Backport a ndb patch: fix bug with crash during restart, where
a mbyte incorrectly could be skipped, leading to "end of log
wo/ finding gci".

When a query was using a DATE or DATETIME value formatted
using any other separator characters beside hyphen '-', a
query with a greater-or-equal '>=' condition matching only
the greatest value in an indexed column, the result was
empty if index range scan was employed.

The range optimizer got a new feature between 5.1.38 and
5.1.39 that changes a greater-or-equal condition to a
greater-than if the value matching that in the query was not
present in the table. But the value comparison function
compared the dates as strings instead of dates.

The bug was fixed by splitting the function
get_date_from_str in two: One part that parses and does
error checking. This function is now visible outside the
module. The old get_date_from_str now calls the new
function.

Conflicts
=========

Text conflict in sql/sql_class.cc
1 conflicts encountered.

            with temporary tables

There were two problems the test case from this bug was
triggering:

1. JOIN::rollup_init() was supposed to wrap all constant Items
into another object for queries with the WITH ROLLUP modifier
to ensure they are never considered as constants and therefore
are written into temporary tables if the optimizer chooses to
employ them for DISTINCT/GROUP BY handling.

However, JOIN::rollup_init() was called before
make_join_statistics(), so Items corresponding to fields in
const tables could not be handled as intended, which was
causing all kinds of problems later in the query execution. In
particular, create_tmp_table() assumed all constant items
except "hidden" ones to be removed earlier by remove_const()
which led to improperly initialized Field objects for the
temporary table being created. This is what was causing crashes
and valgrind errors in storage engines.

2. Even when the above problem had been fixed, the query from
the test case produced incorrect results due to some
DISTINCT/GROUP BY optimizations being performed by the
optimizer that are inapplicable in the WITH ROLLUP case.

Fixed by disabling inapplicable DISTINCT/GROUP BY optimizations
when the WITH ROLLUP modifier is present, and splitting the
const-wrapping part of JOIN::rollup_init() into a separate
method which is now invoked after make_join_statistics() when
the const tables are already known.

  subquery returning multiple rows

Error handling was missing when handling subqueires in WHERE 
and when assigning a SELECT result to a @variable.
This caused crash(es). 

Fixed by adding error handling code to both the WHERE 
condition evaluation and to assignment to an @variable.

having clause...

The fix for bug 46184 was not very complete. It was not covering
views using temporary tables and multiple tables in a FROM clause.
Fixed by reverting the fix for 46184 and making a more general
check that is checking at the right execution stage and for all
of the non-supported cases.
Now PROCEDURE ANALYZE on non-top level SELECT is also forbidden.
Updated the analyse.test and subselect.test accordingly.

If an outer query is broken, a subquery might not even get set up.
EXPLAIN EXTENDED did not expect this and merrily tried to de-ref all
of the half-setup info.

We now catch this case and print as much as we have, as it doesn't cost us
anything (doesn't make regular execution slower).

Queries with nested outer joins may lead to crashes or 
bad results because an internal data structure is not handled
correctly.
The optimizer uses bitmaps of nested JOINs to determine
if certain table can be placed at a certain place in the
JOIN order.
It does maintain a bitmap describing in which JOINs 
last placed table is nested.
When it puts a table it makes sure the bit of every JOIN that
contains the table in question is set (because JOINs can be nested).
It does that by recursively setting the bit for the next enclosing
JOIN when this is the first table in the JOIN and recursively 
resetting the bit if it's the last table in the JOIN.
When it removes a table from the join order it should do the
opposite : recursively unset the bit if it's the only remaining 
table in this join and and recursively set the bit if it's removing
the last table of a JOIN.
There was an error in how the bits was set for the upper levels :
when removing a table it was setting the bit for all the enclosing 
nested JOINs even if there were more tables left in the current JOIN
(which practically means that the upper nested JOINs were not affected).
Fixed by stopping the recursion at the relevant level.

The 'rpl_get_master_version_and_clock' test verifies if the slave I/O 
thread tries to reconnect to master when it tries to get the values of 
the UNIX_TIMESTAMP, SERVER_ID from master under network disconnection. 
So the master server is restarted for making the transient network 
disconnection. Restarting master server can bring two problems as following:

1. The time out error is encountered sporadically. The slave I/O thread tries 
   to reconnect master ten times, which is set in my.cnf. So in the test 
   framework sporadically the slave I/O thread really stoped when it can't 
   reconnect to master in the ten times successfully before the master starts, 
   then the time out error will be encountered while waiting for the slave to 
   start.

2. These warnings and errors are produced in server log file when 
   the slave I/O thread tries to get the values of the UNIX_TIMESTAMP, 
   SERVER_ID from master under the transient network disconnection.

To fix problem 1, increase the master retry count to sixty times, 
so that the slave I/O thread has enough time to reconnect master 
successfully.
To fix problem 2, suppress these warnings and errors by mtr suppression, 
because they are expected.

XA START may cause assertion failure/server crash when it is called
after unilateral roll back issued by the Resource Manager (both
in regular transaction and after XA transaction).

The problem was that rm_error variable wasn't set/reset properly.

Bug#46539 Various crashes on INSERT IGNORE SELECT + SELECT FOR UPDATE.

If a transaction was rolled back inside InnoDB due to a deadlock
or lock wait timeout, and the statement had IGNORE clause,
the server could crash at the end of the statement or on shutdown.

This was caused by the error handling infrastructure's attempt to 
ignore a non-ignorable error.

When a transaction rollback request is raised, switch off 
current_select->no_error flag, so that the following error
won't be ignored.

Instead, we could add !thd->is_fatal_sub_stmt_error to
my_message_sql(), but since in write_record() we switch
off no_error, the same approach is used in 
thd_mark_transaction_to_rollback().

@todo: call thd_mark_transaction_to_rollback() from 
handler::print_error(), then we can easily make sure
that the error reported by print_error is not ignored.

test result fix

Append the description of the 'decode-rows' value for --base64-output argument.

binlog, replication aborts

In SBR or MBR, the schema name is not being written to the binlog
when executing a LOAD DATA statement. This becomes a problem when
the current database (lets call it db1) is different from the
table's schema (lets call it db2). For instance, take the
following statements:
  
  use db1;
  load data local infile 'infile.txt' into table db2.t

Should this statement be logged without t's schema (db2), when
replaying it, one can get db1.t populated instead of db2.t (if
db1.t exists). On the other hand, if there is no db1.t at all,
replication will stop.

We fix this by always logging the table (in load file) with fully
qualified name when its schema is different from the current
database or when no default database was selected.

BUG#47073 - valgrind errs, corruption,failed repair of partition,
            low myisam_sort_buffer_size

Fixed race conditions discovered with the provided test case and
stabilized test case.

"What do you mean, there's a bug? There isn't even code!"

There was some token code for plug-in variables of the SET type,
but clearly this never worked, or was subject to massive bit rot
since. Bug-fixes ... fail-safes ... tests -- fais au mieux, mon chou!