ALTER TABLE: don't fill default values per row, do it once.
And do it in two places - for copy_data_between_tables() and for online ALTER.

Also, run function_defaults test both for MyISAM and for InnoDB.

when reading data into the record buffer, the tail of the VARCHAR
(between real and max varchar length) is not written to. initialize the record
buffer to avoid writing uninitialized memory to disk.

update big test results

correct the buffer boundary check

reset default fields not for every modified row, but only once,
at the beginning, as the set of modified fields doesn't change.

exception: INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE - the set of fields
does change per row and in that case we reset default fields per row.

(it was *after* in two cases and *before* in one case)

MDEV-6950 Bad results with joins comparing DATE/DATETIME and INT/DECIMAL/DOUBLE/ENUM/VARCHAR columns
MDEV-6971 Bad results with joins comparing TIME and DOUBLE/DECIMAL columns
Disallow using indexes on non-temporal columns to optimize
ref access, range access and table elimination when the counterpart's
cmp_type is TIME_RESULT, e.g.:
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE indexed_int_column=time_expression;
Only index on a temporal column can be used to optimize temporal comparison
operations.

Removing a redundant and wrong condition which could access beyond
the pattern string range.

Going to 'create_new_string:' caused double freeing alloc_plan (there and at 'end:').

When a master server restarts, it writes a restart format_description event as
the first event in the next binlog file. The parallel slave SQL thread queues
a special restart entry for the current worker thread to signal this, so that
the worker thread can roll back any prior partial transaction that might have
been written to the binlog due to master crashing.

This queueing was missing a mysql_cond_signal() to notify the worker
thread. This could cause the worker thread to not process the restart entry,
and this in turn would cause the SQL thread to hang infinitely waiting for the
worker thread to complete processing.

Fix by adding the missing wakeup signalling for this case.

The test case rpl.rpl_parallel_temptable deliberately crashes the master
server as part of the testing. This makes it unsuitable for Valgrind
testing. So make sure that it will be skipped when testing with Valgrind.

The real problem here was inconsistent handling of entry->commit_errno in
MYSQL_BIN_LOG::write_transaction_or_stmt(). Some return paths were setting it
to the value of errno, some where not. And the setting was redundant anyway,
as it is set consistently by the caller.

Fix by consistently setting it in the caller, and not in each return path in
the function.

The test failure happened because a DBUG_EXECUTE_IF() used in the test case
set an entry->commit_errno that was immediately overwritten in the caller with
whatever happened to be the value of errno. This could lead to different error
message in the .result file.

buildbot on work-amd64-valgrind

Fixed issue by finding out first the current used priority
for both treads and using that seeing did we really change
the priority or not.

MDEV-6917: Parallel replication: "Commit failed due to failure of an earlier commit on which this one depends", but no prior failure seen

This bug was seen when parallel replication experienced a deadlock between
transactions T1 and T2, where T2 has reached the commit phase and is waiting
for T1 to commit first. In this case, the deadlock is broken by sending a kill
to T2; that kill error is then later detected and converted to a deadlock
error, which causes T2 to be rolled back and retried.

The problem was that the kill caused ha_commit_trans() to errorneously call
wakeup_subsequent_commits() on T3, signalling it to abort because T2 failed
during commit. This is incorrect, because the error in T2 is only a temporary
error, which will be resolved by normal transaction retry. We should not
signal error to the next transaction until we have executed the code that
handles such temporary errors.

So this patch just removes the calls to wakeup_subsequent_commits() from
ha_commit_trans(). They are incorrect in this case, and they are not needed in
general, as wakeup_subsequent_commits() must in any case be called in
finish_event_group() to wakeup any transactions that may have started to wait
after ha_commit_trans(). And normally, wakeup will in fact have happened
earlier, either from the binlog group commit code, or (in case of no
binlogging) after the fast part of InnoDB/XtraDB group commit.

The symptom of this bug was that replication would break on some transaction
with "Commit failed due to failure of an earlier commit on which this one
depends", but with no such failure of an earlier commit visible anywhere.

The retry of an event group in parallel replication set the wrong value for
the end log position of the event that was retried
(qev->future_event_relay_log_pos). It was too large by the size of the event,
so it pointed into the middle of the following event.

If the retry happened in the very last event of the event group, _and_ the SQL
thread was stopped just after successfully retrying that event, then the SQL
threads's relay log position would be left incorrect. Restarting the SQL
thread could then try to read events from a garbage offset in the relay log,
usually leading to an error about not being able to read the event.

The code in binlog group commit around wait_for_commit that controls commit
order, did the wakeup of subsequent commits early, as soon as a following
transaction is put into the group commit queue, but before any such commit has
actually taken place. This causes problems with too early wakeup of
transactions that need to wait for prior to commit, but do not take part in
the binlog group commit for one reason or the other.

This patch solves the problem, by moving the wakeup to happen only after the
binlog group commit is completed.

This requires a new solution to ensure that transactions that arrive later
than the leader are still able to participate in group commit. This patch
introduces a flag wait_for_commit::commit_started. When this is set, a waiter
can queue up itself in the group commit queue.

This way, effectively the wait_for_prior_commit() is skipped only for
transactions that participate in group commit, so that skipping the wait is
safe. Other transactions still wait as needed for correctness.

The code that handles free lists of various objects passed to worker threads
in parallel replication handles freeing in batches, to avoid taking and
releasing LOCK_rpl_thread too often. However, it was possible for freeing to
be delayed to the point where one thread could stall the SQL driver thread due
to full queue, while other worker threads might be idle. This could
significantly degrade possible parallelism and thus performance.

Clean up the batch freeing code so that it is more robust and now able to
regularly free batches of object, so that normally the queue will not run full
unless the SQL driver thread is really far ahead of the worker threads.

The bug occured in parallel replication when re-trying transactions that
failed due to deadlock. In this case, the relay log file is re-opened and the
events are read out again. This reading requires a format description event of
the appropriate version. But the code was using a description event stored in
rli, which is not thread-safe. This could lead to various rare races if the
format description event was replaced by the SQL driver thread at the exact
moment where a worker thread was trying to use it.

The fix is to instead make the retry code create and maintain its own format
description event. When the relay log file is opened, we first read the format
description event from the start of the file, before seeking to the current
position. This now uses the same code as when the SQL driver threads starts
from a given relay log position. This also makes sure that the correct format
description event version will be used in cases where the version of the
binlog could change during replication.

In parallel replication, threads can do two different waits for a prior
transaction. One is for the prior transaction to start commit, the other is
for it to complete commit.

It turns out that the same PSI_stage_info message was errorneously used in
both cases (probably a merge error), causing SHOW PROCESSLIST to be
misleading.

Fix by using correct, distinct message in each case.

In parallel replication, the wait_for_commit facility is used to ensure that
events are written into the binlog in the correct order. This is handled in an
optimised way in the binlogging group commit code.

However, some statements, for example GRANT, are written directly into the
binlog, outside of the group commit code. There was a bug that this direct
write does not correctly wait for the prior transactions to have been written
first, which allows f.ex. GRANT to be written ahead of earlier transactions.

This patch adds the missing wait_for_prior_commit() before writing directly to
the binlog.

However, the problem is still there, although the race is much less likely to
occur now. The problem is that the optimised group commit code does wakeup of
following transactions early, before the binlog write is actually done. A
woken-up following transaction is then allowed to run ahead and queue up for
the group commit, which will ensure that binlog write happens in correct order
in the end. However, the code for directly written events currently bypass
this mechanism, so they get woken up and written too early.

This will be fixed properly in a later patch.

The real bug was that open_tables() returned error in case of
thd->killed() without properly calling thd->send_kill_message()
to set the correct error. This was fixed some time ago.

So remove the, now redundant, extra checks for thd->is_error(),
possibly allowing to catch in debug builds more incorrect
error handling cases.

In SAFE_MUTEX builds, reset the wait_for_commit mutex (destroy and
re-initialise), so that SAFE_MUTEX lock order check does not become
confused when the mutex is re-used for a different purpose.

setting of innodb_io_capacity_max

(a) Changed the behaviour so that if you set innodb_io_capacity to a 
value > innodb_io_capacity_max that the value is accepted AND 
that innodb_io_capacity_max = innodb_io_capacity * 2.

(b) If someone wants to reduce innodb_io_capacity_max and 
reduce it below innodb_io_capacity then innodb_io_capacity 
should be reduced to the same level as innodb_io_capacity_max.

In both cases give a warning to user.

Analysis: InnoDB error monitor is responsible to call every second
sync_arr_wake_threads_if_sema_free() to wake up possible hanging
threads if they are missed in mutex_signal_object. This is not
possible if error monitor itself is on mutex/semaphore wait. We
should avoid all unnecessary mutex/semaphore waits on error monitor.
Currently error monitor calls function buf_flush_stat_update()
that calls log_get_lsn() function and there we will try to get
log_sys mutex. Better, solution for error monitor is that in
buf_flush_stat_update() we will try to get lsn with
mutex_enter_nowait() and if we did not get mutex do not update
the stats.

Fix: Use log_get_lsn_nowait() function on buf_flush_stat_update()
function. If returned lsn is 0, we do not update flush stats.
log_get_lsn_nowait() will use mutex_enter_nowait() and if
we get mutex we return a correct lsn if not we return 0.

on work-amd64-valgrind.

Fixed issue by finding out first the current used priority
for both treads and using that seeing did we really change
the priority or not.

MDEV-7073 main.information_schema and main.information_schema_all_engines fail in buildbot on a build without perfschema

main.information_schema: added a condition to the query to exclude perfschema tables
main.information_schema_all_engines: added a call to the include file to check for the presence of perfschema

MDEV-7072 mroonga/wrapper.version_56_or_later_performance_schema fails in buildbot on a build without perfschema

Added a call for the include file to check for the presence of perfschema

MDEV-7071 Spider tests fail due to an unknown option --skip-performance-schema on a build without perfschema

Made the option --loose

Added a call for the include file

table names are case-insensitive.

The bug is not very important per se, but it was helpful to move
Item_func_strcmp out of Item_bool_func2 (to Item_int_func),
for the purposes of "MDEV-4912 Add a plugin to field types (column types)".