riscv: Add support to dump the kernel page tables

In a similar manner to arm64, x86, powerpc, etc., it can traverse all
page tables, and dump the page table layout with the memory types and
permissions.

Add a debugfs file at /sys/kernel/debug/kernel_page_tables to export
the page table layout to userspace.
Signed-off-by: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
Tested-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

arch/riscv/Kconfig

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ config RISCV
 	select GENERIC_SMP_IDLE_THREAD
 	select GENERIC_ATOMIC64 if !64BIT
 	select GENERIC_IOREMAP
+	select GENERIC_PTDUMP if MMU
 	select HAVE_ARCH_AUDITSYSCALL
 	select HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER
 	select HAVE_ASM_MODVERSIONS

arch/riscv/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -448,6 +448,16 @@ static inline int ptep_clear_flush_young(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 #define __pte_to_swp_entry(pte)	((swp_entry_t) { pte_val(pte) })
 #define __swp_entry_to_pte(x)	((pte_t) { (x).val })
 
+/*
+ * In the RV64 Linux scheme, we give the user half of the virtual-address space
+ * and give the kernel the other (upper) half.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+#define KERN_VIRT_START	(-(BIT(CONFIG_VA_BITS)) + TASK_SIZE)
+#else
+#define KERN_VIRT_START	FIXADDR_START
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Task size is 0x4000000000 for RV64 or 0x9fc00000 for RV32.
  * Note that PGDIR_SIZE must evenly divide TASK_SIZE.

arch/riscv/include/asm/ptdump.h

+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 SiFive
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H
+#define _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H
+
+void ptdump_check_wx(void);
+
+#endif /* _ASM_RISCV_PTDUMP_H */

arch/riscv/mm/Makefile

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ ifeq ($(CONFIG_MMU),y)
 obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += tlbflush.o
 endif
 obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE) += hugetlbpage.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PTDUMP_CORE) += ptdump.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_KASAN)   += kasan_init.o
 
 ifdef CONFIG_KASAN

arch/riscv/mm/ptdump.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 SiFive
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/ptdump.h>
+
+#include <asm/ptdump.h>
+#include <asm/pgtable.h>
+#include <asm/kasan.h>
+
+#define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, fmt, args...)	\
+({						\
+	if (m)					\
+		seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args);	\
+})
+
+#define pt_dump_seq_puts(m, fmt)	\
+({					\
+	if (m)				\
+		seq_printf(m, fmt);	\
+})
+
+/*
+ * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single
+ * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while
+ * iterating over the pte entries. When the continuity is broken it then
+ * dumps out a description of the range.
+ */
+struct pg_state {
+	struct ptdump_state ptdump;
+	struct seq_file *seq;
+	const struct addr_marker *marker;
+	unsigned long start_address;
+	unsigned long start_pa;
+	unsigned long last_pa;
+	int level;
+	u64 current_prot;
+	bool check_wx;
+	unsigned long wx_pages;
+};
+
+/* Address marker */
+struct addr_marker {
+	unsigned long start_address;
+	const char *name;
+};
+
+static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
+#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
+	{KASAN_SHADOW_START,	"Kasan shadow start"},
+	{KASAN_SHADOW_END,	"Kasan shadow end"},
+#endif
+	{FIXADDR_START,		"Fixmap start"},
+	{FIXADDR_TOP,		"Fixmap end"},
+	{PCI_IO_START,		"PCI I/O start"},
+	{PCI_IO_END,		"PCI I/O end"},
+#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
+	{VMEMMAP_START,		"vmemmap start"},
+	{VMEMMAP_END,		"vmemmap end"},
+#endif
+	{VMALLOC_START,		"vmalloc() area"},
+	{VMALLOC_END,		"vmalloc() end"},
+	{PAGE_OFFSET,		"Linear mapping"},
+	{-1, NULL},
+};
+
+/* Page Table Entry */
+struct prot_bits {
+	u64 mask;
+	u64 val;
+	const char *set;
+	const char *clear;
+};
+
+static const struct prot_bits pte_bits[] = {
+	{
+		.mask = _PAGE_SOFT,
+		.val = _PAGE_SOFT,
+		.set = "RSW",
+		.clear = "   ",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_DIRTY,
+		.val = _PAGE_DIRTY,
+		.set = "D",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_ACCESSED,
+		.val = _PAGE_ACCESSED,
+		.set = "A",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_GLOBAL,
+		.val = _PAGE_GLOBAL,
+		.set = "G",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_USER,
+		.val = _PAGE_USER,
+		.set = "U",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_EXEC,
+		.val = _PAGE_EXEC,
+		.set = "X",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_WRITE,
+		.val = _PAGE_WRITE,
+		.set = "W",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_READ,
+		.val = _PAGE_READ,
+		.set = "R",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}, {
+		.mask = _PAGE_PRESENT,
+		.val = _PAGE_PRESENT,
+		.set = "V",
+		.clear = ".",
+	}
+};
+
+/* Page Level */
+struct pg_level {
+	const char *name;
+	u64 mask;
+};
+
+static struct pg_level pg_level[] = {
+	{ /* pgd */
+		.name = "PGD",
+	}, { /* p4d */
+		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 4) ? "P4D" : "PGD",
+	}, { /* pud */
+		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3) ? "PUD" : "PGD",
+	}, { /* pmd */
+		.name = (CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2) ? "PMD" : "PGD",
+	}, { /* pte */
+		.name = "PTE",
+	},
+};
+
+static void dump_prot(struct pg_state *st)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits); i++) {
+		const char *s;
+
+		if ((st->current_prot & pte_bits[i].mask) == pte_bits[i].val)
+			s = pte_bits[i].set;
+		else
+			s = pte_bits[i].clear;
+
+		if (s)
+			pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+#define ADDR_FORMAT	"0x%016lx"
+#else
+#define ADDR_FORMAT	"0x%08lx"
+#endif
+static void dump_addr(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
+	const char *unit = units;
+	unsigned long delta;
+
+	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, ADDR_FORMAT "-" ADDR_FORMAT "   ",
+			   st->start_address, addr);
+
+	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " " ADDR_FORMAT " ", st->start_pa);
+	delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10;
+
+	while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
+		delta >>= 10;
+		unit++;
+	}
+
+	pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c %s", delta, *unit,
+			   pg_level[st->level].name);
+}
+
+static void note_prot_wx(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
+{
+	if (!st->check_wx)
+		return;
+
+	if ((st->current_prot & (_PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC)) !=
+	    (_PAGE_WRITE | _PAGE_EXEC))
+		return;
+
+	WARN_ONCE(1, "riscv/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %p/%pS\n",
+		  (void *)st->start_address, (void *)st->start_address);
+
+	st->wx_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;
+}
+
+static void note_page(struct ptdump_state *pt_st, unsigned long addr,
+		      int level, unsigned long val)
+{
+	struct pg_state *st = container_of(pt_st, struct pg_state, ptdump);
+	u64 pa = PFN_PHYS(pte_pfn(__pte(val)));
+	u64 prot = 0;
+
+	if (level >= 0)
+		prot = val & pg_level[level].mask;
+
+	if (st->level == -1) {
+		st->level = level;
+		st->current_prot = prot;
+		st->start_address = addr;
+		st->start_pa = pa;
+		st->last_pa = pa;
+		pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
+	} else if (prot != st->current_prot ||
+		   level != st->level || addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
+		if (st->current_prot) {
+			note_prot_wx(st, addr);
+			dump_addr(st, addr);
+			dump_prot(st);
+			pt_dump_seq_puts(st->seq, "\n");
+		}
+
+		while (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
+			st->marker++;
+			pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n",
+					   st->marker->name);
+		}
+
+		st->start_address = addr;
+		st->start_pa = pa;
+		st->last_pa = pa;
+		st->current_prot = prot;
+		st->level = level;
+	} else {
+		st->last_pa = pa;
+	}
+}
+
+static void ptdump_walk(struct seq_file *s)
+{
+	struct pg_state st = {
+		.seq = s,
+		.marker = address_markers,
+		.level = -1,
+		.ptdump = {
+			.note_page = note_page,
+			.range = (struct ptdump_range[]) {
+				{KERN_VIRT_START, ULONG_MAX},
+				{0, 0}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL);
+}
+
+void ptdump_check_wx(void)
+{
+	struct pg_state st = {
+		.seq = NULL,
+		.marker = (struct addr_marker[]) {
+			{0, NULL},
+			{-1, NULL},
+		},
+		.level = -1,
+		.check_wx = true,
+		.ptdump = {
+			.note_page = note_page,
+			.range = (struct ptdump_range[]) {
+				{KERN_VIRT_START, ULONG_MAX},
+				{0, 0}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	ptdump_walk_pgd(&st.ptdump, &init_mm, NULL);
+
+	if (st.wx_pages)
+		pr_warn("Checked W+X mappings: failed, %lu W+X pages found\n",
+			st.wx_pages);
+	else
+		pr_info("Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found\n");
+}
+
+static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+	ptdump_walk(m);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(ptdump);
+
+static int ptdump_init(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++)
+		for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits); j++)
+			pg_level[i].mask |= pte_bits[j].mask;
+
+	debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0400, NULL, NULL,
+			    &ptdump_fops);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+device_initcall(ptdump_init);