Defend against 'Host' header injection

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/17877 .

This change adds 'defense in depth' against 'Host' HTTP header
injection. It affects normal users in the following way. Suppose your
GitLab server has IP address 1.2.3.4 and hostname gitlab.example.com.
Currently, if you enter 1.2.3.4 in your browser, you get redirected to
1.2.3.4/users/sign_in. After this change, you get redirected from
1.2.3.4 to gitlab.example.com/users/sign_in. This is because the
address you typed in the address bar of your browser ('1.2.3.4'),
which gets stored in the 'Host' header, is now being overwritten to
'gitlab.example.com' in NGINX.

In this change we also make NGINX clear the 'X-Forwarded-Host' header
because Ruby on Rails also uses that header the same wayas the 'Host'
header.

We think that for most GitLab servers this is the right behavior, and
if not then administrators can change this behavior themselves at the
NGINX level.

CHANGELOG

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ v 8.10.0 (unreleased)
   - Add reminder to not paste private SSH keys !4399 (Ingo Blechschmidt)
   - Remove duplicate `description` field in `MergeRequest` entities (Ben Boeckel)
   - Style of import project buttons were fixed in the new project page. !5183 (rdemirbay)
+  - Overwrite Host and X-Forwarded-Host headers in NGINX !5213
 
 v 8.9.6 (unreleased)
   - Fix importing of events under notes for GitLab projects

lib/support/nginx/gitlab

@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ server {
 
     proxy_http_version 1.1;
 
-    proxy_set_header    Host                $http_host;
+    ## By overwriting Host and clearing X-Forwarded-Host we ensure that
+    ## internal HTTP redirects generated by GitLab always send users to
+    ## YOUR_SERVER_FQDN.
+    proxy_set_header    Host                YOUR_SERVER_FQDN;
+    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Host    "";
+
     proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP           $remote_addr;
     proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For     $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
     proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Proto   $scheme;

lib/support/nginx/gitlab-ssl

@@ -93,7 +93,12 @@ server {
 
     proxy_http_version 1.1;
 
-    proxy_set_header    Host                $http_host;
+    ## By overwriting Host and clearing X-Forwarded-Host we ensure that
+    ## internal HTTP redirects generated by GitLab always send users to
+    ## YOUR_SERVER_FQDN.
+    proxy_set_header    Host                YOUR_SERVER_FQDN;
+    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Host    "";
+
     proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP           $remote_addr;
     proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Ssl     on;
     proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For     $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;