Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3594

Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/1462

Move the work directory of the examples tests into an 'examples/' subdirectory to get it out of the way of the other test types.

Make sure the module init function is declared as 'extern "C"' in C++ also when the CYTHON_NO_PYINIT_EXPORT option is used.
Closes #3414.

Closes #3038.

Fix optimisation of aligned '%' formats ('%05s', '%-5s') into the correct f-string alignment format.
Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3476

Floats do not support '{x:d}' formatting and need conversion to 'int' first.
Closes https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/3092

Improve error handling in "cython.array" creation code to avoid calling Py_BuildValue() with an exception set if "__pyx_format_from_typeinfo()" failed.

See https://github.com/cython/cython/pull/3562

See #1407.

These are mutable and therefore affect the stdlib build_ext options.

Fixes #2209

This was previously broken by the introduction of the "__PYX_ERR()" macro.

* Changed always_allow_keywords_T295 for Py3.9

https://bugs.python.org/issue37645 appears to change some error
messages slightly (including the qualname and not just the
function name). This change just allows doctest to cope with
both the new and old messages

Work around error that "__reduce_cython__ cannot be found" when re-importing an extension module that was already initialised before.
Backport to 0.29.x.
Closes #3545.

* Updated URL for the "embedding Python" link in external_C_code.rst
  in the userguide.
* The freenet.org.nz domain has clearly expired at some point and now
  the original link goes spam links, but there are copies in the
  Wayback Machine.
* The updated (fixed) URL uses the most recent archive for the
  original page (author: June, 2004; web archive: Feb, 2012).

generate_type_definitions maintained a list of ctuples for which code
was already generated, but the logic did not match the logic used in
generate_type_header_code, which does not generate code if the entry is
marked as unused.

If the first ctuple of a certain type was marked unused, but later
instances were not, this could result in no code being generated for
the ctuple at all. Resolve by verifying whether the ctuple entry is used
before adding it to the list.
Co-authored-by: Kirk Meyer <kirk.meyer@ravenind.com>