step.c

/*
 * x86 single-step support code, common to 32-bit and 64-bit.
 */
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>

unsigned long convert_ip_to_linear(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned long addr, seg;

	addr = regs->ip;
	seg = regs->cs & 0xffff;
	if (v8086_mode(regs)) {
		addr = (addr & 0xffff) + (seg << 4);
		return addr;
	}

	/*
	 * We'll assume that the code segments in the GDT
	 * are all zero-based. That is largely true: the
	 * TLS segments are used for data, and the PNPBIOS
	 * and APM bios ones we just ignore here.
	 */
	if ((seg & SEGMENT_TI_MASK) == SEGMENT_LDT) {
		u32 *desc;
		unsigned long base;

		seg &= ~7UL;

		mutex_lock(&child->mm->context.lock);
		if (unlikely((seg >> 3) >= child->mm->context.size))
			addr = -1L; /* bogus selector, access would fault */
		else {
			desc = child->mm->context.ldt + seg;
			base = ((desc[0] >> 16) |
				((desc[1] & 0xff) << 16) |
				(desc[1] & 0xff000000));

			/* 16-bit code segment? */
			if (!((desc[1] >> 22) & 1))
				addr &= 0xffff;
			addr += base;
		}
		mutex_unlock(&child->mm->context.lock);
	}

	return addr;
}

static int is_setting_trap_flag(struct task_struct *child, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	int i, copied;
	unsigned char opcode[15];
	unsigned long addr = convert_ip_to_linear(child, regs);

	copied = access_process_vm(child, addr, opcode, sizeof(opcode), 0);
	for (i = 0; i < copied; i++) {
		switch (opcode[i]) {
		/* popf and iret */
		case 0x9d: case 0xcf:
			return 1;

			/* CHECKME: 64 65 */

		/* opcode and address size prefixes */
		case 0x66: case 0x67:
			continue;
		/* irrelevant prefixes (segment overrides and repeats) */
		case 0x26: case 0x2e:
		case 0x36: case 0x3e:
		case 0x64: case 0x65:
		case 0xf0: case 0xf2: case 0xf3:
			continue;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
		case 0x40 ... 0x4f:
			if (regs->cs != __USER_CS)
				/* 32-bit mode: register increment */
				return 0;
			/* 64-bit mode: REX prefix */
			continue;
#endif

			/* CHECKME: f2, f3 */

		/*
		 * pushf: NOTE! We should probably not let
		 * the user see the TF bit being set. But
		 * it's more pain than it's worth to avoid
		 * it, and a debugger could emulate this
		 * all in user space if it _really_ cares.
		 */
		case 0x9c:
		default:
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Enable single-stepping.  Return nonzero if user mode is not using TF itself.
 */
static int enable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
{
	struct pt_regs *regs = task_pt_regs(child);

	/*
	 * Always set TIF_SINGLESTEP - this guarantees that
	 * we single-step system calls etc..  This will also
	 * cause us to set TF when returning to user mode.
	 */
	set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SINGLESTEP);

	/*
	 * If TF was already set, don't do anything else
	 */
	if (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_TF)
		return 0;

	/* Set TF on the kernel stack.. */
	regs->flags |= X86_EFLAGS_TF;

	/*
	 * ..but if TF is changed by the instruction we will trace,
	 * don't mark it as being "us" that set it, so that we
	 * won't clear it by hand later.
	 */
	if (is_setting_trap_flag(child, regs))
		return 0;

	set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF);

	return 1;
}

/*
 * Install this value in MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR whenever child is running.
 */
static void write_debugctlmsr(struct task_struct *child, unsigned long val)
{
	child->thread.debugctlmsr = val;

	if (child != current)
		return;

	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, val);
}

/*
 * Enable single or block step.
 */
static void enable_step(struct task_struct *child, bool block)
{
	/*
	 * Make sure block stepping (BTF) is not enabled unless it should be.
	 * Note that we don't try to worry about any is_setting_trap_flag()
	 * instructions after the first when using block stepping.
	 * So noone should try to use debugger block stepping in a program
	 * that uses user-mode single stepping itself.
	 */
	if (enable_single_step(child) && block) {
		set_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_DEBUGCTLMSR);
		write_debugctlmsr(child,
				  child->thread.debugctlmsr | DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF);
	} else {
	    write_debugctlmsr(child,
			      child->thread.debugctlmsr & ~DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF);

	    if (!child->thread.debugctlmsr)
		    clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_DEBUGCTLMSR);
	}
}

void user_enable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
{
	enable_step(child, 0);
}

void user_enable_block_step(struct task_struct *child)
{
	enable_step(child, 1);
}

void user_disable_single_step(struct task_struct *child)
{
	/*
	 * Make sure block stepping (BTF) is disabled.
	 */
	write_debugctlmsr(child,
			  child->thread.debugctlmsr & ~DEBUGCTLMSR_BTF);

	if (!child->thread.debugctlmsr)
		clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_DEBUGCTLMSR);

	/* Always clear TIF_SINGLESTEP... */
	clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_SINGLESTEP);

	/* But touch TF only if it was set by us.. */
	if (test_and_clear_tsk_thread_flag(child, TIF_FORCED_TF))
		task_pt_regs(child)->flags &= ~X86_EFLAGS_TF;
}