Bug#41112: crash in mysql_ha_close_table/get_lock_data with alter table

The problem is that the server wasn't handling robustly failures
to re-open a table during a HANDLER .. READ statement. If the
table needed to be re-opened due to it's storage engine being
altered to one that doesn't support HANDLER, a reference (dangling
pointer) to a closed table could be left in place and accessed in
later attempts to fetch from the table using the handler. Also,
if the server failed to set a error message if the re-open
failed. These problems could lead to server crashes or hangs.

The solution is to remove any references to a closed table and
to set a error if reopening a table during a HANDLER .. READ
statement fails.

There is no test case in this change set as the test depends on
a testing feature only available on 5.1 and later.

Both of our own implementations of rint(3) were inconsistent with the
most common behavior of rint() on those platforms that have it: round
to nearest, break ties by rounding to nearest even.

Fixed by leaving just one implementation of rint() in our source tree,
and changing its behavior to match the most common native
implementations on other platforms.

  
Signed integer format specifier forced to print the binlog header with server_id
negative if the unsigned value sets the sign-bit ON.
  
Fixed with correcting the specifier to correspond to typeof(server_id) == ulong.

Moved the test case for the bug into a separate file (and restored the 
original innodb_mysql test setup).
Used the new wait_show_condition test macro to avoid the usage of sleep

Re-enabling mysqlbinlog.test on Windows - removed the use of grep/sed

Replaced Unix calls with mysql-test-run's built-in functions / SQL manipulation where possible.
Replaced error codes with error names as well.
Disabled two tests on Windows due to more complex Unix command usage
See Bug#41307, Bug#41308

mysqldump included character_set_client magic
that is unknown before 4.1 even when asked for
an appropriate compatibility mode.

In compatibility (3.23, 4.0) mode, we do not
output charset statements (not even in a
"comment conditional"), nor do we do magic on
the server, even if the server is sufficient
new (4.1+). Table-names will be output converted
to the charset requested by mysqldump; if such
a conversion is not possible (Ivrit -> Latin),
mysqldump will fail.

connections
The problem is that tables can enter open table cache for a thread without 
being properly cleaned up. This can happen if make_join_statistics() fails 
to read a const table because of e.g. a deadlock. It does set a member of 
TABLE structure to a value it allocates, but doesn't clean-up this setting 
on error nor does it set the rest of the members in JOIN to allow for 
automatic cleanup.
As a result when such an error occurs and the next statement depends re-uses 
the table from the open tables cache it will get it with this 
TABLE::reginfo.join_tab pointing to a memory area that's freed.
Fixed by making sure make_join_statistics() cleans up TABLE::reginfo.join_tab 
on error.

In case of ROW item each compared pair does not
check if argumet collations can be aggregated and
thus appropiriate item conversion does not happen.
The fix is to add the check and convertion for ROW
pairs.

returns short string value. 
 
Multibyte character sets were not taken into account when 
calculating max_length in Item_param::convert_str_value(). As a 
result, string parameters of a prepared statement could be 
truncated later when calculating string length in characters by 
dividing length in bytes by the charset's mbmaxlen value (e.g. in 
Field_varstring::store()). 
 
Fixed by taking charset's mbmaxlen into account when calculating 
max_length in Item_param::convert_str_value().

Typo existed in help-text for command "charset" in mysql
client, making the parameter-name different for long and
short forms of the command for no good reason.

Fixed.

      
Removed the misleading "NOTE:" from the \h command. 

replace wild_case_compare with my_wildcmp which is multibyte safe function

Options got normalised to long rather than short options
since we gave primary name and alias in wrong order.
Consequently querying for the option using the short
options (the correct primary name) didn't work, rendering
the options in question inaccessible.

We restore the right order of the universe, or at least
the alii for --debug and --verbose.

Dirty close tricky does not work on Windows.

      
Additional fix:
 1. Revert the unification of DROP FUNCTION
and DROP PROCEDURE, because DROP FUNCTION can be used to
drop UDFs (that have a non-qualified name and don't require
database name to be present and valid).
 2. Fixed the case sensitivity problem by adding a call to 
check_db_name() (similar to the sp_name production).

      
MATCH() function accepts column list as an argument. It was possible to override
this requirement with aliased non-column select expression. Which results in
server crash.

With this fix aliased non-column select expressions are not accepted by MATCH()
function, returning an error.