Commit 9f02a486 authored by Tamara Diaconita's avatar Tamara Diaconita Committed by Jonathan Corbet

Documentation: admin-guide: Fix typos

Fix typos in admin-guide directory.
Make documentation clear and grammatically correct.
Signed-off-by: default avatarTamara Diaconita <diaconita.tamara@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
parent 1e4390ae
...@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file ...@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_ parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30 multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equaling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted: bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted:
.. include:: kernel-parameters.txt .. include:: kernel-parameters.txt
......
...@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RAS concepts ...@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ RAS concepts
************ ************
Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) is a concept used on Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) is a concept used on
servers meant to measure their robusteness. servers meant to measure their robustness.
Reliability Reliability
is the probability that a system will produce correct outputs. is the probability that a system will produce correct outputs.
...@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ Among the monitoring measures, the most usual ones include: ...@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ Among the monitoring measures, the most usual ones include:
* CPU – detect errors at instruction execution and at L1/L2/L3 caches; * CPU – detect errors at instruction execution and at L1/L2/L3 caches;
* Memory – add error correction logic (ECC) to detect and correct errors; * Memory – add error correction logic (ECC) to detect and correct errors;
* I/O – add CRC checksums for tranfered data; * I/O – add CRC checksums for transferred data;
* Storage – RAID, journal file systems, checksums, * Storage – RAID, journal file systems, checksums,
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART).
By monitoring the number of occurrences of error detections, it is possible By monitoring the number of occurrences of error detections, it is possible
to identify if the probability of hardware errors is increasing, and, on such to identify if the probability of hardware errors is increasing, and, on such
case, do a preventive maintainance to replace a degrated component while case, do a preventive maintenance to replace a degraded component while
those errors are correctable. those errors are correctable.
Types of errors Types of errors
...@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ using the ``dmidecode`` tool. For example, on a desktop machine, it shows:: ...@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ using the ``dmidecode`` tool. For example, on a desktop machine, it shows::
On the above example, a DDR4 SO-DIMM memory module is located at the On the above example, a DDR4 SO-DIMM memory module is located at the
system's memory labeled as "BANK 0", as given by the *bank locator* field. system's memory labeled as "BANK 0", as given by the *bank locator* field.
Please notice that, on such system, the *total width* is equal to the Please notice that, on such system, the *total width* is equal to the
*data witdh*. It means that such memory module doesn't have error *data width*. It means that such memory module doesn't have error
detection/correction mechanisms. detection/correction mechanisms.
Unfortunately, not all systems use the same field to specify the memory Unfortunately, not all systems use the same field to specify the memory
...@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ bank. On this example, from an older server, ``dmidecode`` shows:: ...@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ bank. On this example, from an older server, ``dmidecode`` shows::
There, the DDR3 RDIMM memory module is located at the system's memory labeled There, the DDR3 RDIMM memory module is located at the system's memory labeled
as "DIMM_A1", as given by the *locator* field. Please notice that this as "DIMM_A1", as given by the *locator* field. Please notice that this
memory module has 64 bits of *data witdh* and 72 bits of *total width*. So, memory module has 64 bits of *data width* and 72 bits of *total width*. So,
it has 8 extra bits to be used by error detection and correction mechanisms. it has 8 extra bits to be used by error detection and correction mechanisms.
Such kind of memory is called Error-correcting code memory (ECC memory). Such kind of memory is called Error-correcting code memory (ECC memory).
...@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Architecture (MCA)\ [#f3]_. ...@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Architecture (MCA)\ [#f3]_.
.. [#f1] Please notice that several memory controllers allow operation on a .. [#f1] Please notice that several memory controllers allow operation on a
mode called "Lock-Step", where it groups two memory modules together, mode called "Lock-Step", where it groups two memory modules together,
doing 128-bit reads/writes. That gives 16 bits for error correction, with doing 128-bit reads/writes. That gives 16 bits for error correction, with
significatively improves the error correction mechanism, at the expense significantly improves the error correction mechanism, at the expense
that, when an error happens, there's no way to know what memory module is that, when an error happens, there's no way to know what memory module is
to blame. So, it has to blame both memory modules. to blame. So, it has to blame both memory modules.
......
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