- 03 Jul, 2013 40 commits
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Jiang Liu authored
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init(). Signed-off-by:
Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Jiang Liu authored
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init(). Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Prepare for removing num_physpages and simplify mem_init(). Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Prepare for removing num_physpages. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
The global variable num_physpages is scheduled to be removed, so use totalram_pages instead of num_physpages at runtime. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Introduce helper function mem_init_print_info() to simplify mem_init() across different architectures, which also unifies the format and information printed. Function mem_init_print_info() calculates memory statistics information without walking each page, so it should be a little faster on some architectures. Also introduce another helper get_num_physpages() to kill the global variable num_physpages. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h. 1) Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section. 2) Export mandatory global variables __bss_stop. 3) Adjust __init_begin and __init_end to avoid acrossing .text and .data sections. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h. 1) Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section. 2) Export mandatory global variables __init_begin and __init_end. Signed-off-by:
Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Generate mandatory global variables _sdata in file vmlinux.lds. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Generate mandatory global variables __bss_start/__bss_stop in file vmlinux.lds. Also remove one unused declaration of _text. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h. Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section. This patch also fixes possible bugs due to current address layout that [__init_begin, __init_end] is a sub-range of [_stext, _etext] and pages within range [__init_begin, __init_end] will be freed by free_initmem(). Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds to conform usage guidelines from include/asm-generic/sections.h. Use _text to mark the start of the kernel image including the head text, and _stext to mark the start of the .text section. Signed-off-by:
Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no> Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
The original goal of this patchset is to fix the bug reported by https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501 Now it has also been expanded to reduce common code used by memory initializion. Patch 1-7: 1) add comments for global variables exported by vmlinux.lds 2) normalize global variables exported by vmlinux.lds Patch 8: Introduce helper functions mem_init_print_info() and get_num_physpages() Patch 9: Avoid using global variable num_physpages at runtime Patch 10: Don't update num_physpages in memory_hotplug.c Patch 11-40: Modify arch mm initialization code to: 1) Simplify mem_init() by using mem_init_print_info() 2) Prepare for killing global variable num_physpages Patch 41: Kill the global variable num_physpages With all patches applied, mem_init(), free_initmem(), free_initrd_mem() could be as simple as below. This patch series has reduced about 1.2K lines of code in total. #ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM void __init mem_init(void) { max_mapnr = max_low_pfn; free_all_bootmem(); high_memory = (void *) __va(max_low_pfn * PAGE_SIZE); mem_init_print_info(NULL); } #endif /* CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM */ void free_initmem(void) { free_initmem_default(-1); } #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end) { free_reserved_area(start, end, -1, "initrd"); } #endif Due to hardware resource limitations, I have only tested this on x86_64. And the messages reported on an x86_64 system are: Log message before applying patches: Memory: 7745676k/8910848k available (6934k kernel code, 836024k absent, 329148k reserved, 6343k data, 1012k init) Log message after applying patches: Memory: 7744624K/8074824K available (6969K kernel code, 1011K data, 2828K rodata, 1016K init, 9640K bss, 330200K reserved) Great thanks to Vineet Gupta for testing on ARC. This patch: Document global variables exported from vmlinux.lds. 1) Add comments about usage guidelines for global variables exported from vmlinux.lds.S. 2) Remove unused __initdata_begin[] and __initdata_end[]. Signed-off-by:
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vineet Gupta authored
zap_pte_range loops from @addr to @end. In the middle, if it runs out of batching slots, TLB entries needs to be flushed for @start to @interim, NOT @interim to @end. Since ARC port doesn't use page free batching I can't test it myself but this seems like the right thing to do. Observed this when working on a fix for the issue at thread: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-arch/msg21736.htmlSigned-off-by:
Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Sergey Dyasly authored
Now there are only 2 members in struct page_cgroup. Update config MEMCG description accordingly. Signed-off-by:
Sergey Dyasly <dserrg@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by:
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Acked-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
As reported by https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53501, "MemTotal" from /proc/meminfo means memory pages managed by the buddy system (managed_pages), but "MemTotal" from /sys/.../node/nodex/meminfo means physical pages present (present_pages) within the NUMA node. There's a difference between managed_pages and present_pages due to bootmem allocator and reserved pages. And Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt says MemTotal: Total usable ram (i.e. physical ram minus a few reserved bits and the kernel binary code) So change /sys/.../node/nodex/meminfo to report available pages within the node as "MemTotal". Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Concentrate code to modify totalram_pages into the mm core, so the arch memory initialized code doesn't need to take care of it. With these changes applied, only following functions from mm core modify global variable totalram_pages: free_bootmem_late(), free_all_bootmem(), free_all_bootmem_node(), adjust_managed_page_count(). With this patch applied, it will be much more easier for us to keep totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in consistence. Signed-off-by:
David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com> Cc: <sworddragon2@aol.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Enhance adjust_managed_page_count() to adjust totalhigh_pages for highmem pages. And change code which directly adjusts totalram_pages to use adjust_managed_page_count() because it adjusts totalram_pages, totalhigh_pages and zone->managed_pages altogether in a safe way. Remove inc_totalhigh_pages() and dec_totalhigh_pages() from xen/balloon driver bacause adjust_managed_page_count() has already adjusted totalhigh_pages. This patch also fixes two bugs: 1) enhances virtio_balloon driver to adjust totalhigh_pages when reserve/unreserve pages. 2) enhance memory_hotplug.c to adjust totalhigh_pages when hot-removing memory. We still need to deal with modifications of totalram_pages in file arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/cmm.c, but need help from PPC experts. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove ifdef, per Wanpeng Li, virtio_balloon.c cleanup, per Sergei] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: export adjust_managed_page_count() to modules, for drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c] Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
In order to simpilify management of totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages, make __free_pages_bootmem() only available at boot time. With this change applied, __free_pages_bootmem() will only be used by bootmem.c and nobootmem.c at boot time, so mark it as __init. Other callers of __free_pages_bootmem() have been converted to use free_reserved_page(), which handles totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in a safer way. This patch also fix a bug in free_pagetable() for x86_64, which should increase zone->managed_pages instead of zone->present_pages when freeing reserved pages. And now we have managed_pages_count_lock to protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages, so remove the redundant ppb_lock lock in put_page_bootmem(). This greatly simplifies the locking rules. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Currently lock_memory_hotplug()/unlock_memory_hotplug() are used to protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages. Other than the memory hotplug driver, totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages may also be modified at runtime by other drivers, such as Xen balloon, virtio_balloon etc. For those cases, memory hotplug lock is a little too heavy, so introduce a dedicated lock to protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages. Now we have a simplified locking rules totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages as: 1) no locking for read accesses because they are unsigned long. 2) no locking for write accesses at boot time in single-threaded context. 3) serialize write accesses at runtime by acquiring the dedicated managed_page_count_lock. Also adjust zone->managed_pages when freeing reserved pages into the buddy system, to keep totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages in consistence. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't export adjust_managed_page_count to modules (for now)] Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Commit "mm: introduce new field 'managed_pages' to struct zone" assumes that all highmem pages will be freed into the buddy system by function mem_init(). But that's not always true, some architectures may reserve some highmem pages during boot. For example PPC may allocate highmem pages for giagant HugeTLB pages, and several architectures have code to check PageReserved flag to exclude highmem pages allocated during boot when freeing highmem pages into the buddy system. So treat highmem pages in the same way as normal pages, that is to: 1) reset zone->managed_pages to zero in mem_init(). 2) recalculate managed_pages when freeing pages into the buddy system. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Use zone->managed_pages instead of zone->present_pages to calculate default zonelist order because managed_pages means allocatable pages. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Fix some trivial typos in comments. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Use common help functions to free reserved pages. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Use common help function free_reserved_area() to simplify code. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Use free_reserved_area() to poison initmem memory pages and kill poison_init_mem() on ARM64. Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Address more review comments from last round of code review. 1) Enhance free_reserved_area() to support poisoning freed memory with pattern '0'. This could be used to get rid of poison_init_mem() on ARM64. 2) A previous patch has disabled memory poison for initmem on s390 by mistake, so restore to the original behavior. 3) Remove redundant PAGE_ALIGN() when calling free_reserved_area(). Signed-off-by:
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Jiang Liu authored
Change signature of free_reserved_area() according to Russell King's suggestion to fix following build warnings: arch/arm/mm/init.c: In function 'mem_init': arch/arm/mm/init.c:603:2: warning: passing argument 1 of 'free_reserved_area' makes integer from pointer without a cast [enabled by default] free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL); ^ In file included from include/linux/mman.h:4:0, from arch/arm/mm/init.c:15: include/linux/mm.h:1301:22: note: expected 'long unsigned int' but argument is of type 'void *' extern unsigned long free_reserved_area(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_reserved_area': >> mm/page_alloc.c:5134:3: warning: passing argument 1 of 'virt_to_phys' makes pointer from integer without a cast [enabled by default] In file included from arch/mips/include/asm/page.h:49:0, from include/linux/mmzone.h:20, from include/linux/gfp.h:4, from include/linux/mm.h:8, from mm/page_alloc.c:18: arch/mips/include/asm/io.h:119:29: note: expected 'const volatile void *' but argument is of type 'long unsigned int' mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'free_area_init_nodes': mm/page_alloc.c:5030:34: warning: array subscript is below array bounds [-Warray-bounds] Also address some minor code review comments. Signed-off-by: -
Rafael Aquini authored
Considering the use cases where the swap device supports discard: a) and can do it quickly; b) but it's slow to do in small granularities (or concurrent with other I/O); c) but the implementation is so horrendous that you don't even want to send one down; And assuming that the sysadmin considers it useful to send the discards down at all, we would (probably) want the following solutions: i. do the fine-grained discards for freed swap pages, if device is capable of doing so optimally; ii. do single-time (batched) swap area discards, either at swapon or via something like fstrim (not implemented yet); iii. allow doing both single-time and fine-grained discards; or iv. turn it off completely (default behavior) As implemented today, one can only enable/disable discards for swap, but one cannot select, for instance, solution (ii) on a swap device like (b) even though the single-time discard is regarded to be interesting, or necessary to the workload because it would imply (1), and the device is not capable of performing it optimally. This patch addresses the scenario depicted above by introducing a way to ensure the (probably) wanted solutions (i, ii, iii and iv) can be flexibly flagged through swapon(8) to allow a sysadmin to select the best suitable swap discard policy accordingly to system constraints. This patch introduces SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES and SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE new flags to allow more flexibe swap discard policies being flagged through swapon(8). The default behavior is to keep both single-time, or batched, area discards (SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE) and fine-grained discards for page-clusters (SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES) enabled, in order to keep consistentcy with older kernel behavior, as well as maintain compatibility with older swapon(8). However, through the new introduced flags the best suitable discard policy can be selected accordingly to any given swap device constraint. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments] Signed-off-by:Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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Tim Chen authored
Currently the per cpu counter's batch size for memory accounting is configured as twice the number of cpus in the system. However, for system with very large memory, it is more appropriate to make it proportional to the memory size per cpu in the system. For example, for a x86_64 system with 64 cpus and 128 GB of memory, the batch size is only 2*64 pages (0.5 MB). So any memory accounting changes of more than 0.5MB will overflow the per cpu counter into the global counter. Instead, for the new scheme, the batch size is configured to be 0.4% of the memory/cpu = 8MB (128 GB/64 /256), which is more inline with the memory size. I've done a repeated brk test of 800KB (from will-it-scale test suite) with 80 concurrent processes on a 4 socket Westmere machine with a total of 40 cores. Without the patch, about 80% of cpu is spent on spin-lock contention within the vm_committed_as counter. With the patch, there's a 73x speedup on the benchmark and the lock contention drops off almost entirely. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix section mismatch] Signed-off-by:
Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
Use the already existing interface huge_page_shift instead of h->order + PAGE_SHIFT. Signed-off-by:
Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Reviewed-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
hugetlb_prefault() is not used any more, this patch removes it. Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
get_pageblock_flags and set_pageblock_flags are not used any more, this patch removes them. Signed-off-by:
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Wanpeng Li authored
The logic for the memory-remove code fails to correctly account the Total High Memory when a memory block which contains High Memory is offlined as shown in the example below. The following patch fixes it. Before logic memory remove: MemTotal: 7603740 kB MemFree: 6329612 kB Buffers: 94352 kB Cached: 872008 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 626932 kB Inactive: 519216 kB Active(anon): 180776 kB Inactive(anon): 222944 kB Active(file): 446156 kB Inactive(file): 296272 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 7294672 kB HighFree: 5704696 kB LowTotal: 309068 kB LowFree: 624916 kB After logic memory remove: MemTotal: 7079452 kB MemFree: 5805976 kB Buffers: 94372 kB Cached: 872000 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 626936 kB Inactive: 519236 kB Active(anon): 180780 kB Inactive(anon): 222944 kB Active(file): 446156 kB Inactive(file): 296292 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 7294672 kB HighFree: 5181024 kB LowTotal: 4294752076 kB LowFree: 624952 kB [mhocko@suse.cz: fix CONFIG_HIGHMEM=n build] Signed-off-by:
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Toshi Kani authored
During early boot-up, iomem_resource is set up from the boot descriptor table, such as EFI Memory Table and e820. Later, acpi_memory_device_add() calls add_memory() for each ACPI memory device object as it enumerates ACPI namespace. This add_memory() call is expected to fail in register_memory_resource() at boot since iomem_resource has been set up from EFI/e820. As a result, add_memory() returns -EEXIST, which acpi_memory_device_add() handles as the normal case. This scheme works fine, but the following error message is logged for every ACPI memory device object during boot-up. "System RAM resource %pR cannot be added\n" This patch changes register_memory_resource() to use pr_debug() for the message as it shows up under the normal case. Signed-off-by:
Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
After a successful page migration by soft offlining, the source page is not properly freed and it's never reusable even if we unpoison it afterward. This is caused by the race between freeing page and setting PG_hwpoison. In successful soft offlining, the source page is put (and the refcount becomes 0) by putback_lru_page() in unmap_and_move(), where it's linked to pagevec and actual freeing back to buddy is delayed. So if PG_hwpoison is set for the page before freeing, the freeing does not functions as expected (in such case freeing aborts in free_pages_prepare() check.) This patch tries to make sure to free the source page before setting PG_hwpoison on it. To avoid reallocating, the page keeps MIGRATE_ISOLATE until after setting PG_hwpoison. This patch also removes obsolete comments about "keeping elevated refcount" because what they say is not true. Unlike memory_failure(), soft_offline_page() uses no special page isolation code, and the soft-offlined pages have no elevated. Signed-off-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by:
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Chen Gang authored
vwrite() checks for overflow. vread() should do the same thing. Since vwrite() checks the source buffer address, vread() should check the destination buffer address. Signed-off-by:
Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Chen Gang authored
- check the length of the procfs data before copying it into a fixed size array. - when __parse_numa_zonelist_order() fails, save the error code for return. - 'char*' --> 'char *' coding style fix Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Similar to __pagevec_lru_add, this patch removes the LRU parameter from __lru_cache_add and lru_cache_add_lru as the caller does not control the exact LRU the page gets added to. lru_cache_add_lru gets renamed to lru_cache_add the name is silly without the lru parameter. With the parameter removed, it is required that the caller indicate if they want the page added to the active or inactive list by setting or clearing PageActive respectively. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: Suggested the patch] [gang.chen@asianux.com: fix used-unintialized warning] Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Now that the LRU to add a page to is decided at LRU-add time, remove the misleading lru parameter from __pagevec_lru_add. A consequence of this is that the pagevec_lru_add_file, pagevec_lru_add_anon and similar helpers are misleading as the caller no longer has direct control over what LRU the page is added to. Unused helpers are removed by this patch and existing users of pagevec_lru_add_file() are converted to use lru_cache_add_file() directly and use the per-cpu pagevecs instead of creating their own pagevec. Signed-off-by:
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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