item.h

/* Copyright (C) 2000-2003 MySQL AB & MySQL Finland AB & TCX DataKonsult AB

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA */


#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma interface			/* gcc class implementation */
#endif

class Protocol;
struct st_table_list;
void item_init(void);			/* Init item functions */


/*
   "Declared Type Collation"
   A combination of collation and its deriviation.
*/

enum Derivation
{
  DERIVATION_COERCIBLE= 3,
  DERIVATION_IMPLICIT= 2,
  DERIVATION_NONE= 1,
  DERIVATION_EXPLICIT= 0
};

class DTCollation {
public:
  CHARSET_INFO     *collation;
  enum Derivation derivation;
  
  DTCollation()
  {
    collation= &my_charset_bin;
    derivation= DERIVATION_NONE;
  }
  DTCollation(CHARSET_INFO *collation_arg, Derivation derivation_arg)
  {
    collation= collation_arg;
    derivation= derivation_arg;
  }
  void set(DTCollation &dt)
  { 
    collation= dt.collation;
    derivation= dt.derivation;
  }
  void set(CHARSET_INFO *collation_arg, Derivation derivation_arg)
  {
    collation= collation_arg;
    derivation= derivation_arg;
  }
  void set(CHARSET_INFO *collation_arg)
  { collation= collation_arg; }
  void set(Derivation derivation_arg)
  { derivation= derivation_arg; }
  bool aggregate(DTCollation &dt);
  bool set(DTCollation &dt1, DTCollation &dt2)
  { set(dt1); return aggregate(dt2); }
  const char *derivation_name() const
  {
    switch(derivation)
    {
      case DERIVATION_COERCIBLE: return "COERCIBLE";
      case DERIVATION_IMPLICIT:  return "IMPLICIT";
      case DERIVATION_EXPLICIT:  return "EXPLICIT";
      case DERIVATION_NONE:      return "NONE";
      default: return "UNKNOWN";
    }
  }
};

typedef bool (Item::*Item_processor)(byte *arg);

class Item {
  Item(const Item &);			/* Prevent use of these */
  void operator=(Item &);
public:
  static void *operator new(size_t size) {return (void*) sql_alloc((uint) size); }
  static void *operator new(size_t size, MEM_ROOT *mem_root)
  { return (void*) alloc_root(mem_root, (uint) size); }
  static void operator delete(void *ptr,size_t size) {} /*lint -e715 */

  enum Type {FIELD_ITEM, FUNC_ITEM, SUM_FUNC_ITEM, STRING_ITEM,
	     INT_ITEM, REAL_ITEM, NULL_ITEM, VARBIN_ITEM,
	     COPY_STR_ITEM, FIELD_AVG_ITEM, DEFAULT_VALUE_ITEM,
	     PROC_ITEM,COND_ITEM, REF_ITEM, FIELD_STD_ITEM,
	     FIELD_VARIANCE_ITEM, INSERT_VALUE_ITEM,
             SUBSELECT_ITEM, ROW_ITEM, CACHE_ITEM, TYPE_HOLDER};

  enum cond_result { COND_UNDEF,COND_OK,COND_TRUE,COND_FALSE };
  
  String str_value;			/* used to store value */
  my_string name;			/* Name from select */
  Item *next;
  uint32 max_length;
  uint name_length;                     /* Length of name */
  uint8 marker,decimals;
  my_bool maybe_null;			/* If item may be null */
  my_bool null_value;			/* if item is null */
  my_bool unsigned_flag;
  my_bool with_sum_func;
  my_bool fixed;                        /* If item fixed with fix_fields */
  DTCollation collation;

  // alloc & destruct is done as start of select using sql_alloc
  Item();
  /*
     Constructor used by Item_field, Item_ref & agregate (sum) functions.
     Used for duplicating lists in processing queries with temporary
     tables
     Also it used for Item_cond_and/Item_cond_or for creating
     top AND/OR ctructure of WHERE clause to protect it of
     optimisation changes in prepared statements
  */
  Item(THD *thd, Item &item);
  virtual ~Item() { name=0; cleanup(); }		/*lint -e1509 */
  void set_name(const char *str,uint length, CHARSET_INFO *cs);
  void init_make_field(Send_field *tmp_field,enum enum_field_types type);
  virtual void cleanup() { fixed=0; }
  virtual void make_field(Send_field *field);
  virtual bool fix_fields(THD *, struct st_table_list *, Item **);
  virtual int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  virtual void save_org_in_field(Field *field)
  { (void) save_in_field(field, 1); }
  virtual int save_safe_in_field(Field *field)
  { return save_in_field(field, 1); }
  virtual bool send(Protocol *protocol, String *str);
  virtual bool eq(const Item *, bool binary_cmp) const;
  virtual Item_result result_type () const { return REAL_RESULT; }
  virtual enum_field_types field_type() const;
  virtual enum Type type() const =0;
  virtual double val()=0;
  virtual longlong val_int()=0;
  virtual String *val_str(String*)=0;
  virtual Field *get_tmp_table_field() { return 0; }
  virtual Field *tmp_table_field(TABLE *t_arg) { return 0; }
  virtual const char *full_name() const { return name ? name : "???"; }
  virtual double  val_result() { return val(); }
  virtual longlong val_int_result() { return val_int(); }
  virtual String *str_result(String* tmp) { return val_str(tmp); }
  /* bit map of tables used by item */
  virtual table_map used_tables() const { return (table_map) 0L; }
  /*
    Return table map of tables that can't be NULL tables (tables that are
    used in a context where if they would contain a NULL row generated
    by a LEFT or RIGHT join, the item would not be true).
    This expression is used on WHERE item to determinate if a LEFT JOIN can be
    converted to a normal join.
    Generally this function should return used_tables() if the function
    would return null if any of the arguments are null
    As this is only used in the beginning of optimization, the value don't
    have to be updated in update_used_tables()
  */
  virtual table_map not_null_tables() const { return used_tables(); }
  /*
    Returns true if this is a simple constant item like an integer, not
    a constant expression
  */
  virtual bool basic_const_item() const { return 0; }
  virtual Item *new_item() { return 0; }	/* Only for const items */
  virtual cond_result eq_cmp_result() const { return COND_OK; }
  inline uint float_length(uint decimals_par) const
  { return decimals != NOT_FIXED_DEC ? (DBL_DIG+2+decimals_par) : DBL_DIG+8;}
  /* 
    Returns true if this is constant (during query execution, i.e. its value
    will not change until next fix_fields) and its value is known.
  */
  virtual bool const_item() const { return used_tables() == 0; }
  /* 
    Returns true if this is constant but its value may be not known yet.
    (Can be used for parameters of prep. stmts or of stored procedures.)
  */
  virtual bool const_during_execution() const 
  { return (used_tables() & ~PARAM_TABLE_BIT) == 0; }
  virtual void print(String *str_arg) { str_arg->append(full_name()); }
  void print_item_w_name(String *);
  virtual void update_used_tables() {}
  virtual void split_sum_func(Item **ref_pointer_array, List<Item> &fields) {}
  virtual bool get_date(TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate);
  virtual bool get_time(TIME *ltime);
  virtual bool get_date_result(TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate)
  { return get_date(ltime,fuzzydate); }
  virtual bool is_null() { return 0; }
  virtual void top_level_item() {}
  virtual void set_result_field(Field *field) {}
  virtual bool is_result_field() { return 0; }
  virtual void save_in_result_field(bool no_conversions) {}
  virtual void no_rows_in_result() {}
  virtual Item *copy_or_same(THD *thd) { return this; }
  virtual Item *copy_andor_structure(THD *thd) { return this; }
  virtual Item *real_item() { return this; }
  virtual Item *get_tmp_table_item(THD *thd) { return copy_or_same(thd); }

  CHARSET_INFO *default_charset() const;

  virtual bool walk(Item_processor processor, byte *arg)
  {
    return (this->*processor)(arg);
  }

  virtual bool remove_dependence_processor(byte * arg) { return 0; }
  virtual bool remove_fixed(byte * arg) { fixed= 0; return 0; }
  
  virtual Item *this_item() { return this; } /* For SPs mostly. */
  virtual Item *this_const_item() const { return const_cast<Item*>(this); } /* For SPs mostly. */

  // Row emulation
  virtual uint cols() { return 1; }
  virtual Item* el(uint i) { return this; }
  virtual Item** addr(uint i) { return 0; }
  virtual bool check_cols(uint c);
  // It is not row => null inside is impossible
  virtual bool null_inside() { return 0; }
  // used in row subselects to get value of elements
  virtual void bring_value() {}

  Field *tmp_table_field_from_field_type(TABLE *table);
  
  /* Used in sql_select.cc:eliminate_not_funcs() */
  virtual Item *neg_transformer() { return NULL; }
};


// A local SP variable (incl. parameters), used in runtime
class Item_splocal : public Item
{
private:
  
  uint m_offset;
  LEX_STRING m_name;

public:

  Item_splocal(LEX_STRING name, uint offset)
    : m_offset(offset), m_name(name)
  {
    Item::maybe_null= TRUE;
  }

  Item *this_item();
  Item *this_const_item() const;

  inline uint get_offset()
  {
    return m_offset;
  }

  // Abstract methods inherited from Item. Just defer the call to
  // the item in the frame
  enum Type type() const;

  inline double val()
  {
    Item *it= this_item();
    double ret= it->val();
    Item::null_value= it->null_value;
    return ret;
  }

  inline longlong val_int()
  {
    Item *it= this_item();
    longlong ret= it->val_int();
    Item::null_value= it->null_value;
    return ret;
  }

  inline String *val_str(String *sp)
  {
    Item *it= this_item();
    String *ret= it->val_str(sp);
    Item::null_value= it->null_value;
    return ret;
  }

  inline bool is_null()
  {
    Item *it= this_item();
    bool ret= it->is_null();
    Item::null_value= it->null_value;
    return ret;
  }

  inline void make_field(Send_field *field)
  {
    Item *it= this_item();

    it->set_name(m_name.str, m_name.length, system_charset_info);
    it->make_field(field);
  }

  inline Item_result result_type() const
  {
    return this_const_item()->result_type();
  }

  inline bool const_item() const
  {
    return FALSE;
  }

  inline int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions)
  {
    return this_item()->save_in_field(field, no_conversions);
  }

  inline void print(String *str)
  {
    str->append(m_name.str, m_name.length);
  }

  inline bool send(Protocol *protocol, String *str)
  {
    return this_item()->send(protocol, str);
  }
};


class st_select_lex;
class Item_ident :public Item
{
public:
  const char *db_name;
  const char *table_name;
  const char *field_name;
  st_select_lex *depended_from;
  Item_ident(const char *db_name_par,const char *table_name_par,
	     const char *field_name_par);
  Item_ident(THD *thd, Item_ident &item);
  const char *full_name() const;

  bool remove_dependence_processor(byte * arg);
};


class Item_field :public Item_ident
{
  void set_field(Field *field);
public:
  Field *field,*result_field;
  // Item_field() {}

  Item_field(const char *db_par,const char *table_name_par,
	     const char *field_name_par)
    :Item_ident(db_par,table_name_par,field_name_par),field(0),result_field(0)
  { collation.set(DERIVATION_IMPLICIT); }
  // Constructor need to process subselect with temporary tables (see Item)
  Item_field(THD *thd, Item_field &item);
  Item_field(Field *field);
  enum Type type() const { return FIELD_ITEM; }
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const;
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String *val_str(String*);
  double val_result();
  longlong val_int_result();
  String *str_result(String* tmp);
  bool send(Protocol *protocol, String *str_arg);
  bool fix_fields(THD *, struct st_table_list *, Item **);
  void make_field(Send_field *tmp_field);
  int save_in_field(Field *field,bool no_conversions);
  void save_org_in_field(Field *field);
  table_map used_tables() const;
  enum Item_result result_type () const
  {
    return field->result_type();
  }
  enum_field_types field_type() const
  {
    return field->type();
  }
  Field *get_tmp_table_field() { return result_field; }
  Field *tmp_table_field(TABLE *t_arg) { return result_field; }
  bool get_date(TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate);
  bool get_date_result(TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate);
  bool get_time(TIME *ltime);
  bool is_null() { return field->is_null(); }
  Item *get_tmp_table_item(THD *thd);
  friend class Item_default_value;
  friend class Item_insert_value;
};

class Item_null :public Item
{
public:
  Item_null(char *name_par=0)
    { maybe_null=null_value=TRUE; name= name_par ? name_par : (char*) "NULL";}
  enum Type type() const { return NULL_ITEM; }
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const;
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String *val_str(String *str);
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  int save_safe_in_field(Field *field);
  bool send(Protocol *protocol, String *str);
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return STRING_RESULT; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const   { return MYSQL_TYPE_NULL; }
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, struct st_table_list *list, Item **item)
  {
    bool res= Item::fix_fields(thd, list, item);
    max_length=0;
    return res;
  }
  bool basic_const_item() const { return 1; }
  Item *new_item() { return new Item_null(name); }
  bool is_null() { return 1; }
  void print(String *str) { str->append("NULL", 4); }
};

class Item_param :public Item
{
public:    
  bool value_is_set;
  longlong int_value;
  double   real_value;
  TIME     ltime;
  enum Item_result item_result_type;
  enum Type item_type;
  enum enum_field_types buffer_type;
  bool item_is_time;
  bool long_data_supplied;
  uint pos_in_query;

  Item_param(uint position)
  { 
    name= (char*) "?";
    pos_in_query= position;
    item_type= STRING_ITEM;
    item_result_type = STRING_RESULT;
    item_is_time= false;
    long_data_supplied= false;
    value_is_set= 0;
  }
  enum Type type() const { return item_type; }
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String *val_str(String*);
  int  save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  void set_null();
  void set_int(longlong i);
  void set_double(double i);
  void set_value(const char *str, uint length);
  void set_long_str(const char *str, ulong length);
  void set_long_binary(const char *str, ulong length);
  void set_longdata(const char *str, ulong length);
  void set_long_end();
  void set_time(TIME *tm, timestamp_type type);
  bool get_time(TIME *tm);
  void reset() {}
#ifndef EMBEDDED_LIBRARY
  void (*setup_param_func)(Item_param *param, uchar **pos);
#else
  void (*setup_param_func)(Item_param *param, uchar **pos, ulong data_len);
#endif
  enum Item_result result_type () const
  { return item_result_type; }
  String *query_val_str(String *str);
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_STRING; }
  Item *new_item() { return new Item_param(pos_in_query); }
  /* 
    If value for parameter was not set we treat it as non-const 
    so noone will use parameters value in fix_fields still 
    parameter is constant during execution.
  */
  virtual table_map used_tables() const
  { return value_is_set ? (table_map)0 : PARAM_TABLE_BIT; }
  void print(String *str) { str->append('?'); }
};

class Item_int :public Item
{
public:
  const longlong value;
  Item_int(int32 i,uint length=11) :value((longlong) i)
    { max_length=length; fixed= 1; }
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
  Item_int(longlong i,uint length=21) :value(i)
    { max_length=length; fixed= 1;}
#endif
  Item_int(const char *str_arg,longlong i,uint length) :value(i)
    { max_length=length; name=(char*) str_arg; fixed= 1; }
  Item_int(const char *str_arg) :
    value(str_arg[0] == '-' ? strtoll(str_arg,(char**) 0,10) :
	  (longlong) strtoull(str_arg,(char**) 0,10))
    { max_length= (uint) strlen(str_arg); name=(char*) str_arg; fixed= 1; }
  enum Type type() const { return INT_ITEM; }
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return INT_RESULT; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_LONGLONG; }
  longlong val_int() { return value; }
  double val() { return (double) value; }
  String *val_str(String*);
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  bool basic_const_item() const { return 1; }
  Item *new_item() { return new Item_int(name,value,max_length); }
  void print(String *str);
};


class Item_uint :public Item_int
{
public:
  Item_uint(const char *str_arg, uint length) :
    Item_int(str_arg, (longlong) strtoull(str_arg,(char**) 0,10), length) {}
  Item_uint(uint32 i) :Item_int((longlong) i, 10) {}
  double val() { return ulonglong2double((ulonglong)value); }
  String *val_str(String*);
  Item *new_item() { return new Item_uint(name,max_length); }
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  bool fix_fields(THD *thd, struct st_table_list *list, Item **item)
  {
    bool res= Item::fix_fields(thd, list, item);
    unsigned_flag= 1;
    return res;
  }
  void print(String *str);
};


class Item_real :public Item
{
public:
  const double value;
  // Item_real() :value(0) {}
  Item_real(const char *str_arg,uint length) :value(atof(str_arg))
  {
    name=(char*) str_arg;
    decimals=(uint8) nr_of_decimals(str_arg);
    max_length=length;
  }
  Item_real(const char *str,double val_arg,uint decimal_par,uint length)
    :value(val_arg)
  {
    name=(char*) str;
    decimals=(uint8) decimal_par;
    max_length=length;
  }
  Item_real(double value_par) :value(value_par) {}
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  enum Type type() const { return REAL_ITEM; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_DOUBLE; }
  double val() { return value; }
  longlong val_int() { return (longlong) (value+(value > 0 ? 0.5 : -0.5));}
  String *val_str(String*);
  bool basic_const_item() const { return 1; }
  Item *new_item() { return new Item_real(name,value,decimals,max_length); }
};


class Item_float :public Item_real
{
public:
  Item_float(const char *str,uint length) :Item_real(str,length)
  {
    decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC;
    max_length=DBL_DIG+8;
  }
};

class Item_string :public Item
{
public:
  Item_string(const char *str,uint length,
  	      CHARSET_INFO *cs, Derivation dv= DERIVATION_COERCIBLE)
  {
    collation.set(cs, dv);
    str_value.set(str,length,cs);
    /*
      We have to have a different max_length than 'length' here to
      ensure that we get the right length if we do use the item
      to create a new table. In this case max_length must be the maximum
      number of chars for a string of this type because we in create_field::
      divide the max_length with mbmaxlen).
    */
    max_length= str_value.numchars()*cs->mbmaxlen;
    set_name(str, length, cs);
    decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC;
  }
  Item_string(const char *name_par, const char *str, uint length,
	      CHARSET_INFO *cs, Derivation dv= DERIVATION_COERCIBLE)
  {
    collation.set(cs, dv);
    str_value.set(str,length,cs);
    max_length= str_value.numchars()*cs->mbmaxlen;
    set_name(name_par,0,cs);
    decimals=NOT_FIXED_DEC;
  }
  ~Item_string() {}
  enum Type type() const { return STRING_ITEM; }
  double val()
  { 
    int err;
    return my_strntod(str_value.charset(), (char*) str_value.ptr(),
		      str_value.length(), (char**) 0, &err);
  }
  longlong val_int()
  {
    int err;
    return my_strntoll(str_value.charset(), str_value.ptr(),
		       str_value.length(), 10, (char**) 0, &err);
  }
  String *val_str(String*) { return (String*) &str_value; }
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return STRING_RESULT; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_STRING; }
  bool basic_const_item() const { return 1; }
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const;
  Item *new_item() 
  {
    return new Item_string(name, str_value.ptr(), max_length, &my_charset_bin);
  }
  String *const_string() { return &str_value; }
  inline void append(char *str, uint length) { str_value.append(str, length); }
  void print(String *str);
};

/* for show tables */

class Item_datetime :public Item_string
{
public:
  Item_datetime(const char *item_name): Item_string(item_name,"",0,
  						    &my_charset_bin)
  { max_length=19;}
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME; }
};

class Item_empty_string :public Item_string
{
public:
  Item_empty_string(const char *header,uint length) :Item_string("",0,
  							&my_charset_bin)
    { name=(char*) header; max_length=length;}
  void make_field(Send_field *field);
};

class Item_return_int :public Item_int
{
  enum_field_types int_field_type;
public:
  Item_return_int(const char *name, uint length,
		  enum_field_types field_type_arg)
    :Item_int(name, 0, length), int_field_type(field_type_arg)
  {
    unsigned_flag=1;
  }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return int_field_type; }
};


class Item_varbinary :public Item
{
public:
  Item_varbinary(const char *str,uint str_length);
  ~Item_varbinary() {}
  enum Type type() const { return VARBIN_ITEM; }
  double val() { return (double) Item_varbinary::val_int(); }
  longlong val_int();
  String *val_str(String*) { return &str_value; }
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions);
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return STRING_RESULT; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return MYSQL_TYPE_STRING; }
};


class Item_result_field :public Item	/* Item with result field */
{
public:
  Field *result_field;				/* Save result here */
  Item_result_field() :result_field(0) {}
  // Constructor used for Item_sum/Item_cond_and/or (see Item comment)
  Item_result_field(THD *thd, Item_result_field &item):
    Item(thd, item), result_field(item.result_field)
  {}
  ~Item_result_field() {}			/* Required with gcc 2.95 */
  Field *get_tmp_table_field() { return result_field; }
  Field *tmp_table_field(TABLE *t_arg) { return result_field; }
  table_map used_tables() const { return 1; }
  virtual void fix_length_and_dec()=0;
  void set_result_field(Field *field) { result_field= field; }
  bool is_result_field() { return 1; }
  void save_in_result_field(bool no_conversions)
  {
    save_in_field(result_field, no_conversions);
  }
};


class Item_ref :public Item_ident
{
public:
  Field *result_field;				/* Save result here */
  Item **ref;
  Item_ref(const char *db_par, const char *table_name_par,
	   const char *field_name_par)
    :Item_ident(db_par,table_name_par,field_name_par),ref(0) {}
  Item_ref(Item **item, const char *table_name_par, const char *field_name_par)
    :Item_ident(NullS,table_name_par,field_name_par),ref(item) {}
  // Constructor need to process subselect with temporary tables (see Item)
  Item_ref(THD *thd, Item_ref &item)
    :Item_ident(thd, item), ref(item.ref) {}
  enum Type type() const		{ return REF_ITEM; }
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const
  { return ref && (*ref)->eq(item, binary_cmp); }
  ~Item_ref() { if (ref && (*ref) && (*ref) != this) delete *ref; }
  double val()
  {
    double tmp=(*ref)->val_result();
    null_value=(*ref)->null_value;
    return tmp;
  }
  longlong val_int()
  {
    longlong tmp=(*ref)->val_int_result();
    null_value=(*ref)->null_value;
    return tmp;
  }
  String *val_str(String* tmp)
  {
    tmp=(*ref)->str_result(tmp);
    null_value=(*ref)->null_value;
    return tmp;
  }
  bool is_null()
  {
    (void) (*ref)->val_int_result();
    return (*ref)->null_value;
  }
  bool get_date(TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate)
  {
    return (null_value=(*ref)->get_date_result(ltime,fuzzydate));
  }
  bool send(Protocol *prot, String *tmp){ return (*ref)->send(prot, tmp); }
  void make_field(Send_field *field)	{ (*ref)->make_field(field); }
  bool fix_fields(THD *, struct st_table_list *, Item **);
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions)
  { return (*ref)->save_in_field(field, no_conversions); }
  void save_org_in_field(Field *field)	{ (*ref)->save_org_in_field(field); }
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return (*ref)->result_type(); }
  enum_field_types field_type() const   { return (*ref)->field_type(); }
  table_map used_tables() const		{ return (*ref)->used_tables(); }
  void set_result_field(Field *field)	{ result_field= field; }
  bool is_result_field() { return 1; }
  void save_in_result_field(bool no_conversions)
  {
    (*ref)->save_in_field(result_field, no_conversions);
  }
  Item *real_item() { return *ref; }
  void print(String *str);
};

class Item_in_subselect;
class Item_ref_null_helper: public Item_ref
{
protected:
  Item_in_subselect* owner;
public:
  Item_ref_null_helper(Item_in_subselect* master, Item **item,
		       const char *table_name_par, const char *field_name_par):
    Item_ref(item, table_name_par, field_name_par), owner(master) {}
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String* val_str(String* s);
  bool get_date(TIME *ltime, uint fuzzydate);
  void print(String *str);
};

class Item_null_helper :public Item_ref_null_helper
{
  Item *store;
public:
  Item_null_helper(Item_in_subselect* master, Item *item,
		   const char *table_name_par, const char *field_name_par)
    :Item_ref_null_helper(master, &store, table_name_par, field_name_par),
     store(item)
    {}
  void print(String *str);
};

/*
  The following class is used to optimize comparing of date columns
  We need to save the original item, to be able to set the field to the
  original value in 'opt_range'.
*/

class Item_int_with_ref :public Item_int
{
  Item *ref;
public:
  Item_int_with_ref(longlong i, Item *ref_arg) :Item_int(i), ref(ref_arg)
  {}
  int save_in_field(Field *field, bool no_conversions)
  {
    return ref->save_in_field(field, no_conversions);
  }
};


#include "gstream.h"
#include "spatial.h"
#include "item_sum.h"
#include "item_func.h"
#include "item_row.h"
#include "item_cmpfunc.h"
#include "item_strfunc.h"
#include "item_geofunc.h"
#include "item_timefunc.h"
#include "item_uniq.h"
#include "item_subselect.h"

class Item_copy_string :public Item
{
  enum enum_field_types cached_field_type;
public:
  Item *item;
  Item_copy_string(Item *i) :item(i)
  {
    null_value=maybe_null=item->maybe_null;
    decimals=item->decimals;
    max_length=item->max_length;
    name=item->name;
    cached_field_type= item->field_type();
  }
  ~Item_copy_string() { delete item; }
  enum Type type() const { return COPY_STR_ITEM; }
  enum Item_result result_type () const { return STRING_RESULT; }
  enum_field_types field_type() const { return cached_field_type; }
  double val()
  {
    int err;
    return (null_value ? 0.0 :
	    my_strntod(str_value.charset(), (char*) str_value.ptr(),
		       str_value.length(),NULL,&err));
  }
  longlong val_int()
  { 
    int err;
    return null_value ? LL(0) : my_strntoll(str_value.charset(),str_value.ptr(),str_value.length(),10, (char**) 0,&err); 
  }
  String *val_str(String*);
  void make_field(Send_field *field) { item->make_field(field); }
  void copy();
  table_map used_tables() const { return (table_map) 1L; }
  bool const_item() const { return 0; }
  bool is_null() { return null_value; }
};


class Item_buff :public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  my_bool null_value;
  Item_buff() :null_value(0) {}
  virtual bool cmp(void)=0;
  virtual ~Item_buff(); /*line -e1509 */
};

class Item_str_buff :public Item_buff
{
  Item *item;
  String value,tmp_value;
public:
  Item_str_buff(Item *arg) :item(arg),value(arg->max_length) {}
  bool cmp(void);
  ~Item_str_buff();				// Deallocate String:s
};


class Item_real_buff :public Item_buff
{
  Item *item;
  double value;
public:
  Item_real_buff(Item *item_par) :item(item_par),value(0.0) {}
  bool cmp(void);
};

class Item_int_buff :public Item_buff
{
  Item *item;
  longlong value;
public:
  Item_int_buff(Item *item_par) :item(item_par),value(0) {}
  bool cmp(void);
};


class Item_field_buff :public Item_buff
{
  char *buff;
  Field *field;
  uint length;

public:
  Item_field_buff(Item_field *item)
  {
    field=item->field;
    buff= (char*) sql_calloc(length=field->pack_length());
  }
  bool cmp(void);
};

class Item_default_value : public Item_field
{
public:
  Item *arg;
  Item_default_value() :
    Item_field((const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL), arg(NULL) {}
  Item_default_value(Item *a) :
    Item_field((const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL), arg(a) {}
  enum Type type() const { return DEFAULT_VALUE_ITEM; }
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const;
  bool fix_fields(THD *, struct st_table_list *, Item **);
  void print(String *str);
  virtual bool basic_const_item() const { return true; }
  int save_in_field(Field *field_arg, bool no_conversions)
  {
    if (!arg)
    {
      field_arg->set_default();
      return 0;
    }
    return Item_field::save_in_field(field_arg, no_conversions);
  }
  table_map used_tables() const { return (table_map)0L; }
  
  bool walk(Item_processor processor, byte *args)
  {
    return arg->walk(processor, args) ||
      (this->*processor)(args);
  }
};

class Item_insert_value : public Item_field
{
public:
  Item *arg;
  Item_insert_value(Item *a) :
    Item_field((const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL, (const char *)NULL), arg(a) {}
  bool eq(const Item *item, bool binary_cmp) const;
  bool fix_fields(THD *, struct st_table_list *, Item **);
  void print(String *str);
  virtual bool basic_const_item() const { return true; }
  int save_in_field(Field *field_arg, bool no_conversions)
  {
    return Item_field::save_in_field(field_arg, no_conversions);
  }
  table_map used_tables() const { return (table_map)0L; }

  bool walk(Item_processor processor, byte *args)
  {
    return arg->walk(processor, args) ||
	    (this->*processor)(args);
  }
};

class Item_cache: public Item
{
protected:
  Item *example;
  table_map used_table_map;
public:
  Item_cache(): example(0), used_table_map(0) {fixed= 1; null_value= 1;}

  void set_used_tables(table_map map) { used_table_map= map; }

  virtual bool allocate(uint i) { return 0; };
  virtual bool setup(Item *item) { example= item;  return 0; };
  virtual void store(Item *)= 0;
  void set_len_n_dec(uint32 max_len, uint8 dec)
  {
    max_length= max_len;
    decimals= dec;
  }
  enum Type type() const { return CACHE_ITEM; }
  static Item_cache* get_cache(Item_result type);
  table_map used_tables() const { return used_table_map; }
  void print(String *str);
};

class Item_cache_int: public Item_cache
{
  longlong value;
public:
  Item_cache_int(): Item_cache() {}
  
  void store(Item *item);
  double val() { return (double) value; }
  longlong val_int() { return value; }
  String* val_str(String *str) { str->set(value, default_charset()); return str; }
  enum Item_result result_type() const { return INT_RESULT; }
};

class Item_cache_real: public Item_cache
{
  double value;
public:
  Item_cache_real(): Item_cache() {}
  
  void store(Item *item);
  double val() { return value; }
  longlong val_int() { return (longlong) (value+(value > 0 ? 0.5 : -0.5)); }
  String* val_str(String *str)
  {
    str->set(value, decimals, default_charset());
    return str;
  }
  enum Item_result result_type() const { return REAL_RESULT; }
};

class Item_cache_str: public Item_cache
{
  char buffer[80];
  String *value, value_buff;
public:
  Item_cache_str(): Item_cache() { }
  
  void store(Item *item);
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String* val_str(String *) { return value; }
  enum Item_result result_type() const { return STRING_RESULT; }
  CHARSET_INFO *charset() const { return value->charset(); };
};

class Item_cache_row: public Item_cache
{
  Item_cache  **values;
  uint item_count;
public:
  Item_cache_row(): Item_cache(), values(0), item_count(2) {}
  
  /*
    'allocate' used only in row transformer, to preallocate space for row 
    cache.
  */
  bool allocate(uint num);
  /*
    'setup' is needed only by row => it not called by simple row subselect
    (only by IN subselect (in subselect optimizer))
  */
  bool setup(Item *item);
  void store(Item *item);
  void illegal_method_call(const char *);
  void make_field(Send_field *)
  {
    illegal_method_call((const char*)"make_field");
  };
  double val()
  {
    illegal_method_call((const char*)"val");
    return 0;
  };
  longlong val_int()
  {
    illegal_method_call((const char*)"val_int");
    return 0;
  };
  String *val_str(String *)
  {
    illegal_method_call((const char*)"val_str");
    return 0;
  };
  enum Item_result result_type() const { return ROW_RESULT; }
  
  uint cols() { return item_count; }
  Item* el(uint i) { return values[i]; }
  Item** addr(uint i) { return (Item **) (values + i); }
  bool check_cols(uint c);
  bool null_inside();
  void bring_value();
};


/*
  Used to store type. name, length of Item for UNIONS & derived table
*/
class Item_type_holder: public Item
{
protected:
  Item_result item_type;
  Field *field_example;
public:
  Item_type_holder(THD*, Item*);

  Item_result result_type () const { return item_type; }
  enum Type type() const { return TYPE_HOLDER; }
  double val();
  longlong val_int();
  String *val_str(String*);
  bool join_types(THD *thd, Item *);
  Field *example() { return field_example; }
};


extern Item_buff *new_Item_buff(Item *item);
extern Item_result item_cmp_type(Item_result a,Item_result b);
extern Item *resolve_const_item(Item *item,Item *cmp_item);
extern bool field_is_equal_to_item(Field *field,Item *item);