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Commit 9a11e153 authored by Mauro Carvalho Chehab's avatar Mauro Carvalho Chehab
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Documentation/magic-number.txt: convert it to ReST markup 

- add a title for the document;
- convert the table;
- use quote block for the changelog;
- use monotonic fonts for file names;
- adjust whitespaces and blank lines;
- add it to the user's book.
Signed-off-by: default avatarMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
parent 8887adde
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Documentation/magic-number.txt
View file @ 9a11e153
Linux magic numbers
===================
This file is a registry of magic numbers which are in use. When you This file is a registry of magic numbers which are in use. When you
add a magic number to a structure, you should also add it to this add a magic number to a structure, you should also add it to this
file, since it is best if the magic numbers used by various structures file, since it is best if the magic numbers used by various structures
are unique. are unique.
It is a *very* good idea to protect kernel data structures with magic It is a **very** good idea to protect kernel data structures with magic
numbers. This allows you to check at run time whether (a) a structure numbers. This allows you to check at run time whether (a) a structure
has been clobbered, or (b) you've passed the wrong structure to a has been clobbered, or (b) you've passed the wrong structure to a
routine. This last is especially useful --- particularly when you are routine. This last is especially useful --- particularly when you are
...@@ -12,12 +15,12 @@ for example, does this frequently to pass driver-specific and line ...@@ -12,12 +15,12 @@ for example, does this frequently to pass driver-specific and line
discipline-specific structures back and forth. discipline-specific structures back and forth.
The way to use magic numbers is to declare then at the beginning of The way to use magic numbers is to declare then at the beginning of
the structure, like so: the structure, like so::
struct tty_ldisc { struct tty_ldisc {
int magic; int magic;
... ...
}; };
Please follow this discipline when you are adding future enhancements Please follow this discipline when you are adding future enhancements
to the kernel! It has saved me countless hours of debugging, to the kernel! It has saved me countless hours of debugging,
...@@ -25,134 +28,137 @@ especially in the screwy cases where an array has been overrun and ...@@ -25,134 +28,137 @@ especially in the screwy cases where an array has been overrun and
structures following the array have been overwritten. Using this structures following the array have been overwritten. Using this
discipline, these cases get detected quickly and safely. discipline, these cases get detected quickly and safely.
Changelog::
Theodore Ts'o Theodore Ts'o
31 Mar 94 31 Mar 94
The magic table is current to Linux 2.1.55. The magic table is current to Linux 2.1.55.
Michael Chastain Michael Chastain
<mailto:mec@shout.net> <mailto:mec@shout.net>
22 Sep 1997 22 Sep 1997
Now it should be up to date with Linux 2.1.112. Because Now it should be up to date with Linux 2.1.112. Because
we are in feature freeze time it is very unlikely that we are in feature freeze time it is very unlikely that
something will change before 2.2.x. The entries are something will change before 2.2.x. The entries are
sorted by number field. sorted by number field.
Krzysztof G. Baranowski Krzysztof G. Baranowski
<mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl> <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
29 Jul 1998 29 Jul 1998
Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.45. Right over the feature freeze, Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.45. Right over the feature freeze,
but it is possible that some new magic numbers will sneak into the but it is possible that some new magic numbers will sneak into the
kernel before 2.6.x yet. kernel before 2.6.x yet.
Petr Baudis Petr Baudis
<pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@ucw.cz>
03 Nov 2002 03 Nov 2002
Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.74. Updated the magic table to Linux 2.5.74.
Fabian Frederick Fabian Frederick
<ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net> <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
09 Jul 2003 09 Jul 2003
===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
Magic Name Number Structure File Magic Name Number Structure File
=========================================================================== ===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr include/linux/pg.h PG_MAGIC 'P' pg_{read,write}_hdr ``include/linux/pg.h``
CMAGIC 0x0111 user include/linux/a.out.h CMAGIC 0x0111 user ``include/linux/a.out.h``
MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel drivers/net/mkiss.h MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc drivers/char/n_hdlc.c HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc ``drivers/char/n_hdlc.c``
APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user ``arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c``
CYCLADES_MAGIC 0x4359 cyclades_port include/linux/cyclades.h CYCLADES_MAGIC 0x4359 cyclades_port ``include/linux/cyclades.h``
DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct include/linux/fs.h FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct ``include/linux/fs.h``
FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info ``drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c``
ISICOM_MAGIC 0x4d54 isi_port include/linux/isicom.h ISICOM_MAGIC 0x4d54 isi_port ``include/linux/isicom.h``
PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 drivers/char/pty.c PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 ``drivers/char/pty.c``
PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp include/linux/if_pppvar.h PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp ``include/linux/if_pppvar.h``
SERIAL_MAGIC 0x5301 async_struct include/linux/serial.h SERIAL_MAGIC 0x5301 async_struct ``include/linux/serial.h``
SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state include/linux/serial.h SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state ``include/linux/serial.h``
SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip drivers/net/slip.h SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip ``drivers/net/slip.h``
STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip drivers/net/strip.c STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip ``drivers/net/strip.c``
X25_ASY_MAGIC 0x5303 x25_asy drivers/net/x25_asy.h X25_ASY_MAGIC 0x5303 x25_asy ``drivers/net/x25_asy.h``
SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack ``drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h``
AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp drivers/net/mkiss.h AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp ``drivers/net/mkiss.h``
TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct include/linux/tty.h TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct ``include/linux/tty.h``
MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info drivers/char/synclink.c MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info ``drivers/char/synclink.c``
TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver include/linux/tty_driver.h TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver ``include/linux/tty_driver.h``
MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info ``drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c``
TTY_LDISC_MAGIC 0x5403 tty_ldisc include/linux/tty_ldisc.h TTY_LDISC_MAGIC 0x5403 tty_ldisc ``include/linux/tty_ldisc.h``
USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 ``drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c``
USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth ``drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c``
RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 ``net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c``
USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port ``drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h``
CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group include/linux/ufs_fs.h CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group ``include/linux/ufs_fs.h``
RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port drivers/char/rocket_int.h RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port ``drivers/char/rocket_int.h``
LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse drivers/fc4/fc.c LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str ``drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h``
RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 drivers/net/atarilance.c RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 ``drivers/net/atarilance.c``
NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request include/linux/nbd.h NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request ``include/linux/nbd.h``
RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) mm/slab.c RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state drivers/net/baycom_epp.c BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state ``drivers/net/baycom_epp.c``
ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data ``drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h``
drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig ``include/linux/cdk.h``
ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig include/linux/cdk.h LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso drivers/fc4/fc.c LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls ``drivers/fc4/fc.c``
LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls drivers/fc4/fc.c WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} ``include/linux/wanpipe.h``
WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla_{dump,exec} include/linux/wanpipe.h CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card sound/oss/cs46xx.c LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s ``include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h``
LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info ``include/linux/isdn.h``
ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info include/linux/isdn.h CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info ``drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c``
CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s ``drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h``
ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg arch/*/amiga/config.c CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state ``sound/oss/cs46xx.c``
CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state sound/oss/cs46xx.c SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache ``mm/slab.c``
SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache mm/slab.c COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 ``arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c``
COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card sound/oss/i810_audio.c TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card ``sound/oss/trident.c``
TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card sound/oss/trident.c ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in ``wanrouter.h`` pre 3.9]
ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in wanrouter.h pre 3.9] SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg ``arch/*/amiga/config.c``
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg arch/*/amiga/config.c GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h``
GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) ``mm/slab.c``
RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) mm/slab.c EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev ``drivers/atm/lanai.c``
EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev drivers/atm/lanai.c HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state ``include/linux/hdlcdrv.h``
HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state include/linux/hdlcdrv.h PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel ``drivers/char/pcxx.h``
PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel drivers/char/pcxx.h KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h``
KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state ``sound/oss/i810_audio.c``
I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state sound/oss/i810_audio.c TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state ``sound/oss/trident.c``
TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state sound/oss/trident.c M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card sound/oss/maestro3.c FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header ``drivers/atm/fore200e.h``
FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header drivers/atm/fore200e.h SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot ``drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h``
SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot ``drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h``
SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device ``include/linux/nbd.h``
LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device include/linux/nbd.h OPROFILE_MAGIC 0x6f70726f super_block ``drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h``
OPROFILE_MAGIC 0x6f70726f super_block drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state ``sound/oss/maestro3.c``
M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state sound/oss/maestro3.c VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track ``sound/core/memory.c``
KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device ``drivers/usb/media/pwc.h``
PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device drivers/usb/media/pwc.h NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply ``include/linux/nbd.h``
NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply include/linux/nbd.h ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom ``drivers/atm/eni.h``
ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom drivers/atm/eni.h CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info ``fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h``
CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info fs/coda/coda_fs_i.h DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram ``drivers/scsi/gdth.h``
DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram drivers/scsi/gdth.h YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port ``drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c``
YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb ``drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c``
CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry ``drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c``
QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class ``net/sched/sch_htb.c``
HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class net/sched/sch_htb.c NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s ``arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h``
NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h ===================== ================ ======================== ==========================================
Note that there are also defined special per-driver magic numbers in sound Note that there are also defined special per-driver magic numbers in sound
memory management. See include/sound/sndmagic.h for complete list of them. Many memory management. See ``include/sound/sndmagic.h`` for complete list of them. Many
OSS sound drivers have their magic numbers constructed from the soundcard PCI OSS sound drivers have their magic numbers constructed from the soundcard PCI
ID - these are not listed here as well. ID - these are not listed here as well.
IrDA subsystem also uses large number of own magic numbers, see IrDA subsystem also uses large number of own magic numbers, see
include/net/irda/irda.h for a complete list of them. ``include/net/irda/irda.h`` for a complete list of them.
HFS is another larger user of magic numbers - you can find them in HFS is another larger user of magic numbers - you can find them in
fs/hfs/hfs.h. ``fs/hfs/hfs.h``.
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