Merge branch 'bpf-cgroup2'

Martin KaFai Lau says:

====================
cgroup: bpf: cgroup2 membership test on skb

This series is to implement a bpf-way to
check the cgroup2 membership of a skb (sk_buff).

It is similar to the feature added in netfilter:
c38c4597 ("netfilter: implement xt_cgroup cgroup2 path match")

The current target is the tc-like usage.

v3:
- Remove WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held())
- Stop BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY usage in patch 2/4
- Avoid mounting bpf fs manually in patch 4/4

- Thanks for Daniel's review and the above suggestions

- Check CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA instead of CONFIG_CGROUPS.  Thanks to
  the kbuild bot's report.
  Patch 2/4 only needs CONFIG_CGROUPS while patch 3/4 needs
  CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA.  Since a single bpf cgrp2 array alone is
  not useful for now, CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA is also used in
  patch 2/4.  We can fine tune it later if we find other use cases
  for the cgrp2 array.
- Return EAGAIN instead of ENOENT if the cgrp2 array entry is
  NULL.  It is to distinguish these two cases: 1) the userland has
  not populated this array entry yet. or 2) not finding cgrp2 from the skb.

- Be-lated thanks to Alexei and Tejun on reviewing v1 and giving advice on
  this work.

v2:
- Fix two return cases in cgroup_get_from_fd()
- Fix compilation errors when CONFIG_CGROUPS is not used:
  - arraymap.c: avoid registering BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY
  - filter.c: tc_cls_act_func_proto() returns NULL on BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup
- Add comments to BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup and cgroup_get_from_fd()
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

include/linux/cgroup.h

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ struct cgroup_subsys_state *css_tryget_online_from_dir(struct dentry *dentry,
 						       struct cgroup_subsys *ss);
 
 struct cgroup *cgroup_get_from_path(const char *path);
+struct cgroup *cgroup_get_from_fd(int fd);
 
 int cgroup_attach_task_all(struct task_struct *from, struct task_struct *);
 int cgroup_transfer_tasks(struct cgroup *to, struct cgroup *from);

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ enum bpf_map_type {
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,
+	BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
 };
 
 enum bpf_prog_type {
@@ -336,6 +337,17 @@ enum bpf_func_id {
 	 */
 	BPF_FUNC_skb_change_type,
 
+	/**
+	 * bpf_skb_in_cgroup(skb, map, index) - Check cgroup2 membership of skb
+	 * @skb: pointer to skb
+	 * @map: pointer to bpf_map in BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY type
+	 * @index: index of the cgroup in the bpf_map
+	 * Return:
+	 *   == 0 skb failed the cgroup2 descendant test
+	 *   == 1 skb succeeded the cgroup2 descendant test
+	 *    < 0 error
+	 */
+	BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup,
 	__BPF_FUNC_MAX_ID,
 };
 

kernel/bpf/arraymap.c

@@ -537,3 +537,46 @@ static int __init register_perf_event_array_map(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 late_initcall(register_perf_event_array_map);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA
+static void *cgroup_fd_array_get_ptr(struct bpf_map *map,
+				     struct file *map_file /* not used */,
+				     int fd)
+{
+	return cgroup_get_from_fd(fd);
+}
+
+static void cgroup_fd_array_put_ptr(void *ptr)
+{
+	/* cgroup_put free cgrp after a rcu grace period */
+	cgroup_put(ptr);
+}
+
+static void cgroup_fd_array_free(struct bpf_map *map)
+{
+	bpf_fd_array_map_clear(map);
+	fd_array_map_free(map);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_map_ops cgroup_array_ops = {
+	.map_alloc = fd_array_map_alloc,
+	.map_free = cgroup_fd_array_free,
+	.map_get_next_key = array_map_get_next_key,
+	.map_lookup_elem = fd_array_map_lookup_elem,
+	.map_delete_elem = fd_array_map_delete_elem,
+	.map_fd_get_ptr = cgroup_fd_array_get_ptr,
+	.map_fd_put_ptr = cgroup_fd_array_put_ptr,
+};
+
+static struct bpf_map_type_list cgroup_array_type __read_mostly = {
+	.ops = &cgroup_array_ops,
+	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
+};
+
+static int __init register_cgroup_array_map(void)
+{
+	bpf_register_map_type(&cgroup_array_type);
+	return 0;
+}
+late_initcall(register_cgroup_array_map);
+#endif

kernel/bpf/syscall.c

@@ -393,7 +393,8 @@ static int map_update_elem(union bpf_attr *attr)
 	} else if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY) {
 		err = bpf_percpu_array_update(map, key, value, attr->flags);
 	} else if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY ||
-		   map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY) {
+		   map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY ||
+		   map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY) {
 		rcu_read_lock();
 		err = bpf_fd_array_map_update_elem(map, f.file, key, value,
 						   attr->flags);

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -1035,6 +1035,10 @@ static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map *map, int func_id)
 		if (func_id != BPF_FUNC_get_stackid)
 			goto error;
 		break;
+	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY:
+		if (func_id != BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup)
+			goto error;
+		break;
 	default:
 		break;
 	}
@@ -1054,6 +1058,10 @@ static int check_map_func_compatibility(struct bpf_map *map, int func_id)
 		if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE)
 			goto error;
 		break;
+	case BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup:
+		if (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY)
+			goto error;
+		break;
 	default:
 		break;
 	}

kernel/cgroup.c

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
 #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
 #include <net/sock.h>
 
 /*
@@ -6209,6 +6210,40 @@ struct cgroup *cgroup_get_from_path(const char *path)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_get_from_path);
 
+/**
+ * cgroup_get_from_fd - get a cgroup pointer from a fd
+ * @fd: fd obtained by open(cgroup2_dir)
+ *
+ * Find the cgroup from a fd which should be obtained
+ * by opening a cgroup directory.  Returns a pointer to the
+ * cgroup on success. ERR_PTR is returned if the cgroup
+ * cannot be found.
+ */
+struct cgroup *cgroup_get_from_fd(int fd)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+	struct cgroup *cgrp;
+	struct file *f;
+
+	f = fget_raw(fd);
+	if (!f)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
+
+	css = css_tryget_online_from_dir(f->f_path.dentry, NULL);
+	fput(f);
+	if (IS_ERR(css))
+		return ERR_CAST(css);
+
+	cgrp = css->cgroup;
+	if (!cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp)) {
+		cgroup_put(cgrp);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
+	}
+
+	return cgrp;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_get_from_fd);
+
 /*
  * sock->sk_cgrp_data handling.  For more info, see sock_cgroup_data
  * definition in cgroup-defs.h.

net/core/filter.c

@@ -2239,6 +2239,40 @@ bpf_get_skb_set_tunnel_proto(enum bpf_func_id which)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA
+static u64 bpf_skb_in_cgroup(u64 r1, u64 r2, u64 r3, u64 r4, u64 r5)
+{
+	struct sk_buff *skb = (struct sk_buff *)(long)r1;
+	struct bpf_map *map = (struct bpf_map *)(long)r2;
+	struct bpf_array *array = container_of(map, struct bpf_array, map);
+	struct cgroup *cgrp;
+	struct sock *sk;
+	u32 i = (u32)r3;
+
+	sk = skb->sk;
+	if (!sk || !sk_fullsock(sk))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (unlikely(i >= array->map.max_entries))
+		return -E2BIG;
+
+	cgrp = READ_ONCE(array->ptrs[i]);
+	if (unlikely(!cgrp))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	return cgroup_is_descendant(sock_cgroup_ptr(&sk->sk_cgrp_data), cgrp);
+}
+
+static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skb_in_cgroup_proto = {
+	.func		= bpf_skb_in_cgroup,
+	.gpl_only	= false,
+	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
+	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_CTX,
+	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
+	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
+};
+#endif
+
 static const struct bpf_func_proto *
 sk_filter_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 {
@@ -2307,6 +2341,10 @@ tc_cls_act_func_proto(enum bpf_func_id func_id)
 		return bpf_get_event_output_proto();
 	case BPF_FUNC_get_smp_processor_id:
 		return &bpf_get_smp_processor_id_proto;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA
+	case BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup:
+		return &bpf_skb_in_cgroup_proto;
+#endif
 	default:
 		return sk_filter_func_proto(func_id);
 	}

samples/bpf/Makefile

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ hostprogs-y += offwaketime
 hostprogs-y += spintest
 hostprogs-y += map_perf_test
 hostprogs-y += test_overhead
+hostprogs-y += test_cgrp2_array_pin
 
 test_verifier-objs := test_verifier.o libbpf.o
 test_maps-objs := test_maps.o libbpf.o
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ offwaketime-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o offwaketime_user.o
 spintest-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o spintest_user.o
 map_perf_test-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o map_perf_test_user.o
 test_overhead-objs := bpf_load.o libbpf.o test_overhead_user.o
+test_cgrp2_array_pin-objs := libbpf.o test_cgrp2_array_pin.o
 
 # Tell kbuild to always build the programs
 always := $(hostprogs-y)
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ always += map_perf_test_kern.o
 always += test_overhead_tp_kern.o
 always += test_overhead_kprobe_kern.o
 always += parse_varlen.o parse_simple.o parse_ldabs.o
+always += test_cgrp2_tc_kern.o
 
 HOSTCFLAGS += -I$(objtree)/usr/include
 

samples/bpf/bpf_helpers.h

@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ static int (*bpf_l3_csum_replace)(void *ctx, int off, int from, int to, int flag
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_l3_csum_replace;
 static int (*bpf_l4_csum_replace)(void *ctx, int off, int from, int to, int flags) =
 	(void *) BPF_FUNC_l4_csum_replace;
+static int (*bpf_skb_in_cgroup)(void *ctx, void *map, int index) =
+	(void *) BPF_FUNC_skb_in_cgroup;
 
 #if defined(__x86_64__)
 

samples/bpf/test_cgrp2_array_pin.c

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "libbpf.h"
+
+static void usage(void)
+{
+	printf("Usage: test_cgrp2_array_pin [...]\n");
+	printf("       -F <file>   File to pin an BPF cgroup array\n");
+	printf("       -U <file>   Update an already pinned BPF cgroup array\n");
+	printf("       -v <value>  Full path of the cgroup2\n");
+	printf("       -h          Display this help\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char *pinned_file = NULL, *cg2 = NULL;
+	int create_array = 1;
+	int array_key = 0;
+	int array_fd = -1;
+	int cg2_fd = -1;
+	int ret = -1;
+	int opt;
+
+	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "F:U:v:")) != -1) {
+		switch (opt) {
+		/* General args */
+		case 'F':
+			pinned_file = optarg;
+			break;
+		case 'U':
+			pinned_file = optarg;
+			create_array = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			cg2 = optarg;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage();
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!cg2 || !pinned_file) {
+		usage();
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cg2_fd = open(cg2, O_RDONLY);
+	if (cg2_fd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "open(%s,...): %s(%d)\n",
+			cg2, strerror(errno), errno);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (create_array) {
+		array_fd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
+					  sizeof(uint32_t), sizeof(uint32_t),
+					  1, 0);
+		if (array_fd < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,...): %s(%d)\n",
+				strerror(errno), errno);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	} else {
+		array_fd = bpf_obj_get(pinned_file);
+		if (array_fd < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "bpf_obj_get(%s): %s(%d)\n",
+				pinned_file, strerror(errno), errno);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = bpf_update_elem(array_fd, &array_key, &cg2_fd, 0);
+	if (ret) {
+		perror("bpf_update_elem");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (create_array) {
+		ret = bpf_obj_pin(array_fd, pinned_file);
+		if (ret) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "bpf_obj_pin(..., %s): %s(%d)\n",
+				pinned_file, strerror(errno), errno);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (array_fd != -1)
+		close(array_fd);
+	if (cg2_fd != -1)
+		close(cg2_fd);
+	return ret;
+}

samples/bpf/test_cgrp2_tc.sh

+#!/bin/bash
+
+MY_DIR=$(dirname $0)
+# Details on the bpf prog
+BPF_CGRP2_ARRAY_NAME='test_cgrp2_array_pin'
+BPF_PROG="$MY_DIR/test_cgrp2_tc_kern.o"
+BPF_SECTION='filter'
+
+[ -z "$TC" ] && TC='tc'
+[ -z "$IP" ] && IP='ip'
+
+# Names of the veth interface, net namespace...etc.
+HOST_IFC='ve'
+NS_IFC='vens'
+NS='ns'
+
+find_mnt() {
+    cat /proc/mounts | \
+	awk '{ if ($3 == "'$1'" && mnt == "") { mnt = $2 }} END { print mnt }'
+}
+
+# Init cgroup2 vars
+init_cgrp2_vars() {
+    CGRP2_ROOT=$(find_mnt cgroup2)
+    if [ -z "$CGRP2_ROOT" ]
+    then
+	CGRP2_ROOT='/mnt/cgroup2'
+	MOUNT_CGRP2="yes"
+    fi
+    CGRP2_TC="$CGRP2_ROOT/tc"
+    CGRP2_TC_LEAF="$CGRP2_TC/leaf"
+}
+
+# Init bpf fs vars
+init_bpf_fs_vars() {
+    local bpf_fs_root=$(find_mnt bpf)
+    [ -n "$bpf_fs_root" ] || return -1
+    BPF_FS_TC_SHARE="$bpf_fs_root/tc/globals"
+}
+
+setup_cgrp2() {
+    case $1 in
+	start)
+	    if [ "$MOUNT_CGRP2" == 'yes' ]
+	    then
+		[ -d $CGRP2_ROOT ] || mkdir -p $CGRP2_ROOT
+		mount -t cgroup2 none $CGRP2_ROOT || return $?
+	    fi
+	    mkdir -p $CGRP2_TC_LEAF
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    rmdir $CGRP2_TC_LEAF && rmdir $CGRP2_TC
+	    [ "$MOUNT_CGRP2" == 'yes' ] && umount $CGRP2_ROOT
+	    ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+setup_bpf_cgrp2_array() {
+    local bpf_cgrp2_array="$BPF_FS_TC_SHARE/$BPF_CGRP2_ARRAY_NAME"
+    case $1 in
+	start)
+	    $MY_DIR/test_cgrp2_array_pin -U $bpf_cgrp2_array -v $CGRP2_TC
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    [ -d "$BPF_FS_TC_SHARE" ] && rm -f $bpf_cgrp2_array
+	    ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+setup_net() {
+    case $1 in
+	start)
+	    $IP link add $HOST_IFC type veth peer name $NS_IFC || return $?
+	    $IP link set dev $HOST_IFC up || return $?
+	    sysctl -q net.ipv6.conf.$HOST_IFC.accept_dad=0
+
+	    $IP netns add ns || return $?
+	    $IP link set dev $NS_IFC netns ns || return $?
+	    $IP -n $NS link set dev $NS_IFC up || return $?
+	    $IP netns exec $NS sysctl -q net.ipv6.conf.$NS_IFC.accept_dad=0
+	    $TC qdisc add dev $HOST_IFC clsact || return $?
+	    $TC filter add dev $HOST_IFC egress bpf da obj $BPF_PROG sec $BPF_SECTION || return $?
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    $IP netns del $NS
+	    $IP link del $HOST_IFC
+	    ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+run_in_cgrp() {
+    # Fork another bash and move it under the specified cgroup.
+    # It makes the cgroup cleanup easier at the end of the test.
+    cmd='echo $$ > '
+    cmd="$cmd $1/cgroup.procs; exec $2"
+    bash -c "$cmd"
+}
+
+do_test() {
+    run_in_cgrp $CGRP2_TC_LEAF "ping -6 -c3 ff02::1%$HOST_IFC >& /dev/null"
+    local dropped=$($TC -s qdisc show dev $HOST_IFC | tail -3 | \
+			   awk '/drop/{print substr($7, 0, index($7, ",")-1)}')
+    if [[ $dropped -eq 0 ]]
+    then
+	echo "FAIL"
+	return 1
+    else
+	echo "Successfully filtered $dropped packets"
+	return 0
+    fi
+}
+
+do_exit() {
+    if [ "$DEBUG" == "yes" ] && [ "$MODE" != 'cleanuponly' ]
+    then
+	echo "------ DEBUG ------"
+	echo "mount: "; mount | egrep '(cgroup2|bpf)'; echo
+	echo "$CGRP2_TC_LEAF: "; ls -l $CGRP2_TC_LEAF; echo
+	if [ -d "$BPF_FS_TC_SHARE" ]
+	then
+	    echo "$BPF_FS_TC_SHARE: "; ls -l $BPF_FS_TC_SHARE; echo
+	fi
+	echo "Host net:"
+	$IP netns
+	$IP link show dev $HOST_IFC
+	$IP -6 a show dev $HOST_IFC
+	$TC -s qdisc show dev $HOST_IFC
+	echo
+	echo "$NS net:"
+	$IP -n $NS link show dev $NS_IFC
+	$IP -n $NS -6 link show dev $NS_IFC
+	echo "------ DEBUG ------"
+	echo
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$MODE" != 'nocleanup' ]
+    then
+	setup_net stop
+	setup_bpf_cgrp2_array stop
+	setup_cgrp2 stop
+    fi
+}
+
+init_cgrp2_vars
+init_bpf_fs_vars
+
+while [[ $# -ge 1 ]]
+do
+    a="$1"
+    case $a in
+	debug)
+	    DEBUG='yes'
+	    shift 1
+	    ;;
+	cleanup-only)
+	    MODE='cleanuponly'
+	    shift 1
+	    ;;
+	no-cleanup)
+	    MODE='nocleanup'
+	    shift 1
+	    ;;
+	*)
+	    echo "test_cgrp2_tc [debug] [cleanup-only | no-cleanup]"
+	    echo "  debug: Print cgrp and network setup details at the end of the test"
+	    echo "  cleanup-only: Try to cleanup things from last test.  No test will be run"
+	    echo "  no-cleanup: Run the test but don't do cleanup at the end"
+	    echo "[Note: If no arg is given, it will run the test and do cleanup at the end]"
+	    echo
+	    exit -1
+	    ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+trap do_exit 0
+
+[ "$MODE" == 'cleanuponly' ] && exit
+
+setup_cgrp2 start || exit $?
+setup_net start || exit $?
+init_bpf_fs_vars || exit $?
+setup_bpf_cgrp2_array start || exit $?
+do_test
+echo

samples/bpf/test_cgrp2_tc_kern.c

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Facebook
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+#include <uapi/linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/in6.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/ipv6.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+/* copy of 'struct ethhdr' without __packed */
+struct eth_hdr {
+	unsigned char   h_dest[ETH_ALEN];
+	unsigned char   h_source[ETH_ALEN];
+	unsigned short  h_proto;
+};
+
+#define PIN_GLOBAL_NS		2
+struct bpf_elf_map {
+	__u32 type;
+	__u32 size_key;
+	__u32 size_value;
+	__u32 max_elem;
+	__u32 flags;
+	__u32 id;
+	__u32 pinning;
+};
+
+struct bpf_elf_map SEC("maps") test_cgrp2_array_pin = {
+	.type		= BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
+	.size_key	= sizeof(uint32_t),
+	.size_value	= sizeof(uint32_t),
+	.pinning	= PIN_GLOBAL_NS,
+	.max_elem	= 1,
+};
+
+SEC("filter")
+int handle_egress(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	void *data = (void *)(long)skb->data;
+	struct eth_hdr *eth = data;
+	struct ipv6hdr *ip6h = data + sizeof(*eth);
+	void *data_end = (void *)(long)skb->data_end;
+	char dont_care_msg[] = "dont care %04x %d\n";
+	char pass_msg[] = "pass\n";
+	char reject_msg[] = "reject\n";
+
+	/* single length check */
+	if (data + sizeof(*eth) + sizeof(*ip6h) > data_end)
+		return TC_ACT_OK;
+
+	if (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IPV6) ||
+	    ip6h->nexthdr != IPPROTO_ICMPV6) {
+		bpf_trace_printk(dont_care_msg, sizeof(dont_care_msg),
+				 eth->h_proto, ip6h->nexthdr);
+		return TC_ACT_OK;
+	} else if (bpf_skb_in_cgroup(skb, &test_cgrp2_array_pin, 0) != 1) {
+		bpf_trace_printk(pass_msg, sizeof(pass_msg));
+		return TC_ACT_OK;
+	} else {
+		bpf_trace_printk(reject_msg, sizeof(reject_msg));
+		return TC_ACT_SHOT;
+	}
+}
+
+char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";