Fix various warnings about conversion from bigger to smaller integer types in assignments

Bugs fixed:
- Added automatic detection of unsigned arguments to COLUMN_CREATE()
- If string length is not know for COLUMN_GET() use MAX_DYNAMIC_COLUMN_LENGTH instead of MAX_FIELD_BLOBLENGTH
- null_value flag was not propery reset for COLUMN_LIST() and COLUMN_CREATE() which could lead to crashes later:
- lp:778905 Assertion `value->year <= 9999' failed in dynamic_column_date_store
- lp:778912 Assertion `field_pos < field_count' failed in Protocol_text::store in maria-5.3-mwl34

include/ma_dyncol.h:
  Added define for max dynamic column length.
mysql-test/r/cast.result:
  Added test of cast big unsigned int to signed (this test case was missing)
mysql-test/r/dyncol.result:
  Added tests from reported bugs
  Added testing of automatic store of signed/unsigned integers
mysql-test/t/cast.test:
  Added test of cast big unsigned int to signed (this test case was missing)
mysql-test/t/dyncol.test:
  Added tests from reported bugs
  Added testing of automatic store of signed/unsigned integers
sql/item.cc:
  Added assert to catch cases where null_value is not set properly
sql/item_strfunc.cc:
  Added automatic detection of unsigned arguments to COLUMN_CREATE()
  COLUMN_GET() returned wrong value for illegal strings which lead to assert later
  null_value flag was not propery reset for COLUMN_LIST() and COLUMN_CREATE() which could lead to crashes later.
sql/item_strfunc.h:
  If string length is not know for COLUMN_GET() use MAX_DYNAMIC_COLUMN_LENGTH

- COLUMN_CREATE(column_nr, value, [column_nr,value]...)
- COLUMN_ADD(blob,column_nr, value, column_nr,value]...)
- COLUMN_DELETE(blob, column_nr, column_nr...)
- COLUMN_EXISTS(blob, column_nr)
- COLUMN_LIST(blob, column_nr)
- COLUMN_GET(string, column_nr AS type)

Added cast(X as DOUBLE) and cast(x as INT)
Better warning and error messages for wrong cast's
Created some sub functions to simplify and reuse code.
Added a lot of conversation functions with error/warnings for what went wrong.
Fixed some issues when casting time to datetime.
Added functions to dynamic strings and Strings to allow one to move a string buffer from dynamic strings to String (to save malloc+ copy)
Added dynamic columns library to libmysqlclient


include/Makefile.am:
  Added ma_dyncol.h
include/decimal.h:
  Added 'const' to arguments for some functions.
include/my_sys.h:
  Added dynstr_reassociate()
include/my_time.h:
  Added TIME_SUBSECOND_RANGE
  Added double_to_datetime()
  Added flag argument to str_to_time()
libmysql/CMakeLists.txt:
  Added mysys/ma_dyncol.c
libmysql/Makefile.shared:
  Added ma_dyncol
libmysql/libmysql.c:
  Added argument to str_to_time()
mysql-test/r/bigint.result:
  Better error messages
mysql-test/r/cast.result:
  Better warning and error messages
  A lot of new cast() tests
mysql-test/r/func_math.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/r/func_str.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/r/func_time.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/r/sp-vars.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/r/strict.result:
  Better warning messages
  New test result
mysql-test/r/type_newdecimal.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/r/warnings.result:
  Better warning messages
mysql-test/suite/funcs_1/r/innodb_func_view.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/funcs_1/r/memory_func_view.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/funcs_1/r/myisam_func_view.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/optimizer_unfixed_bugs/t/bug43448.test:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/inc/part_supported_sql_funcs_delete.inc:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/inc/partition_supported_sql_funcs.inc:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/r/part_supported_sql_func_innodb.result:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/r/part_supported_sql_func_myisam.result:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/r/rpl_partition.result:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/parts/t/part_supported_sql_func_innodb.test:
  Removed duplicated --big_test
mysql-test/suite/parts/t/rpl_partition.test:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/pbxt/r/cast.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/pbxt/r/func_str.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/pbxt/r/type_newdecimal.result:
  Updated results after better cast warnings
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_innodb_bug28430.result:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_innodb_bug28430.test:
  Added begin...commit to speed up test.
mysql-test/suite/vcol/r/vcol_supported_sql_funcs_innodb.result:
  More warnings
mysql-test/suite/vcol/r/vcol_supported_sql_funcs_myisam.result:
  More warnings
mysql-test/t/cast.test:
  A lot of new cast() tests
mysql-test/t/strict.test:
  Added new test
mysys/CMakeLists.txt:
  Added ma_dyncol.c
mysys/Makefile.am:
  Added ma_dyncol.c
mysys/string.c:
  Added dynstr_reassociate() to move a buffer from dynamic_strings to some other allocator
sql-common/my_time.c:
  Added 'fuzzydate' flag to str_to_time()
  Added support for microseconds to my_time_to_str() and my_datetime_to_str()
  Reset second_parts in number_to_datetime()
  Added double_to_datetime()
sql/field.cc:
  Added double_to_longlong() and truncate_double() to simplify and reuse code
sql/field.h:
  New prototypes
sql/item.cc:
  Changed Item::get_date(MYSQL_TIME *ltime,uint fuzzydate) to be aware of type of argument.
  (Needed to make it microsecond safe and get better warnings).
  Updated call to str_to_time_with_warn()
sql/item.h:
  Added struct st_dyncall_create_def used by dynamic columns
  Added virtual bool dynamic_result() to tell if type of argument may change over calls.
sql/item_cmpfunc.cc:
  Added Item_func_dyncol_exists()
sql/item_cmpfunc.h:
  Added class Item_func_dyncol_exists
sql/item_create.cc:
  Added get_length_and_scale() to simplify other functions
  Simplified and extended create_func_cast()
  Added support for cast(X as double(X,Y))
  Added functions to create dynamic column functions.
sql/item_create.h:
  Added prototypes
sql/item_func.cc:
  Extended cast functions Item_func_signed() and Item_func_unsigned() to work with dynamic types
  Added Item_double_typecast()
sql/item_func.h:
  Added class Item_double_typecast()
sql/item_strfunc.cc:
  Added functions for COLUMN_CREATE(), COLUMN_ADD(), COLUMN_GET() and COLUMN_LIST()
sql/item_strfunc.h:
  Added classes for COLUMN_CREATE(), COLUMN_ADD(), COLUMN_GET() and COLUMN_LIST()
sql/item_timefunc.cc:
  Added flag argument to str_to_time_with_warn()
  Updated Item_char_typecast() to handle result type that may change between calls (for dynamic columns)
  Added Item_time_typecast::get_date() to ensure that we cast a datetime to time properly.
sql/item_timefunc.h:
  Added get_date() to Item_time_typecast() to allow proper results for casting time to datetime
sql/lex.h:
  Added new SQL function names
sql/my_decimal.cc:
  Added 'const' to some arguments.
  Better error message in case of errors (we now print out the wrong value)
  Added my_decimal2int()
sql/my_decimal.h:
  Moved some constants to my_decimal_limits.h
  Updated prototypes.
  Made my_decimal2int() a function as it's rather long (no reason to have it inline)
  Added decimal2my_decimal() function.
sql/mysql_priv.h:
  Prototypes for new functions
sql/share/errmsg.txt:
  New error messages for wrong casts and dynamic columns
sql/sql_acl.cc:
  Fixed indentation
sql/sql_base.cc:
  Added dynamic_column_error_message()
sql/sql_string.h:
  Added reassociate() to move a buffer to be owned by String object.
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Added syntax for COLUMN_ functions.
sql/time.cc:
  Updated str_to_datetime_with_warn() flag argument to same type as other functions
  Added conversion flag to str_to_time_with_warn() (Similar to all datetime functions)
  Added conversion functions with warnings: double_to_datetime_with_warn() and decimal_to_datetime_with_warn()
strings/decimal.c:
  Added 'const' to arguments for some functions.
unittest/mysys/Makefile.am:
  Added test for dynamic columns code

MWL#180: Merge bugfix from 5.2 to 5.3 codebase + really fix version from which mariadb supports binlog checksums.

If the value of the flag cond_false of an Item_equal object is
true then the print method must return the string '0'.

The third parameter in the call of make_cond_for_table() that
built the pushed condition containing only outer references
was incorrect. This condition appeared for the first time in
the patch fixing bug 729039.
  

MWL#180: merge fixes from 5.2-rpl + forgot to adjust revision from which checksums are supported when merging into 5.3-based tree.

 - Fix windows CMake build.
 - Merge some later test case fixes, to see if they solve the random rpl_checksum failure.

The bug was introduced by the patch that fixed bug 717577.

Patch backported:

bzr diff
'-rrevid:alfranio.correia@oracle.com-20101121143257-se3vpqus73l4mum0
..revid:luis.soares@oracle.com-20101124111752-9b8260bd1qak87hr'
--old=lp:mysql-server --new=lp:mysql-server

presumably neither TMP nor TEMP environment variable are set.

mysql-test/suite/funcs_1/r/storedproc.result:
  Fixed test failure
mysql-test/suite/funcs_1/t/storedproc.test:
  Fixed test failure
  (The error changed as syntax for alter changed with ALTER ONLINE)
storage/maria/ha_maria.cc:
  fixed compiler warning

Added ALTER ONLINE TABLE, which will give an error if the change can't be done 'instantly' (without a table copy)


mysql-test/r/alter_table_online.result:
  Test new feature
mysql-test/t/alter_table_online.test:
  Test new feature
sql/handler.cc:
  Added comment
sql/lex.h:
  Added ONLINE keyword
sql/mysql_priv.h:
  Added option to alter table to require online operation
sql/share/errmsg.txt:
  Added error message if ONLINE can't be done
sql/sql_lex.h:
  Added online option
sql/sql_parse.cc:
  Added online option to mysql_alter_table()
sql/sql_table.cc:
  Added test that gives error if table can't be done instantly when requsted to be online.
  Fixed wrong test if table includes a VARCHAR
  Fixed wrong (but unlikely) handling of error conditions in ALTER table
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Added ALTER ONLINE TABLE syntax
storage/maria/ha_maria.cc:
  Fixed bug where 'start_bulk_insert' used too small buffer if used with unknown number of rows

This makes it possible to do safe multi volume snapshots as long as one snapshots the volume with the transaction logs last.


include/mysql_com.h:
  Added REFRESH_CHECKPOINT
mysql-test/r/flush.result:
  Added test of new FLUSH TABLES syntax + calls to checkpoint_status handler calls
mysql-test/t/flush.test:
  Added test of new FLUSH TABLES syntax + calls to checkpoint_status handler calls
sql/handler.cc:
  Added code to call checkpoint_state for all handlertons that supports it
sql/handler.h:
  Added new checkpoint_state() handlerton call to temporarly disable checkpoints.
sql/lex.h:
  Added CHECKPOINT keyword
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Added support for FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK AND DISABLE CHECKPOINT
storage/maria/ha_maria.cc:
  Added handlerton call to disable checkpoints.
storage/maria/ma_checkpoint.c:
  Don't do checkpoint if checkpoints are disabled.
storage/maria/ma_static.c:
  Added maria_checkpoint_disabled
storage/maria/maria_def.h:
  Added maria_checkpoint_disabled
storage/xtradb/handler/ha_innodb.cc:
  Added handlerton call to disable checkpoints.
storage/xtradb/include/log0log.h:
  Added option to log_checkpoint() to allow one to ignore not critical checkpoints during the time checkpoints are disabled.
storage/xtradb/log/log0log.c:
  Added code to allow one to disable checkpoints during a FLUSH TABLES ... DISABLE CHECKPOINT
  This was done by adding a new argument to log_checkpoint() which tells us when the checkpoint is called by srv_master_thread (which are safe to ignore)
storage/xtradb/srv/srv0srv.c:
  Tell log_checkpoint() that checkpoints from srv_master_thread() are safe to ignore (will just delay recovery time a bit).

The function test_quick_select by mistake did not update the value
of table->quick_condition_rows for index intersection scans though
the specification explicitly required to do so from any table access
plan once the plan provided a better upper bound for the number of
rows selected from the table. It resulted in a bogus, usually very
big number saved as the cost of the table access. This, in its turn,
in many cases forced the optimizer to make a bad choice of the
execution plan for join queries.

Both these two bugs happened due to the following problem.
When a view column is referenced in the query an Item_direct_view_ref
object is created that is refers to the Item_field for the column.
All references to the same view column refer to the same Item_field.
Different references can belong to different AND/OR levels and,
as a result, can be included in different Item_equal object.
These Item_equal objects may include different constant objects.
If these constant objects are substituted for the Item_field created
for a view column we have a conflict situation when the second
substitution annuls the first substitution. This leads to
wrong result sets returned by the query. Bug #724942 demonstrates
such an erroneous behaviour.
Test case of the bug #717577 produces wrong result sets because best
equal fields of the multiple equalities built for different OR levels
of the WHERE condition differs. The subsitution for the best equal field
in the second OR branch overwrites the the substitution made for the
first branch.

To avoid such conflicts we have to substitute for the references
to the view columns rather than for the underlying field items.
To make such substitutions possible we have to include into
multiple equalities references to view columns rather than 
field items created for such columns.

This patch modifies the Item_equal class to include references
to view columns into multiple equality objects. It also performs
a clean up of the class methods and adds more comments. The methods
of the Item_direct_view_ref class that assist substitutions for
references to view columns has been also added by this patch.

In some cases the field max_part_no of the SEL_ARG structure
was not initialized. That triggered a Valgrind complain.

-fimplicit-termplates must be in CXXFLAGS not in handlersocket_la_CXXFLAGS.
otehrwise automake puts it in the command line too early to override
global -fno-implicit-templates

The problem was that connection con5, which is supposed to be the leader for
the third group, could if timing was bad end up as participant in the second
group, causing the test to fail.

Fixed by ensuring that group 2 is running before starting the transaction
for group 3.

LPBUG 756966 is solved.

 - MWL#116 Group commit
 - MWL#136 Enhancements for START TRANSACTION WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT
 - MWL#47 Annotate_rows_log_event
 - MWL#163 innodb_release_locks_early
 - Percona patch enhancing row-based replication for tables with no primary key

- Let advance_sj_state() save the value of JOIN::cur_dups_producing_tables
  in POSITION::prefix_dups_producing_tables, and restore_sj_state() restore
  it. 

Also implement the InnoDB changes for group commit into innodb_plugin.