While reading a binary log that is being used by a master or was not properly
closed, most likely due to a crash, the following warning message is being
printed out: "Warning: this binlog was not closed properly. Most probably mysqld
crashed writing it.". This was scaring our users as the message was not taking
into account the possibility of the file is being just used by the master.

To avoid unnecessarily scaring our users, we replace the original message by the
following one: Warning: "this binlog is either is use or was not closed properly.".

Backport to MySQL 5.0/1 fix by Vladislav Vaintroub:

In Vista and later and also in when using terminal services, when
server is started from  command line, client cannot connect to it
via shared memory protocol.

This is a regression introduced when  Bug#24731 was fixed.  The
reason is that client is trying to attach to shared memory using
global kernel object  namespace (all kernel objects are prefixed
with Global\). However, server started from the command line in
Vista and later will create shared memory and events using current
session namespace. Thus, client is unable to find the server and
connection fails.

The fix for the client is to first try to find server using "local"
names  (omitting Global\  prefix) and only if server is not found,
trying global namespace.

with gcc 4.3.2
      
Compiling MySQL with gcc 4.3.2 and later produces a number of 
warnings, many of which are new with the recent compiler
versions.
      
This bug will be resolved in more than one patch to limit the
size of changesets. This is the first patch, fixing a number 
of the warnings, predominantly "suggest using parentheses 
around && in ||", and empty for and while bodies.

Implemented a way to circumvent the always true comparison by
having nested macros (as suggested on review).

Fixed the 5.0-bugteam MacOSX warnings.

Holding on to the temporary inno hash index latch is an optimization in
many cases, but a pessimization in some others.

Release temporary latches for those corner cases we (or rather, or customers,
thanks!) have identified, that is, when we are about to do something that
might take a really long time, like REPAIR or filesort.

When copying the Item class one must copy its attributes as well.

The crash happens because of uninitialized
lex->ssl_cipher, lex->x509_subject, lex->x509_issuer variables.
The fix is to add initialization of these variables for
stored procedures&functions.

The crash happens due to wrong max_length value which is set on
Item_func_round::fix_length_and_dec() stage. The value is set to
args[0]->max_length which is too big in case of LONGTEXT(LONGBLOB) fields.
The fix is to set max_length using float_length() function.

BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK was subject to replication db rules, and
caused the boundary of a transaction not recognized correctly 
when these queries were ignored by the rules.

Fixed the problem by skipping replication db rules for these
statements.

Bug#34309: '_PC' macro redefinition

For reasons that are now a mystery, we had defined a CPP symbol to
help ancient compilers work better (in some way that's lost to history).
This interferes with at least one modern compiler.

Now, don't define the _PC symbol.  Those other underscore-leading
symbols are suspect also, but at least the names aren't inscrutable.
Let's leave them for now.

The fix is to use case insensitive collation
for mysql client command search.

On 64-bit Windows: querying MERGE table with keys may cause
server crash.The problem is generic and may affect any statement
accessing MERGE table cardinality values.
When MERGE engine was copying cardinality statistics, it was
using incorrect size of element in cardinality statistics array
(sizeof(ptr)==8 instead of sizeof(ulong)==4), causing access
of memory beyond of the allocated bounds.

            old_password() functions   
The PASSWORD() and OLD_PASSWORD() functions could lead to   
memory reads outside of an internal buffer when used with BLOB   
arguments.   
  
String::c_ptr() assumes there is at least one extra byte  
in the internally allocated buffer when adding the trailing  
'\0'.  This, however, may not be the case when a String object  
was initialized with externally allocated buffer.  
  
The bug was fixed by adding an additional "length" argument to  
make_scrambled_password_323() and make_scrambled_password() in  
order to avoid String::c_ptr() calls for  
PASSWORD()/OLD_PASSWORD().  
  
However, since the make_scrambled_password[_323] functions are  
a part of the client library ABI, the functions with the new  
interfaces were implemented with the 'my_' prefix in their  
names, with the old functions changed to be wrappers around  
the new ones to maintain interface compatibility.  

stop/start slave
      
When stopping and restarting the slave while it is replicating
temporary tables, the server would crash or raise an assertion
failure. This was due to the fact that although temporary tables are
saved between slave threads restart, the reference to the thread in
use (table->in_use) was not being properly updated when the restart
happened (it would still reference the old/invalid thread instead of
the new one).
      
This patch addresses this issue by resetting the reference to the new
slave thread on slave thread restart.

Created new .test file - mysqldump_restore that does test restore from mysqldump
output for a limited number of basic cases.
Create new .inc file - mysqldump.inc - renames original table and uses mysqldump
output to recreate the table, then uses diff_tables.inc to compare the two tables.
Backported include/diff_tables.inc to facilitate this testing.
New patch incorporating review feedback prior to push.

mysqldump.test - removed redundant call to include/have_log_bin.inc (was used twice in the test!)

Created new .test file - mysqldump_restore that does this for a limited number
of basic cases.
Created new .inc file - mysqldump.inc - renames original table and uses mysqldump
output to recreate the table, then uses diff_tables.inc to compare the two tables.
Backported include/diff_tables.inc to facilitate this testing.

Since max_allowed_packet is a read-only variable in 5.1 and up,
disable warnings to avoid unnecessary test case complication.

Set max_allowed_packet to get a consistent error message.

             warnings after uncompressed_length 
 
UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() did not validate its argument. In 
particular, if the argument length was less than 4 bytes, 
an uninitialized memory value was returned as a result. 
 
Since the result of COMPRESS() is either an empty string or 
a 4-byte length prefix followed by compressed data, the bug was 
fixed by ensuring that the argument of UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() is 
either an empty string or contains at least 5 bytes (as done in 
UNCOMPRESS()). This is the best we can do to validate input 
without decompressing. 

Internal InnoDN FK parser does not recognize '\'' as quotation symbol.
Suggested fix is to add '\'' symbol check for quotation condition
(dict_strip_comments() function).