- 10 Jun, 2020 1 commit
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Marc Zyngier authored
Recent refactoring of the arm64 code make it awkward to have hyp_symbol_addr() in kvm_mmu.h. Instead, move it next to its main user, which is __hyp_this_cpu_ptr(). Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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- 09 Jun, 2020 4 commits
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Marc Zyngier authored
For very long, we have kept this pointer back to the per-cpu host state, despite having working per-cpu accessors at EL2 for some time now. Recent investigations have shown that this pointer is easy to abuse in preemptible context, which is a sure sign that it would better be gone. Not to mention that a per-cpu pointer is faster to access at all times. Reported-by: Andrew Scull <ascull@google.com> Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com Reviewed-by: Andrew Scull <ascull@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
Sparse complains that __hyp_this_cpu_ptr() returns something that is flagged noderef and not in the correct address space (both being the result of the __percpu annotation). Pretend that __hyp_this_cpu_ptr() knows what it is doing by forcefully casting the pointer with __kernel __force. Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
The current way we deal with PtrAuth is a bit heavy handed: - We forcefully save the host's keys on each vcpu_load() - Handling the PtrAuth trap forces us to go all the way back to the exit handling code to just set the HCR bits Overall, this is pretty cumbersome. A better approach would be to handle it the same way we deal with the FPSIMD registers: - On vcpu_load() disable PtrAuth for the guest - On first use, save the host's keys, enable PtrAuth in the guest Crucially, this can happen as a fixup, which is done very early on exit. We can then reenter the guest immediately without leaving the hypervisor role. Another thing is that it simplify the rest of the host handling: exiting all the way to the host means that the only possible outcome for this trap is to inject an UNDEF. Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
When using the PtrAuth feature in a guest, we need to save the host's keys before allowing the guest to program them. For that, we dump them in a per-CPU data structure (the so called host context). But both call sites that do this are in preemptible context, which may end up in disaster should the vcpu thread get preempted before reentering the guest. Instead, save the keys eagerly on each vcpu_load(). This has an increased overhead, but is at least safe. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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- 31 May, 2020 1 commit
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Marc Zyngier authored
On a system with FWB, we don't need to unmap Stage-2 on reboot, as even if userspace takes this opportunity to repaint the whole of memory, FWB ensures that the data side stays consistent even if the guest uses non-cacheable mappings. However, the I-side is not necessarily coherent with the D-side if CTR_EL0.DIC is 0. In this case, invalidate the i-cache to preserve coherency. Reported-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com> Fixes: 892713e9 ("KVM: arm64: Sidestep stage2_unmap_vm() on vcpu reset when S2FWB is supported") Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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- 28 May, 2020 7 commits
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Marc Zyngier authored
The general comment about keeping the enum order in sync with the save/restore code has been obsolete for many years now. Just drop it. Note that there are other ordering requirements in the enum, such as the PtrAuth and PMU registers, which are still valid. Reported-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
We currently assume that an exception is delivered to EL1, always. Once we emulate EL2, this no longer will be the case. To prepare for this, add a target_mode parameter. While we're at it, merge the computing of the target PC and PSTATE in a single function that updates both PC and CPSR after saving their previous values in the corresponding ELR/SPSR. This ensures that they are updated in the correct order (a pretty common source of bugs...). Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
Keeping empty structure as the vcpu state initializer is slightly wasteful: we only want to set pstate, and zero everything else. Just do that. Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
Our sysreg reset check has become a bit silly, as it only checks whether a reset callback actually exists for a given sysreg entry, and apply the method if available. Doing the check at each vcpu reset is pretty dumb, as the tables never change. It is thus perfectly possible to do the same checks at boot time. This also allows us to introduce a sparse sys_regs[] array, something that will be required with ARMv8.4-NV. Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
As we're about to become a bit more harsh when it comes to the lack of reset callbacks, let's add the missing PMU reset handlers. Note that these only cover *CLR registers that were always covered by their *SET counterpart, so there is no semantic change here. Reviewed-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Marc Zyngier authored
Extract the direct HW accessors for later reuse. Reviewed-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Christoffer Dall authored
If we move the used_lrs field to the version-specific cpu interface structure, the following functions only operate on the struct vgic_v3_cpu_if and not the full vcpu: __vgic_v3_save_state __vgic_v3_restore_state __vgic_v3_activate_traps __vgic_v3_deactivate_traps __vgic_v3_save_aprs __vgic_v3_restore_aprs This is going to be very useful for nested virt, so move the used_lrs field and change the prototypes and implementations of these functions to take the cpu_if parameter directly. No functional change. Reviewed-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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- 25 May, 2020 3 commits
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Andrew Scull authored
This abstraction was introduced to hide the difference between arm and arm64 but, with the former no longer supported, this abstraction can be removed and the canonical kernel API used directly instead. Signed-off-by: Andrew Scull <ascull@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> CC: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> CC: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> CC: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200519104036.259917-1-ascull@google.com
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David Brazdil authored
The comment used to say that kvm_get_hyp_vector is only called on VHE systems. In fact, it is also called from the nVHE init function cpu_init_hyp_mode(). Fix the comment to stop confusing devs. Signed-off-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200515152550.83810-1-dbrazdil@google.com
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David Brazdil authored
Pull bits of code to the only place where it is used. Remove empty function __cpu_init_stage2(). Remove redundant has_vhe() check since this function is nVHE-only. No functional changes intended. Signed-off-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200515152056.83158-1-dbrazdil@google.com
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- 16 May, 2020 14 commits
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Marc Zyngier authored
KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS always return the maximum possible number of VCPUs, irrespective of the selected interrupt controller. This is pretty misleading for userspace that selects a GICv2 on a GICv3 system that supports v2 compat: It always gets a maximum of 512 VCPUs, even if the effective limit is 8. The 9th VCPU will fail to be created, which is unexpected as far as userspace is concerned. Fortunately, we already have the right information stashed in the kvm structure, and we can return it as requested. Reported-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Tested-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200427141507.284985-1-maz@kernel.org
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Keqian Zhu authored
There is already support of enabling dirty log gradually in small chunks for x86 in commit 3c9bd400 ("KVM: x86: enable dirty log gradually in small chunks"). This adds support for arm64. x86 still writes protect all huge pages when DIRTY_LOG_INITIALLY_ALL_SET is enabled. However, for arm64, both huge pages and normal pages can be write protected gradually by userspace. Under the Huawei Kunpeng 920 2.6GHz platform, I did some tests on 128G Linux VMs with different page size. The memory pressure is 127G in each case. The time taken of memory_global_dirty_log_start in QEMU is listed below: Page Size Before After Optimization 4K 650ms 1.8ms 2M 4ms 1.8ms 1G 2ms 1.8ms Besides the time reduction, the biggest improvement is that we will minimize the performance side effect (because of dissolving huge pages and marking memslots dirty) on guest after enabling dirty log. Signed-off-by: Keqian Zhu <zhukeqian1@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200413122023.52583-1-zhukeqian1@huawei.com
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Suzuki K Poulose authored
We support mapping host memory backed by PMD transparent hugepages at stage2 as huge pages. However the checks are now spread across two different places. Let us unify the handling of the THPs to keep the code cleaner (and future proof for PUD THP support). This patch moves transparent_hugepage_adjust() closer to the caller to avoid a forward declaration for fault_supports_stage2_huge_mappings(). Also, since we already handle the case where the host VA and the guest PA may not be aligned, the explicit VM_BUG_ON() is not required. Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200507123546.1875-3-yuzenghui@huawei.com
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Suzuki K Poulose authored
If we are checking whether the stage2 can map PAGE_SIZE, we don't have to do the boundary checks as both the host VMA and the guest memslots are page aligned. Bail the case easily. While we're at it, fixup a typo in the comment below. Signed-off-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200507123546.1875-2-yuzenghui@huawei.com
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Jiang Yi authored
Do cond_resched_lock() in stage2_flush_memslot() like what is done in unmap_stage2_range() and other places holding mmu_lock while processing a possibly large range of memory. Signed-off-by: Jiang Yi <giangyi@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415084229.29992-1-giangyi@amazon.com
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Zenghui Yu authored
stage2_unmap_vm() was introduced to unmap user RAM region in the stage2 page table to make the caches coherent. E.g., a guest reboot with stage1 MMU disabled will access memory using non-cacheable attributes. If the RAM and caches are not coherent at this stage, some evicted dirty cache line may go and corrupt guest data in RAM. Since ARMv8.4, S2FWB feature is mandatory and KVM will take advantage of it to configure the stage2 page table and the attributes of memory access. So we ensure that guests always access memory using cacheable attributes and thus, the caches always be coherent. So on CPUs that support S2FWB, we can safely reset the vcpu without a heavy stage2 unmapping. Signed-off-by: Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200415072835.1164-1-yuzenghui@huawei.com
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Fuad Tabba authored
Fix spelling and typos (e.g., repeated words) in comments. Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200401140310.29701-1-tabba@google.com
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Marc Zyngier authored
By the time we start using the has_vhe() helper, we have long discovered whether we are running VHE or not. It thus makes sense to use cpus_have_final_cap() instead of cpus_have_const_cap(), which leads to a small text size reduction. Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Brazdil <dbrazdil@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200513103828.74580-1-maz@kernel.org
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Marc Zyngier authored
Now that this function isn't constrained by the 32bit PCS, let's simplify it by taking a single 64bit offset instead of two 32bit parameters. Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
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Fuad Tabba authored
Consolidate references to the CONFIG_KVM configuration item to encompass entire folders rather than per line. Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200505154520.194120-5-tabba@google.com
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Will Deacon authored
Changing CONFIG_KVM to be a 'menuconfig' entry in Kconfig mean that we can straightforwardly enumerate optional features, such as the virtual PMU device as dependent options. Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200505154520.194120-4-tabba@google.com
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Will Deacon authored
arm64 KVM supports 16k pages since 02e0b760 ("arm64: kvm: Add support for 16K pages"), so update the Kconfig help text accordingly. Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200505154520.194120-3-tabba@google.com
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Will Deacon authored
CONFIG_KVM_ARM_HOST is just a proxy for CONFIG_KVM, so remove it in favour of the latter. Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com> Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200505154520.194120-2-tabba@google.com
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Marc Zyngier authored
Now that the 32bit KVM/arm host is a distant memory, let's move the whole of the KVM/arm64 code into the arm64 tree. As they said in the song: Welcome Home (Sanitarium). Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200513104034.74741-1-maz@kernel.org
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- 10 May, 2020 7 commits
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Linus Torvalds authored
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tipLinus Torvalds authored
Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner: "A set of fixes for x86: - Ensure that direct mapping alias is always flushed when changing page attributes. The optimization for small ranges failed to do so when the virtual address was in the vmalloc or module space. - Unbreak the trace event registration for syscalls without arguments caused by the refactoring of the SYSCALL_DEFINE0() macro. - Move the printk in the TSC deadline timer code to a place where it is guaranteed to only be called once during boot and cannot be rearmed by clearing warn_once after boot. If it's invoked post boot then lockdep rightfully complains about a potential deadlock as the calling context is different. - A series of fixes for objtool and the ORC unwinder addressing variety of small issues: - Stack offset tracking for indirect CFAs in objtool ignored subsequent pushs and pops - Repair the unwind hints in the register clearing entry ASM code - Make the unwinding in the low level exit to usermode code stop after switching to the trampoline stack. The unwind hint is no longer valid and the ORC unwinder emits a warning as it can't find the registers anymore. - Fix unwind hints in switch_to_asm() and rewind_stack_do_exit() which caused objtool to generate bogus ORC data. - Prevent unwinder warnings when dumping the stack of a non-current task as there is no way to be sure about the validity because the dumped stack can be a moving target. - Make the ORC unwinder behave the same way as the frame pointer unwinder when dumping an inactive tasks stack and do not skip the first frame. - Prevent ORC unwinding before ORC data has been initialized - Immediately terminate unwinding when a unknown ORC entry type is found. - Prevent premature stop of the unwinder caused by IRET frames. - Fix another infinite loop in objtool caused by a negative offset which was not catched. - Address a few build warnings in the ORC unwinder and add missing static/ro_after_init annotations" * tag 'x86-urgent-2020-05-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/unwind/orc: Move ORC sorting variables under !CONFIG_MODULES x86/apic: Move TSC deadline timer debug printk ftrace/x86: Fix trace event registration for syscalls without arguments x86/mm/cpa: Flush direct map alias during cpa objtool: Fix infinite loop in for_offset_range() x86/unwind/orc: Fix premature unwind stoppage due to IRET frames x86/unwind/orc: Fix error path for bad ORC entry type x86/unwind/orc: Prevent unwinding before ORC initialization x86/unwind/orc: Don't skip the first frame for inactive tasks x86/unwind: Prevent false warnings for non-current tasks x86/unwind/orc: Convert global variables to static x86/entry/64: Fix unwind hints in rewind_stack_do_exit() x86/entry/64: Fix unwind hints in __switch_to_asm() x86/entry/64: Fix unwind hints in kernel exit path x86/entry/64: Fix unwind hints in register clearing code objtool: Fix stack offset tracking for indirect CFAs
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tipLinus Torvalds authored
Pull objtool fix from Thomas Gleixner: "A single fix for objtool to prevent an infinite loop in the jump table search which can be triggered when building the kernel with '-ffunction-sections'" * tag 'objtool-urgent-2020-05-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: objtool: Fix infinite loop in find_jump_table()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tipLinus Torvalds authored
Pull locking fix from Thomas Gleixner: "A single fix for the fallout of the recent futex uacess rework. With those changes GCC9 fails to analyze arch_futex_atomic_op_inuser() correctly and emits a 'maybe unitialized' warning. While we usually ignore compiler stupidity the conditional store is pointless anyway because the correct case has to store. For the fault case the extra store does no harm" * tag 'locking-urgent-2020-05-10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: ARM: futex: Address build warning
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommuLinus Torvalds authored
Pull iommu fixes from Joerg Roedel: - Race condition fixes for the AMD IOMMU driver. These are five patches fixing two race conditions around increase_address_space(). The first race condition was around the non-atomic update of the domain page-table root pointer and the variable containing the page-table depth (called mode). This is fixed now be merging page-table root and mode into one 64-bit field which is read/written atomically. The second race condition was around updating the page-table root pointer and making it public before the hardware caches were flushed. This could cause addresses to be mapped and returned to drivers which are not reachable by IOMMU hardware yet, causing IO page-faults. This is fixed too by adding the necessary flushes before a new page-table root is published. Related to the race condition fixes these patches also add a missing domain_flush_complete() barrier to update_domain() and a fix to bail out of the loop which tries to increase the address space when the call to increase_address_space() fails. Qian was able to trigger the race conditions under high load and memory pressure within a few days of testing. He confirmed that he has seen no issues anymore with the fixes included here. - Fix for a list-handling bug in the VirtIO IOMMU driver. * tag 'iommu-fixes-v5.7-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommu: iommu/virtio: Reverse arguments to list_add iommu/amd: Do not flush Device Table in iommu_map_page() iommu/amd: Update Device Table in increase_address_space() iommu/amd: Call domain_flush_complete() in update_domain() iommu/amd: Do not loop forever when trying to increase address space iommu/amd: Fix race in increase_address_space()/fetch_pte()
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git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds authored
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe: - a small series fixing a use-after-free of bdi name (Christoph,Yufen) - NVMe fix for a regression with the smaller CQ update (Alexey) - NVMe fix for a hang at namespace scanning error recovery (Sagi) - fix race with blk-iocost iocg->abs_vdebt updates (Tejun) * tag 'block-5.7-2020-05-09' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: nvme: fix possible hang when ns scanning fails during error recovery nvme-pci: fix "slimmer CQ head update" bdi: add a ->dev_name field to struct backing_dev_info bdi: use bdi_dev_name() to get device name bdi: move bdi_dev_name out of line vboxsf: don't use the source name in the bdi name iocost: protect iocg->abs_vdebt with iocg->waitq.lock
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Linus Torvalds authored
It seems that for whatever reason, gcc-10 ends up not inlining a couple of functions that used to be inlined before. Even if they only have one single callsite - it looks like gcc may have decided that the code was unlikely, and not worth inlining. The code generation difference is harmless, but caused a few new section mismatch errors, since the (now no longer inlined) function wasn't in the __init section, but called other init functions: Section mismatch in reference from the function kexec_free_initrd() to the function .init.text:free_initrd_mem() Section mismatch in reference from the function tpm2_calc_event_log_size() to the function .init.text:early_memremap() Section mismatch in reference from the function tpm2_calc_event_log_size() to the function .init.text:early_memunmap() So add the appropriate __init annotation to make modpost not complain. In both cases there were trivially just a single callsite from another __init function. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 09 May, 2020 3 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull RISC-V fixes from Palmer Dabbelt: "A smattering of fixes and cleanups: - Dead code removal. - Exporting riscv_cpuid_to_hartid_mask for modules. - Per-CPU tracking of ISA features. - Setting max_pfn correctly when probing memory. - Adding a note to the VDSO so glibc can check the kernel's version without a uname(). - A fix to force the bootloader to initialize the boot spin tables, which still get used as a fallback when SBI-0.1 is enabled" * tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.7-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: RISC-V: Remove unused code from STRICT_KERNEL_RWX riscv: force __cpu_up_ variables to put in data section riscv: add Linux note to vdso riscv: set max_pfn to the PFN of the last page RISC-V: Remove N-extension related defines RISC-V: Add bitmap reprensenting ISA features common across CPUs RISC-V: Export riscv_cpuid_to_hartid_mask() API
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Linus Torvalds authored
gcc-10 has started warning about conflicting types for a few new built-in functions, particularly 'free()'. This results in warnings like: crypto/xts.c:325:13: warning: conflicting types for built-in function ‘free’; expected ‘void(void *)’ [-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch] because the crypto layer had its local freeing functions called 'free()'. Gcc-10 is in the wrong here, since that function is marked 'static', and thus there is no chance of confusion with any standard library function namespace. But the simplest thing to do is to just use a different name here, and avoid this gcc mis-feature. [ Side note: gcc knowing about 'free()' is in itself not the mis-feature: the semantics of 'free()' are special enough that a compiler can validly do special things when seeing it. So the mis-feature here is that gcc thinks that 'free()' is some restricted name, and you can't shadow it as a local static function. Making the special 'free()' semantics be a function attribute rather than tied to the name would be the much better model ] Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Linus Torvalds authored
gcc-10 now warns about passing aliasing pointers to functions that take restricted pointers. That's actually a great warning, and if we ever start using 'restrict' in the kernel, it might be quite useful. But right now we don't, and it turns out that the only thing this warns about is an idiom where we have declared a few functions to be "printf-like" (which seems to make gcc pick up the restricted pointer thing), and then we print to the same buffer that we also use as an input. And people do that as an odd concatenation pattern, with code like this: #define sysfs_show_gen_prop(buffer, fmt, ...) \ snprintf(buffer, PAGE_SIZE, "%s"fmt, buffer, __VA_ARGS__) where we have 'buffer' as both the destination of the final result, and as the initial argument. Yes, it's a bit questionable. And outside of the kernel, people do have standard declarations like int snprintf( char *restrict buffer, size_t bufsz, const char *restrict format, ... ); where that output buffer is marked as a restrict pointer that cannot alias with any other arguments. But in the context of the kernel, that 'use snprintf() to concatenate to the end result' does work, and the pattern shows up in multiple places. And we have not marked our own version of snprintf() as taking restrict pointers, so the warning is incorrect for now, and gcc picks it up on its own. If we do start using 'restrict' in the kernel (and it might be a good idea if people find places where it matters), we'll need to figure out how to avoid this issue for snprintf and friends. But in the meantime, this warning is not useful. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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