The following is a description of a hang in blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait().
The hang happens on attempt to freeze a queue while another task does
queue unfreeze.

The root cause is an incorrect sequence of percpu_ref_resurrect() and
percpu_ref_kill() and as a result those two can be swapped:

 CPU#0                         CPU#1
 ----------------              -----------------
 q1 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags)

                                q2 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags):
                                  blk_mq_add_queue_tag_set(shared_tags):
                                    blk_mq_update_tag_set_depth(shared_tags):
				     list_for_each_entry()
                                      blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1)
                                       > percpu_ref_kill()
                                       > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait()

 blk_cleanup_queue(q1)
  blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1)
   > percpu_ref_kill()
                 ^^^^^^ freeze_depth can't guarantee the order

                                      blk_mq_unfreeze_queue()
                                        > percpu_ref_resurrect()

   > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait()
                 ^^^^^^ Hang here!!!!

This wrong sequence raises kernel warning:
percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm called more than once on blk_queue_usage_counter_release!
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11854 at lib/percpu-refcount.c:336 percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm+0x99/0xb0

But the most unpleasant effect is a hang of a blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait(),
which waits for a zero of a q_usage_counter, which never happens
because percpu-ref was reinited (instead of being killed) and stays in
PERCPU state forever.

How to reproduce:
 - "insmod null_blk.ko shared_tags=1 nr_devices=0 queue_mode=2"
 - cpu0: python Script.py 0; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu0
 - cpu1: python Script.py 1; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu1

 Script.py:
 ------
 #!/usr/bin/python3

import os
import sys

while True:
    on = "echo 1 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1]
    off = "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1]
    os.system(on)
    os.system(off)
------

This bug was first reported and fixed by Roman, previous discussion:
[1] Message id: 1443287365-4244-7-git-send-email-akinobu.mita@gmail.com
[2] Message id: 1443563240-29306-6-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org
[3] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9268199/Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <roman.penyaev@profitbricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>