See [MS-NLMP] 3.2.5.1.2 Server Receives an AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE from the Client:

   ...
   Set NullSession to FALSE
   If (AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE.UserNameLen == 0 AND
      AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE.NtChallengeResponse.Length == 0 AND
      (AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE.LmChallengeResponse == Z(1)
       OR
       AUTHENTICATE_MESSAGE.LmChallengeResponse.Length == 0))
       -- Special case: client requested anonymous authentication
       Set NullSession to TRUE
   ...

Only server which map unknown users to guest will allow
access using a non-null NTChallengeResponse.

For Samba it's the "map to guest = bad user" option.

BUG: https://bugzilla.samba.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11913

CC: Stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Metzmacher <metze@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <smfrench@gmail.com>