Forward port of r2236
Introduce retry/sleep logic as a workaround for a transient bug
where ::open fails for partitioned tables randomly if we are using
one file per table.  (Bug #33349)


Reviewed by: Heikki

the clustered index record before calling row_upd_index_replace_new_col_vals().

row_build(), row_upd_index_replace_new_col_vals_index_pos(), and
row_upd_index_replace_new_col_vals() are safe.

btr_cur_optimistic_update(), btr_cur_pessimistic_update(): Note that
the B-tree page of the clustered index record is latched in mtr.

trx_undo_prev_version_build(): Add const qualifiers to index_rec
and rec.  Note that the page of index_rec is latched in index_mtr.

row_vers_impl_x_locked_off_kernel(), row_vers_old_has_index_entry():
Note that the stack of versions is locked by mtr and thus it is
safe to call row_build().

btr_rec_copy_externally_stored_field() are safe.

row_merge_copy_blobs(): Note that the table is locked during index creation.
Therefore, none of its BLOBs can be freed.

row_sel_fetch_columns(): Note that rec must be protected by a page latch.
Add const qualifier to rec.

row_sel_get_clust_rec(): Note that the clustered index record is protected
by a page latch that was acquired when the persistent cursor was positioned
and that the latch will be freed by mini-transaction commit.

row_sel_try_search_shortcut(): Check the delete-mark flag before fetching
the columns.  Note that the clustered index record is protected
by a page latch that was acquired when the persistent cursor was positioned
and that the latch will be freed by mini-transaction commit.

row_sel(), row_search_for_mysql(): Note that the clustered index record
is protected by a page latch that was acquired when the persistent cursor
was positioned and that the latch will be freed by mini-transaction commit.

row_sel_field_store_in_mysql_format(): Add const qualifier to data.

row_sel_store_mysql_rec(), row_sel_push_cache_row_for_mysql():
Add const qualifier to rec.  Note that rec must be protected by a page latch.

be protected from being deleted while any externally stored columns are
being fetched.

row_ext_create(),
row_upd_index_replace_new_col_vals(),
row_upd_index_replace_new_col_vals_index_pos(),
row_sel_sec_rec_is_for_blob(),
row_sel_sec_rec_is_for_clust_rec(): Note that the clustered
index record must be covered by a lock or a page latch.

row_upd_sec_index_entry(), row_upd_clust_rec_by_insert(),
row_undo_mod_upd_exist_sec(): Note that these functions probably
do not obtain an appropriate lock on the clustered index record
before fetching any externally stored columns.

of the buffer pool mutex.  Apparently, it is temporarily released also
in older versions of MySQL/InnoDB for the duration of the
btr_search_drop_page_hash_index() call [in buf_LRU_free_block()].

failure.

the buffer pool mutex.  The instrumentation can be activated by
defining UNIV_DEBUG or UNIV_BUF_DEBUG at compilation time.

buf_pool_mutex_exit_forbidden: New variable.  When this is nonzero,
an assertion will fail in buf_pool_mutex_exit().

buf_pool_mutex_exit_forbid(): Macro for declaring that the buffer pool
mutex must not be released.  Calls may be nested.

buf_pool_mutex_exit_allow(): Macro for declaring that the buffer pool
mutex may be released.  Calls may be nested.

buf_LRU_search_and_free_block(): Prohibit buf_pool_mutex_exit() in the
scope of the function.

buf_LRU_free_block(): Prohibit buf_pool_mutex_exit() in buf_buddy_alloc()
and buf_buddy_free().

buf_LRU_block_remove_hashed_page(): Prohibit buf_pool_mutex_exit()
in buf_buddy_free().

buf_pool->mutex: Rename to buf_pool_mutex, so that the wrappers will have
to be used when changes are merged from other source trees.

buf_pool->zip_mutex: Rename to buf_pool_zip_mutex.

buf_pool_mutex_own(), buf_pool_mutex_enter(), buf_pool_mutex_exit():
Wrappers for buf_pool_mutex.

ha_innobase::final_drop_index(): If row_merge_drop_table() fails, clear
the to_be_dropped flags.  This was the error fixed in this commit; the rest
is just additional safety.

ha_innobase::final_drop_index(): After dropping the flagged indexes,
assert that none of the remaining indexes are flagged to_be_dropped.

ha_innobase::prepare_drop_index(): Assert that no index has been flagged
for deletion.  When checking foreign key constraints, simply traverse the
list of indexes and check if any of the indexes that were just flagged
to_be_dropped.  On error, clear the to_be_dropped flags with simple list
traversal.

attempting to reorganize the page, not after the reorganization has succeeded.

(Revisions 2146:2155 were already merged.)

indexes.

buf_buddy_min_n_frames into two, also buf_buddy_max_n_frames.
Set the default values in such a way that a strict LRU policy will apply
for replacing compressed or uncompressed page frames in the buffer pool.

These parameters have not yet been exposed to the MySQL layer.

Add a call to rec_offs_any_extern() as an optimization.

decompression failures.

page_zip_fields_decode(): Add page_zip_fail() diagnostics.

page_zip_apply_log(): Remove double space in page_zip_fail() printout.

page_zip_decompress_node_ptrs(), page_zip_decompress_sec(),
page_zip_decompress_clust_ext(), page_zip_decompress_clust(),
page_zip_decompress(): Add page_zip_fail() diagnostics for inflate()
failures and other errors.

TRX_RSEG_N_SLOTS: Make the definition dependent of UNIV_PAGE_SIZE.

FSP_EXTENT_SIZE: Define as 1 megabyte, as assumed by the code elsewhere.

fseg_create_general(): Add a debug assertion against page overflow.

UNIV_PAGE_SIZE than the default 16384.

MEM_BLOCK_STANDARD_SIZE: Cap to MEM_MAX_ALLOC_IN_BUF when UNIV_PAGE_SIZE
is less than 16384.

ha_create_func(): Invoke mem_heap_create_in_btr_search() with
ut_min(4096, MEM_MAX_ALLOC_IN_BUF) instead of 4096.  The memory
will be allocated from the buffer pool, and with UNIV_PAGE_SIZE
defined to 4096, there would not be any space for the mem_heap
data structure overhead.

Change the format of TRX_IDs in INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables from DEC to
HEX.

The current TRX_IDs are hard to remember and track down: 426355, 428466,
428566, etc.

In HEX:
* there are less "digits", the strings are shorter;
* since there are 16 instead of 10 "digits", the chance of having
  repeating ones are smaller.

The above look like 68173, 689B2, 68A16 in HEX.

Discussed with:	Ken
Approved by:	Heikki (via IM)

Change the output format of transaction ids from 2 32bit numbers separated
by space to a single hex number.

Suggested by:	Heikki
Approved by:	Heikki

is at least 4 kilobytes.

just one parameter: UNIV_PAGE_SIZE_SHIFT.

UNIV_PAGE_SIZE, BUF_BUDDY_SIZES: Define in terms of UNIV_PAGE_SIZE_SHIFT.

BUF_BUDDY_LOW_SHIFT: New macro, to simplify the definition of BUF_BUDDY_LOW
and BUF_BUDDY_SIZES.

PAGE_ZIP_DIR_SLOT_MASK: Relax the compile-time check.  This bitmask must be
one less than a power of two, and at least UNIV_PAGE_SIZE - 1.

btr_copy_blob_prefix(), btr_copy_externally_stored_field_prefix_low():
Document the return value as "number of bytes written", not "bytes written".

trx_undo_page_fetch_ext(): Explain the assertion ut_a(ext_len).

row_build_index_entry(): Explain the assertion ut_a(!ext).

row_create_index_graph_for_mysql(): Move from row0mysql.c to row0merge.c
and rename to row_merge_create_index_graph().  Also change the function
comment to say that the function will create and execute the query graph
for creating the index.

row_merge_create_index(): Remove redundant assignment to trx->error_state.

acquiring the table lock.  The data dictionary should not be locked for
long periods.  Before this change, in the worst case, the dictionary
would be locked until the expiration of innodb_lock_wait_timeout.

Virtually, transaction-level locks (locks on database objects, such
as records and tables) have a latching order level of SYNC_USER_TRX_LOCK,
which is above any InnoDB rw-locks or mutexes.  However, the latching
order of SYNC_USER_TRX_LOCK is never checked, not even by UNIV_SYNC_DEBUG.

ha_innobase::add_index(), ha_innobase::final_drop_index(): Invoke
row_mysql_lock_data_dictionary(trx) only after row_merge_lock_table().

innodb-index.test: Add a test with a large number of externally stored
columns.  Check that there may not be prefix indexes on too many columns.

dict_index_too_big_for_undo(): New function: Check if the undo log may
overflow.

dict_index_add_to_cache(): Return DB_SUCCESS or DB_TOO_BIG_RECORD.
Postpone the creation and linking of some data structures, so that
when dict_index_too_big_for_undo() holds, it will be easier to clean up.
Check the return status in all callers.

dict_index_copy(): Remove the prototype, because this static function
will be defined before its first use.  Add const qualifier to "table".

dict_index_build_internal_clust(), dict_index_build_internal_non_clust():
Add const qualifier to "table".  Correct the comment about setting indexed[].

Non-functional change:
Do not include the terminating '\0' in TRX_I_S_LOCK_ID_MAX_LEN.

row_merge_lock_table().

ha_innobase::final_drop_index(): Set the dictionary operation mode to
TRX_DICT_OP_INDEX_MAY_WAIT for the duration of the row_merge_lock_table()
call.

Active transactions must not switch table or index definitions on the fly,
for several reasons, including the following:

 * copied indexes do not carry any history or locking information;
   that is, rollbacks, read views, and record locking would be broken

 * huge potential for race conditions, inconsistent reads and writes,
   loss of data, and corruption

Instead of trying to track down if the table was changed during a transaction,
acquire appropriate locks that protect the creation and dropping of indexes.

innodb-index.test: Test the locking of CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX.  Test
that consistent reads work across dropped indexes.

lock_rec_insert_check_and_lock(): Relax the lock_table_has() assertion.
When inserting a record into an index, the table must be at least IX-locked.
However, when an index is being created, an IS-lock on the table is
sufficient.

row_merge_lock_table(): Add the parameter enum lock_mode mode, which must
be LOCK_X or LOCK_S.

row_merge_drop_table(): Assert that n_mysql_handles_opened == 0.
Unconditionally drop the table.

ha_innobase::add_index(): Acquire an X or S lock on the table, as appropriate.
After acquiring an X lock, assert that n_mysql_handles_opened == 1.
Remove the comments about dropping tables in the background.

ha_innobase::final_drop_index(): Acquire an X lock on the table.

dict_table_t: Remove version_number, to_be_dropped, and prebuilts.
ins_node_t: Remove table_version_number.

enum lock_mode: Move the definition from lock0lock.h to lock0types.h.

ROW_PREBUILT_OBSOLETE, row_update_prebuilt(), row_prebuilt_table_obsolete():
Remove.

row_prebuilt_t: Remove the declaration from row0types.h.

row_drop_table_for_mysql_no_commit(): Always print a warning if a table
was added to the background drop queue.

of thr_get_trx(thr).

kernel_mutex must be released before calling this function.

innobase_mysql_end_print_arbitrary_thd(),
innobase_mysql_prepare_print_arbitrary_thd(): Assert that the
kernel_mutex is not being held by the current thread.

 
Bugfix: Lock the MySQL mutex LOCK_thread_count before accessing
trx->mysql_query_str to avoid race conditions where MySQL sets it to
NULL after we have checked that it is not NULL and before we access it.
 
Approved by:	Marko

Non-functional change: add "out:" comment for the return value.

 
Non-functional change:
 
Move the prototypes of
innobase_mysql_prepare_print_arbitrary_thd() and
innobase_mysql_end_print_arbitrary_thd() from lock0lock.c to
ha_prototypes.h

Suggested by:	Marko
Approved by:	Marko