sched/doc: Document Energy Aware Scheduling

Add some documentation detailing the main design points of EAS, as well
as a list of its dependencies.

Parts of this documentation are taken from Morten Rasmussen's original
EAS posting: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/7/7/754Co-authored-by: Morten Rasmussen <morten.rasmussen@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Quentin Perret <quentin.perret@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: corbet@lwn.net
Cc: dietmar.eggemann@arm.com
Cc: patrick.bellasi@arm.com
Cc: rjw@rjwysocki.net
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190110110546.8101-3-quentin.perret@arm.comSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>