Conservative governor changes the CPU frequency in steps.
That means that if a CPU runs at max frequency, it will need several
sampling periods to return to min frequency when the workload
is finished.

If the update function that calculates the load and target frequency
is deferred, the governor might need even more time to decrease the
frequency.

This may have impact to power consumption and after all conservative
should decrease the frequency if there is no workload at every sampling
rate.

To resolve the above issue calculate the number of sampling periods
that the update is deferred. Considering that for each sampling period
conservative should drop the frequency by a freq_step because the
CPU was idle apply the proper subtraction to requested frequency.

Below, the kernel trace with and without this patch. First an
intensive workload is applied on a specific CPU. Then the workload
is removed and the CPU goes to idle.

WITHOUT

     <idle>-0     [007] dN..   620.329153: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.350857: cpu_frequency: state=1700000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.370856: cpu_frequency: state=1900000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.390854: cpu_frequency: state=2100000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.411853: cpu_frequency: state=2200000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.432854: cpu_frequency: state=2400000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.453854: cpu_frequency: state=2600000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.494856: cpu_frequency: state=2900000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.515856: cpu_frequency: state=3100000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.536858: cpu_frequency: state=3300000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   620.557857: cpu_frequency: state=3401000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   669.591363: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   669.591939: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   669.591980: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] dN..   669.591989: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   670.201224: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   670.221975: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   670.222016: cpu_frequency: state=3300000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   670.222026: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   670.234964: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   670.801251: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.236046: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   671.236073: cpu_frequency: state=3100000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.236112: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.393437: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.401277: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.404083: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   671.404111: cpu_frequency: state=2900000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.404125: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.404974: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.501180: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.995414: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   671.995459: cpu_frequency: state=2800000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.995469: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   671.996287: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.001305: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.078374: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   672.078410: cpu_frequency: state=2600000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.078419: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.158020: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   672.158040: cpu_frequency: state=2400000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.158044: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.160038: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.234557: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.237121: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   672.237174: cpu_frequency: state=2100000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.237186: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.237778: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.267902: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.269860: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   672.269906: cpu_frequency: state=1900000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.269914: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.271902: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.751342: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...   672.823056: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-556   [007] ....   672.823095: cpu_frequency: state=1600000 cpu_id=7

WITH

     <idle>-0     [007] dN..  4380.928009: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4380.949767: cpu_frequency: state=2000000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4380.969765: cpu_frequency: state=2200000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.009766: cpu_frequency: state=2500000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.029767: cpu_frequency: state=2600000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.049769: cpu_frequency: state=2800000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.069769: cpu_frequency: state=3000000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.089771: cpu_frequency: state=3100000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.109772: cpu_frequency: state=3400000 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4381.129773: cpu_frequency: state=3401000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.226159: cpu_idle: state=1 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.226176: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.226181: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.227177: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.551640: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.649239: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4428.649268: cpu_frequency: state=2800000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.649278: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.689856: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.799542: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.801683: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4428.801748: cpu_frequency: state=1700000 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.801761: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4428.806545: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
...
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4429.051880: cpu_idle: state=4 cpu_id=7
     <idle>-0     [007] d...  4429.086240: cpu_idle: state=4294967295 cpu_id=7
kworker/7:2-399   [007] ....  4429.086293: cpu_frequency: state=1600000 cpu_id=7

Without the patch the CPU dropped to min frequency after 3.2s
With the patch applied the CPU dropped to min frequency after 0.86s
Signed-off-by: Stratos Karafotis <stratosk@semaphore.gr>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>