop_caches: add some documentation and info message

There is plenty of anecdotal evidence and a load of blog posts
suggesting that using "drop_caches" periodically keeps your system
running in "tip top shape".  Perhaps adding some kernel documentation
will increase the amount of accurate data on its use.

If we are not shrinking caches effectively, then we have real bugs.
Using drop_caches will simply mask the bugs and make them harder to
find, but certainly does not fix them, nor is it an appropriate
"workaround" to limit the size of the caches.  On the contrary, there
have been bug reports on issues that turned out to be misguided use of
cache dropping.

Dropping caches is a very drastic and disruptive operation that is good
for debugging and running tests, but if it creates bug reports from
production use, kernel developers should be aware of its use.

Add a bit more documentation about it, a syslog message to track down
abusers, and vmstat drop counters to help analyze problem reports.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
[hannes@cmpxchg.org: add runtime suppression control]
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt

@@ -175,18 +175,39 @@ Setting this to zero disables periodic writeback altogether.
 
 drop_caches
 
-Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, dentries and
-inodes from memory, causing that memory to become free.
+Writing to this will cause the kernel to drop clean caches, as well as
+reclaimable slab objects like dentries and inodes.  Once dropped, their
+memory becomes free.
 
 To free pagecache:
 	echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
-To free dentries and inodes:
+To free reclaimable slab objects (includes dentries and inodes):
 	echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
-To free pagecache, dentries and inodes:
+To free slab objects and pagecache:
 	echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
 
-As this is a non-destructive operation and dirty objects are not freeable, the
-user should run `sync' first.
+This is a non-destructive operation and will not free any dirty objects.
+To increase the number of objects freed by this operation, the user may run
+`sync' prior to writing to /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.  This will minimize the
+number of dirty objects on the system and create more candidates to be
+dropped.
+
+This file is not a means to control the growth of the various kernel caches
+(inodes, dentries, pagecache, etc...)  These objects are automatically
+reclaimed by the kernel when memory is needed elsewhere on the system.
+
+Use of this file can cause performance problems.  Since it discards cached
+objects, it may cost a significant amount of I/O and CPU to recreate the
+dropped objects, especially if they were under heavy use.  Because of this,
+use outside of a testing or debugging environment is not recommended.
+
+You may see informational messages in your kernel log when this file is
+used:
+
+	cat (1234): drop_caches: 3
+
+These are informational only.  They do not mean that anything is wrong
+with your system.  To disable them, echo 4 (bit 3) into drop_caches.
 
 ==============================================================
 

fs/drop_caches.c

@@ -59,10 +59,22 @@ int drop_caches_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	if (write) {
-		if (sysctl_drop_caches & 1)
+		static int stfu;
+
+		if (sysctl_drop_caches & 1) {
 			iterate_supers(drop_pagecache_sb, NULL);
-		if (sysctl_drop_caches & 2)
+			count_vm_event(DROP_PAGECACHE);
+		}
+		if (sysctl_drop_caches & 2) {
 			drop_slab();
+			count_vm_event(DROP_SLAB);
+		}
+		if (!stfu) {
+			pr_info("%s (%d): drop_caches: %d\n",
+				current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
+				sysctl_drop_caches);
+		}
+		stfu |= sysctl_drop_caches & 4;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }

include/linux/vm_event_item.h

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ enum vm_event_item { PGPGIN, PGPGOUT, PSWPIN, PSWPOUT,
 		PGINODESTEAL, SLABS_SCANNED, KSWAPD_INODESTEAL,
 		KSWAPD_LOW_WMARK_HIT_QUICKLY, KSWAPD_HIGH_WMARK_HIT_QUICKLY,
 		PAGEOUTRUN, ALLOCSTALL, PGROTATED,
+		DROP_PAGECACHE, DROP_SLAB,
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
 		NUMA_PTE_UPDATES,
 		NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES,

kernel/sysctl.c

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static int __maybe_unused neg_one = -1;
 static int zero;
 static int __maybe_unused one = 1;
 static int __maybe_unused two = 2;
-static int __maybe_unused three = 3;
+static int __maybe_unused four = 4;
 static unsigned long one_ul = 1;
 static int one_hundred = 100;
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ static struct ctl_table vm_table[] = {
 		.mode		= 0644,
 		.proc_handler	= drop_caches_sysctl_handler,
 		.extra1		= &one,
-		.extra2		= &three,
+		.extra2		= &four,
 	},
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
 	{

mm/vmstat.c

@@ -813,6 +813,9 @@ const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
 
 	"pgrotated",
 
+	"drop_pagecache",
+	"drop_slab",
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
 	"numa_pte_updates",
 	"numa_huge_pte_updates",