bpf, x86: Emit patchable direct jump as tail call
Add initial code emission for *direct* jumps for tail call maps in order to avoid the retpoline overhead from a493a87f ("bpf, x64: implement retpoline for tail call") for situations that allow for it, meaning, for known constant keys at verification time which are used as index into the tail call map. In case of Cilium which makes heavy use of tail calls, constant keys are used in the vast majority, only for a single occurrence we use a dynamic key. High level outline is that if the target prog is NULL in the map, we emit a 5-byte nop for the fall-through case and if not, we emit a 5-byte direct relative jmp to the target bpf_func + skipped prologue offset. Later during runtime, we patch these 5-byte nop/jmps upon tail call map update or deletions dynamically. Note that on x86-64 the direct jmp works as we reuse the same stack frame and skip prologue (as opposed to some other JIT implementations). One of the issues is that the tail call map slots can change at any given time even during JITing. Therefore, we have two passes: i) emit nops for all patchable locations during main JITing phase until we declare prog->jited = 1 eventually. At this point the image is stable, not public yet and with all jmps disabled. While JITing, we collect additional info like poke->ip in order to remember the patch location for later modifications. In ii) bpf_tail_call_direct_fixup() walks over the progs poke_tab, locks the tail call maps poke_mutex to prevent from parallel updates and patches in the right locations via __bpf_arch_text_poke(). Note, the main bpf_arch_text_poke() cannot be used at this point since we're not yet exposed to kallsyms. For the update we use plain memcpy() since the image is not public and still in read-write mode. After patching, we activate that poke entry through poke->ip_stable. Meaning, at this point any tail call map updates/deletions are not going to ignore that poke entry anymore. Then, bpf_arch_text_poke() might still occur on the read-write image until we finally locked it as read-only. Both modifications on the given image are under text_mutex to avoid interference with each other when update requests come in in parallel for different tail call maps (current one we have locked in JIT and different one where poke->ip_stable was already set). Example prog: # ./bpftool p d x i 1655 0: (b7) r3 = 0 1: (18) r2 = map[id:526] 3: (85) call bpf_tail_call#12 4: (b7) r0 = 1 5: (95) exit Before: # ./bpftool p d j i 1655 0xffffffffc076e55c: 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 5: push %rbp 6: mov %rsp,%rbp 9: sub $0x200,%rsp 10: push %rbx 11: push %r13 13: push %r14 15: push %r15 17: pushq $0x0 _ 19: xor %edx,%edx |_ index (arg 3) 1b: movabs $0xffff88d95cc82600,%rsi |_ map (arg 2) 25: mov %edx,%edx | index >= array->map.max_entries 27: cmp %edx,0x24(%rsi) | 2a: jbe 0x0000000000000066 |_ 2c: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax | tail call limit check 32: cmp $0x20,%eax | 35: ja 0x0000000000000066 | 37: add $0x1,%eax | 3a: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_ 40: mov 0xd0(%rsi,%rdx,8),%rax |_ prog = array->ptrs[index] 48: test %rax,%rax | prog == NULL check 4b: je 0x0000000000000066 |_ 4d: mov 0x30(%rax),%rax | goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size) 51: add $0x19,%rax | 55: callq 0x0000000000000061 | retpoline for indirect jump 5a: pause | 5c: lfence | 5f: jmp 0x000000000000005a | 61: mov %rax,(%rsp) | 65: retq |_ 66: mov $0x1,%eax 6b: pop %rbx 6c: pop %r15 6e: pop %r14 70: pop %r13 72: pop %rbx 73: leaveq 74: retq After; state after JIT: # ./bpftool p d j i 1655 0xffffffffc08e8930: 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 5: push %rbp 6: mov %rsp,%rbp 9: sub $0x200,%rsp 10: push %rbx 11: push %r13 13: push %r14 15: push %r15 17: pushq $0x0 _ 19: xor %edx,%edx |_ index (arg 3) 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi |_ map (arg 2) 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax | tail call limit check 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax | 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e | 30: add $0x1,%eax | 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_ 39: jmpq 0xfffffffffffd1785 |_ [direct] goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size) 3e: mov $0x1,%eax 43: pop %rbx 44: pop %r15 46: pop %r14 48: pop %r13 4a: pop %rbx 4b: leaveq 4c: retq After; state after map update (target prog): # ./bpftool p d j i 1655 0xffffffffc08e8930: 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 5: push %rbp 6: mov %rsp,%rbp 9: sub $0x200,%rsp 10: push %rbx 11: push %r13 13: push %r14 15: push %r15 17: pushq $0x0 19: xor %edx,%edx 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax . 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e . 30: add $0x1,%eax . 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_ 39: jmpq 0xffffffffffb09f55 |_ goto *(prog->bpf_func + prologue_size) 3e: mov $0x1,%eax 43: pop %rbx 44: pop %r15 46: pop %r14 48: pop %r13 4a: pop %rbx 4b: leaveq 4c: retq After; state after map update (no prog): # ./bpftool p d j i 1655 0xffffffffc08e8930: 0: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 5: push %rbp 6: mov %rsp,%rbp 9: sub $0x200,%rsp 10: push %rbx 11: push %r13 13: push %r14 15: push %r15 17: pushq $0x0 19: xor %edx,%edx 1b: movabs $0xffff9d8afd74c000,%rsi 25: mov -0x224(%rbp),%eax 2b: cmp $0x20,%eax . 2e: ja 0x000000000000003e . 30: add $0x1,%eax . 33: mov %eax,-0x224(%rbp) |_ 39: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) |_ fall-through nop 3e: mov $0x1,%eax 43: pop %rbx 44: pop %r15 46: pop %r14 48: pop %r13 4a: pop %rbx 4b: leaveq 4c: retq Nice bonus is that this also shrinks the code emission quite a bit for every tail call invocation. Signed-off-by:Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Signed-off-by:
Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/6ada4c1c9d35eeb5f4ecfab94593dafa6b5c4b09.1574452833.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
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