Bugs fixed:
- Bug #20791    valgrind errors in InnoDB
  Remove Valgrind warning of Bug #20791 : in new database
  creation, we read the doublewrite buffer magic number from
  uninitialized memory; the code worked because it was extremely
  unlikely that the memory would contain the magic number
- Bug #21784    DROP TABLE crashes 5.1.12-pre if concurrent
  queries on the table
  remove update_thd() in ::store_lock()


Also includes numerous coding style fixes, etc.  See file-level
comments for details.

All but ss677 are against the mysql-5.1 tree only.

Fixes the following bugs:
- Bug #19834: Using cursors when running in READ-COMMITTED can cause InnoDB to crash
- Bug #20213: DBT2 testing cause mysqld to core using Innodb
- Bug #20493: on partition tables, select and show command casue server crash
- Bug #21113: Duplicate printout in SHOW INNODB STATUS
- Bug #21313: rsql_..._recover_innodb_tmp_table is redundant and broken
- Bug #21467: Manual URL wrong in InnoDB "page corrupted" error report

 Fixed BUG#19542 "InnoDB doesn't increase the Handler_read_prev couter".
 Fixed BUG#19609 "Case sensitivity of innodb_data_file_path gives stupid error".
 Fixed BUG#19727 "InnoDB crashed server and crashed tables are ot recoverable".
 Also:
 * Remove remnants of the obsolete concept of memoryfixing tables and indexes.
 * Remove unused dict_table_LRU_trim().
 * Remove unused 'trx' parameter from dict_table_get_on_id_low(),
   dict_table_get(), dict_table_get_and_increment_handle_count().
 * Add a normal linked list implementation.
 * Add a work queue implementation.
 * Add 'level' parameter to mutex_create() and rw_lock_create().
   Remove mutex_set_level() and rw_lock_set_level().
 * Rename SYNC_LEVEL_NONE to SYNC_LEVEL_VARYING.
 * Add support for bound ids in InnoDB's parser.
 * Define UNIV_BTR_DEBUG for enabling consistency checks of
   FIL_PAGE_NEXT and FIL_PAGE_PREV when accessing sibling
   pages of B-tree indexes.
   btr_validate_level(): Check the validity of the doubly linked
   list formed by FIL_PAGE_NEXT and FIL_PAGE_PREV.
 * Adapt InnoDB to the new tablename to filename encoding in MySQL 5.1.
   ut_print_name(), ut_print_name1(): Add parameter 'table_id' for
   distinguishing names of tables from other identifiers.
   New: innobase_convert_from_table_id(), innobase_convert_from_id(),
        innobase_convert_from_filename(), innobase_get_charset.
   dict_accept(), dict_scan_id(), dict_scan_col(), dict_scan_table_name(),
   dict_skip_word(), dict_create_foreign_constraints_low(): Add
   parameter 'cs' so that isspace() can be replaced with my_isspace(),
   whose operation depends on the connection character set.
   dict_scan_id(): Convert identifier to UTF-8.
   dict_str_starts_with_keyword(): New extern function, to replace
   dict_accept() in row_search_for_mysql().
   mysql_get_identifier_quote_char(): Replaced with innobase_print_identifier().
   ha_innobase::create(): Remove the thd->convert_strin() call. Pass the
   statement to InnoDB in the connection character set and let InnoDB
   convert the identifier to UTF-8.
 * Add max_row_size to dict_table_t.
 * btr0cur.c
   btr_copy_externally_stored_field(): Only set the 'offset' variable
   when needed.
 * buf0buf.c
   buf_page_io_complete(): Write to the error log if the page number or
   the space id o the disk do not match those in memory. Also write to
   the error log if a page was read from the doublewrite buffer. The
   doublewrite buffer should be only read by the lower-level function
   fil_io() at database startup.
 * dict0dict.c
   dict_scan_table_name(): Remove fallback to differently encoded name
   when the table is not found. The encoding is handled at a higher level.
 * ha_innodb.cc
   Increment statistic counter in ha_innobase::index_prev() (bug 19542).
   Add innobase_convert_string wrapper function and a new file
   ha_prototypes.h.
   innobase_print_identifier(): Remove TODO comment before calling
   get_quote_char_for_identifier(). That function apparently assumes
   the identifier to be encoded in UTF-8.
 * ibuf0ibuf.c|h
   ibuf_count_get(), ibuf_counts[], ibuf_count_inited(): Define these
   only #ifdef UNIV_IBUF_DEBUG. Previously, when compiled without
   UNIV_IBUF_DEBUG, invoking ibuf_count_get() would crash InnoDB.
   The function is only being called #ifdef UNIV_IBUF_DEBUG.
 * innodb.result
   Adjust the results for changes in the foreign key error messages.
 * mem0mem.c|h
   New: mem_heap_dup(), mem_heap_printf(), mem_heap_cat().
 * os0file.c
   Check the page trailers also after writing to disk. This improves
   chances of diagnosing bug 18886.
   os_file_check_page_trailers(): New function for checking that the
   two copies of the LSN stamped on the page match.
   os_aio_simulated_handle(): Call os_file_check_page_trailers()
   before and after os_file_write().
 * row0mysql.c
   Move trx_commit_for_mysql(trx) calls before calls to
   row_mysql_unlock_data_dictionary(trx) (bug 19727).
 * row0sel.c
   row_fetch_print(): Handle SQL NULL values without crashing.
   row_sel_store_mysql_rec(): Remove useless call to rec_get_nth_field
   when handling an externally stored column.
   Fetch externally stored fields when using InnoDB's internal SQL
   parser.
   Optimize BLOB selects by using prebuilt->blob_heap directly instead
   of first reading BLOB data to a temporary heap and then copying it
   to prebuilt->blob_heap.
 * srv0srv.c
   srv_master_thread(): Remove unreachable code.
 * srv0start.c
   srv_parse_data_file_paths_and_sizes(): Accept lower-case 'm' and
   'g' as abbreviations of megabyte and gigabyte (bug 19609).
   srv_parse_megabytes(): New fuction.
 * ut0dbg.c|h
   Implement InnoDB assertions (ut_a and ut_error) with abort() when
   the code is compiled with GCC 3 or later on other platforms than
   Windows or Netware. Also disable the variable ut_dbg_stop_threads
   and the function ut_dbg_stop_thread() i this case, unless
   UNIV_SYC_DEBUG is defined. This should allow the compiler to
   generate more compact code for assertions.
 * ut0list.c|h
   Add ib_list_create_heap().

 * Fix BUG#19217 "dict_load_indexes() may read the delete-mark incorrectly".
 * Remove obsolete and unused variables from srv0srv.c.
 * Remove srv_sys->operational since it is unused.
 * Make thread_id parameter in os_thread_create() optional.
 * Add platform-specific os_thread_ret_t and OS_THREAD_DUMMY_RETURN,
   and convert thread start functions to use them.

* Fix BUG#15650: "DELETE with LEFT JOIN crashes server with innodb_locks_unsafe_for binlog"
* Fix BUG#17134: "Partitions: uncommitted changes are visible"
* Fix BUG#17992: "Partitions: InnoDB, somehow rotten table after UPDATE"
  row0ins.c: MySQL's partitioned table code does not set preduilt->sql_stat_start right
  if it does an insert in the same statement after doing a search first in the same
  partition table. We now write trx id always to the buffer, not just when flag
  sql_stat_start is on. This will waste CPU time very sightly.
* Fix BUG#18077: "InnoDB uses full explicit table locks in stored FUNCTION"
* Fix BUG#18238: "When locks exhaust the buffer pool, InnoDB does not roll back the trx"
* Fix BUG#18252" "Disk space leak in updates of InnoDB BLOB rows in 5.0 and 5.1"
* Fix BUG#18283: "When InnoDB returns error 'lock table full', MySQL can write to binlog too much"
* Fix BUG#18350: "Use consistent read in CREATE ... SELECT ... if innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog"
* Fix BUG#18384: "InnoDB memory leak on duplicate key errors in 5.0 if row has many columns"
* Fix BUG#18934: "InnoDB crashes when table uses column names like DB_ROW_ID"
  Refuse tables that use reserved column names.
* InnoDB's SQL parser:
  - Add support for UNSIGNED types, EXIT keyword, quoted identifiers, user-function callbacks
    for processing results of FETCH statements, bound literals, DATA_VARCHAR for bound literals.
  - Allow bound literals of type non-INTEGER to be of length 0.
  - Add make_flex.sh and update lexer/parser generation documentation.
  - Add comment clarifying the difference between 'alias' and 'indirection' fields in sym_node_t.
  - Remove never reached duplicate code in pars_set_dfield_type().
  - Rewrite pars_info datatypes and APIs, add a few helper functions.
  - Since the functions definitions in pars_info_t are accessed after pars_sql() returns
    in the query graph execution stage, we can't free pars_info_t in pars_sql(). Instead,
    make pars_sql() transfer ownership of pars_info_t to the created query graph, and
    make que_graph_free() free it if needed.
  - Allow access to system columns like DB_ROW_ID.
* Use bound literals in row_truncate_table_for_mysql, row_drop_table_for_mysql,
  row_discard_tablespace_for_mysql, and row_rename_table_for_mysql.
* Setting an isolation level of the transaction to read committed weakens the locks for
  this session similarly like the option innodb_locks_unsafe_for binlog. This patch removes
  alnost all gap locking (used in next-key locking) and makes MySQL to release the row locks
  on the rows which does not belong to result set. Additionally, nonlocking selects on
  INSERT INTO SELECT, UPDATE ... (SELECT ...), and CREATE ... SELECT ... use a nonlocking
  consistent read. If a binlog is used, then binlog format should be set to row based
  binloging to make the execution of the complex SQL statements.
* Disable the statistic variables btr_search_n_hash_fail and n_hash_succ, n_hash_fail,
  n_patt_succ, and n_searches of btr_search_t in builds without #ifdef UNIV_SEARCH_PERF_STAT.
* Make innodb.test faster. Group all consistent read test cases to a one test case and
  wait their lock timeout after all have been send to the server. Decrease amount of rows
  inserted in a certain test - this has no effect on the effectiveness of the test and
  reduces the running time by ~10 sec. Remove temporary work-arounds from innodb.result
  now that ALTER TABLE DROP FOREIGN KEY works once again.
* Make innodb_unsafe_binlog.test faster. Grout all consistent read test cases to a one
  test case amd wait their lock timeout after all have been sent to the server. Remove
  unnecessary option --loose_innodb_lock_wait_timeout.
* Print dictionary memory size in SHOW INNODB STATUS.
* Fix memory leaks in row_create_table_for_mysql() in rare corner cases.
* Remove code related to clustered tables. They were never implemented, and the
  implementation would be challenging with ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT. Remove the table types
  DICT_TABLE_CLUSTER_MEMBER and DICT_TABLE_CLUSTER and all related tests and functions.
  dict_table_t: Remove mix_id, mix_len, mix_id_len, mix_id_buf, and cluster_name.
  plan_t: Remove mixed_index.
  dict_create_sys_tables_tuple(): Set MIX_ID=0, MIX_LEN=0, CLUSTER_NAME=NULL when
  inserting into SYS_TABLES.
  dict_tree_check_search_tuple(): Enclose in #ifdef UNIV_DEBUG.
* Move calling of thr_local_free() from trx_free_for_mysql() to
  innobase_close_connection().

  Fixed BUGS:
  #3300: "UPDATE statement with no index column in where condition locks
    all rows"
    Implement semi-consistent read to reduce lock conflicts at the cost
    of breaking serializability.
    ha_innobase::unlock_row(): reset the "did semi consistent read" flag
    ha_innobase::was_semi_consistent_read(),
    ha_innobase::try_semi_consistent_read(): new methods
    row_prebuilt_t, row_create_prebuilt(): add field row_read_type for
    keeping track of semi-consistent reads
    row_vers_build_for_semi_consistent_read(),
    row_sel_build_committed_vers_for_mysql(): new functions
    row_search_for_mysql(): implement semi-consistent reads

  #9802: "Foreign key checks disallow alter table".
    Added test cases.

  #12456: "Cursor shows incorrect data - DML does not affect,
    probably caching"
    This patch implements a high-granularity read view to be used with
    cursors. In this high-granularity consistent read view modifications 
    done by the creating transaction after the cursor is created or 
   future transactions are not visible. But those modifications that 
   transaction did before the cursor was created are visible.

  #12701: "Support >4GB buffer pool and log files on 64-bit Windows"
    Do not call os_file_create_tmpfile() at runtime. Instead, create all
    tempfiles at startup and guard access to them with mutexes.

  #13778: "If FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0, one can create inconsistent FOREIGN KEYs".
    When FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 we still need to check that datatypes between
    foreign key references are compatible.

  #14189: "VARBINARY and BINARY variables: trailing space ignored with InnoDB"
    innobase_init(): Assert that
    DATA_MYSQL_BINARY_CHARSET_COLL == my_charset_bin.number.
    dtype_get_pad_char(): Do not pad VARBINARY or BINARY columns.
    row_ins_cascade_calc_update_vec(): Refuse ON UPDATE CASCADE when trying
    to change the length of a VARBINARY column that refers to or is referenced
    by a BINARY column. BINARY columns are no longer padded on comparison,
    and thus they cannot be padded on storage either.

  #14747: "Race condition can cause btr_search_drop_page_hash_index() to crash"
    Note that buf_block_t::index should be protected by btr_search_latch
    or an s-latch or x-latch on the index page.
    btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(): Read block->index while holding
    btr_search_latch and use the cached value in the loop.  Remove some
    redundant assertions.

  #15108: "mysqld crashes when innodb_log_file_size is set > 4G"

  #15308: "Problem of Order with Enum Column in Primary Key"

  #15550: "mysqld crashes in printing a FOREIGN KEY error in InnoDB"
    row_ins_foreign_report_add_err(): When printing the parent record,
    use the index in the parent table rather than the index in the child table.

  #15653: "Slow inserts to InnoDB if many thousands of .ibd files"
    Keep track on unflushed modifications to file spaces.  When there are tens
    of thousands of file spaces, flushing all files in fil_flush_file_spaces()
    would be very slow.
    fil_flush_file_spaces(): Only flush unflushed file spaces.
    fil_space_t, fil_system_t: Add a list of unflushed spaces.

  #15991: "innodb-file-per-table + symlink database + rename = cr"
   os_file_handle_error(): Map the error codes EXDEV, ENOTDIR, and EISDIR
   to the new code OS_FILE_PATH_ERROR. Treat this code as OS_FILE_PATH_ERROR.
   This fixes the crash on RENAME TABLE when the .ibd file is a symbolic link
   to a different file system.

  #16157: "InnoDB crashes when main location settings are empty"
    This patch is from Heikki.

  #16298: "InnoDB segfaults in INSERTs in upgrade of 4.0 -> 5.0 tables
    with VARCHAR BINARY"
    dict_load_columns(): Set the charset-collation code
    DATA_MYSQL_BINARY_CHARSET_COLL for those binary string columns
    that lack a charset-collation code, i.e., the tables were created
    with an older version of MySQL/InnoDB than 4.1.2.

  #16229: "MySQL/InnoDB uses full explicit table locks in trigger processing"
    Take a InnoDB table lock only if user has explicitly requested a table
    lock. Added some additional comments to store_lock() and external_lock().

  #16387: "InnoDB crash when dropping a foreign key <table>_ibfk_0"
    Do not mistake TABLENAME_ibfk_0 for auto-generated id.
    dict_table_get_highest_foreign_id(): Ignore foreign constraint
    identifiers starting with the pattern TABLENAME_ibfk_0.

  #16582: "InnoDB: Error in an adaptive hash index pointer to page"
    Account for a race condition when dropping the adaptive hash index
    for a B-tree page.
    btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(): Retry the operation if a hash index
    with different parameters was built meanwhile.  Add diagnostics for the
    case that hash node pointers to the page remain.
    btr_search_info_update_hash(), btr_search_info_update_slow():
    Document the parameter "info" as in/out.

  #16814: "SHOW INNODB STATUS format error in LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR
    section"
    Add a missing newline to the LAST FOREIGN KEY ERROR section in SHOW
    INNODB STATUS output.
    dict_foreign_error_report(): Always print a newline after invoking
    dict_print_info_on_foreign_key_in_create_format().

  #16827: "Better InnoDB error message if ibdata files omitted from my.cnf"

  #17126: "CHECK TABLE on InnoDB causes a short hang during check of adaptive
    hash"
    CHECK TABLE blocking other queries, by releasing the btr_search_latch
    periodically during the adaptive hash table validation.

  #17405: "Valgrind: conditional jump or move depends on unititialised values"
    buf_block_init(): Reset magic_n, buf_fix_count and io_fix to avoid
    testing uninitialized variables.

MLOG_COMP_REC_SEC_DELETE_MARK with MLOG_REC_SEC_DELETE_MARK
in order to reduce the space occupied by the redo log.

  Better ibbackup message
  Add a message explaining why we do a 'crash recovery' after an ibbackup restore; suggested by Tim Smith

remove old junk and to improve compression ratio.
InnoDB: Make implicit type conversions explicit. (Bug #8826)

  Remove superfluous fprintf about log record application in InnoDB startup

  Fix a wrong memset in InnoDB Hot Backup code; the bug probably did not affect anything since we do not assume that the header of a log file is filled with zeros before writing the header info there; the bug found by Felix von Leitner

  Print progress of background rollback of transactions with more than 1000 undo log entries
srv0start.c, trx0roll.c, log0recv.c, trx0roll.h:
  Cleanup background rollback code in crash recovery; do not flush all modified pages from the buffer pool after a crash recovery: this makes mysqld accesible for users more quickly

  Implement more compact InnoDB record format.
  Old format is available as CREATE TABLE ... ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC.

Return NULL if a time argument is given to date_add(). (Warning will be shown after Dimitri's timezone patch is pushed)

  Revert the patch that put log debug code behind UNIV_LOG_DEBUG

  Revert the patch that put log debug code behind UNIV_LOG_DEBUG
log0log.ic, log0recv.c, log0log.c, log0log.h:
  Revert 1.1730.18.1 about UNIV_LOG_DEBUG: debug code is often needed in debugging the production version

Disable log archiving code unless #ifdef UNIV_LOG_ARCHIVE
Remove (char*) casts of string constants; add const qualifiers
Remove some Hot Backup code unless #ifdef UNIV_HOTBACKUP

Changed 'SHOW FIELD STATUS' to use 'Engine' instead of 'Type'

instead of stdout or fixed-size memory buffers

  Removed unused code
.del-os0trash.c~8cae5c1695501117:
  Delete: innobase/os/os0trash.c
dict0crea.c:
  Protect all sprintf(%s) with assertions

  Merge a log replay change required by ibbackup

A after merge fix for last merge

  Merge with ibbackup; bug fix: .ibd files were extended 2 x the required amount; InnoDB does not create the small file inno_arch_log... any more at database creation

  Multiple tablespaces for InnoDB
sql_table.cc:
  Tell explicitly that InnoDB should retrieve all columns in CHECKSUM TABLE
sql_update.cc, sql_select.cc, my_base.h:
  More descriptive flag name HA_EXTRA_RETRIEVE_ALL_COLS

  Merge
trx0trx.c:
  Print more info about a trx in SHOW INNODB status; try to find the bug reported by Plaxo
buf0buf.c:
  Check that page log sequence numbers are not in the future
log0recv.c, log0log.c:
  Fixed a bug: if you used big BLOBs, and your log files were relatively small, InnoDB could in a big BLOB operation temporarily write over the log produced AFTER the latest checkpoint. If InnoDB would crash at that moment, then the crash recovery would fail, because InnoDB would not be able to scan the log even up to the latest checkpoint. Starting from this version, InnoDB tries to ensure the latest checkpoint is young enough. If that is not possible, InnoDB prints a warning to the .err log

  Merge InnoDB-4.0.14: SAVEPOINT now implemented; InnoDB now accepts also column prefix keys; crashing bug in ON UPDATE CASCADE fixed; page checksum formula fixed

  Make InnoDB to restore old active_index value after a table scan: MySQL may assume that a scan does NOT change active_index; this partially fixes bug 241 of UPDATE ... ORDER BY ... but it still remains that MySQL actually ignores the ORDER BY for both MyISAM and InnoDB tables
log0recv.c:
  Use fflush to make sure report of a corrupt log record is printed to .err log before mysqld crashes

  Reduce memory usage of the buffer headers
Many files:
  Merge InnoDB-4.1 with AWE support

  Removed compiler warnings about wrong printf formats