There are a number of cases where conversions to devm_* API have been
done but developers forgot that this conversion may imply that return
values need to be checked for failure of internal resource handling
like allocation. While this should be clear, it does seem to be a
relatively common issue with API conversions or maybe "managed" is
being misunderstood ? So add a note to make the scope of "managed" clear.
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <hofrat@osadl.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Translated documents:
- 2.Process
- 3.Early-stage
- 4.Coding
- 5.Posting
- 6.Followthrough
- 7.AdvancedTopics
- 8.Conclusion
- adding-syscalls
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

- fix broken links and some
- fix some grammar errors
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This allows the document to be integrated with the main documentation
tree.
Changes include:
- rename from .md to .rst
- use `` for code, not single `
- use correct sub-section marking
- fix indented blocks, both code and non-code
- fix external-link markup
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
[jc: changed the toctree organization a bit]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Extend index.rst index file at admin-guide root directory with
the reference to perf-security.rst file being introduced.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Implement initial version of perf-security.rst documentation file
covering security concerns of perf_event_paranoid settings.
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The kernel-doc attempts to clear the struct and struct member attributes
from the API documentation it produces. It falls short of the job in the
following respects:

- extra whitespaces are left where __attribute__((...)) was removed,

- only a single attribute is removed per struct,

- attributes (such as aligned) containing numbers were not removed,

- attributes are only cleared from struct fields, not structs themselves.

This patch addresses these issues by removing the attributes.
Signed-off-by: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fixes a spelling error and removes an extra whitespace character.
Signed-off-by: Shreyans Devendra Doshi <0xinfosect0r@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The documentation for gen_init_cpio mentions to invoke the tool with
'--help' flag for showing directive file format information. However,
only the short name variant '-h' is implemented. Invoking the tool with
the long name returns invalid option message and sets an error code.
Signed-off-by: Andrzej Bednarski <andrzej.bednarski@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

State explicitly that holding a /proc/pid file descriptor open does
not reserve the PID. Also note that in the event of PID reuse, these
open file descriptors refer to the old, now-dead process, and not the
new one that happens to be named the same numeric PID.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Since this document was written, i_mutex has been replace with
i_rwsem, and shared locks are utilized to allow lookups in the one
directory to happen in parallel.

So replace i_mutex with i_rwsem, and explain how this is used for
parallel lookups.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Whilst making an unrelated change to some Documentation, Linus sayeth:

  | Afaik, even in Britain, "whilst" is unusual and considered more
  | formal, and "while" is the common word.
  |
  | [...]
  |
  | Can we just admit that we work with computers, and we don't need to
  | use þe eald Englisc spelling of words that most of the world never
  | uses?

dictionary.com refers to the word as "Chiefly British", which is
probably an undesirable attribute for technical documentation.

Replace all occurrences under Documentation/ with "while".

Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Liam Girdwood <lgirdwood@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

It's not the first time I've got a private email in regard to
dmatest.c module.

Motivate people, by adding a note, to send their questions
to the mailing list instead
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

jc: fixed conflict with willy's memory-allocation tag patch.

Add references to GFP documentation and the memory-allocation.rst and remove
GFP_USER, GFP_DMA and GFP_NOIO descriptions.

While on it slightly change the formatting so that the list of GFP flags
will be rendered as "description" in the generated html.
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

I just went looking for the memory allocation guide in the MM docs instead
of in the core API.  For the benefit of the next person who makes that
mistake, link to it from the MM docs.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Replicate the following patch into italian translation

1bb37a35  doc-guide:kernel-doc.rst: Reference to foobar
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This title was still in English. I just translated it
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This patch does not translate entirely the subfolder "process/"
but only part of it (to begin with).

In order to avoid broken links, I included empty documents
for those which are not yet translated.

In order to be able to refer to all documents in "process/",
I added a sphinx label to those which had not one.

Translated documents:
- howto
- 1.Intro
- clang-format
- coding-style
- kernel-driver-statement
- magic-number
- volatile-considered-harmful
- development-process
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Alessia Mantegazza <amantegazza@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Trivial fixes to spelling mistakes in ftrace.rst

v2: tripple -> triple
Signed-off-by: Amir Livneh <alivneh@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

This is a small cleanup to kselftest.rst:

- Fix some language typos in the usage instructions.
- Change one non-ASCII space to an ASCII space.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Currently, function parameter description can match '@type.member'
expressions but fails to match '@type->member'.
Extend the $type_param regex to allow matching both
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

In the Function documentation Section of kernel-doc.rst
there is a function_name() function as an example for
how to make a comment about a function.

But at the end of that example there is a reference to foobar
instead of function_name.

I think that should rather be function_name, because that
was the placeholder the whole example was using.
Signed-off-by: Joris Gutjahr <joris.gutjahr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Trivial fix to a spelling mistake of the error access name EACCESS,
rename to EACCES
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

It was found that two of the fields in the /proc/<pid>/status file were
missing - CapAmb & Speculation_Store_Bypass. They are now added to the
proc.txt documentation file.

v2: Update the example as well.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fix grammar about wildcards and insert a space between sentences.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Will Korteland <will@korte.land>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Fix a few "typos" in dynamic-debug-howto.rst.

s/dyndbg_query/ddebug_query/
s/sysfs/debugfs/
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The previous version made it necessary to first generate an
EDID data set without correct CRC and then to fix the CRC in
a second step. This patch adds the CRC calculation to the
makefile in such a way that a correct EDID data set is generated
in a single build step. Successfully tested with all existing
and a couple of new data sets.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Niedermaier <cniedermaier@dh-electronics.de>
Reviewed-by: Carsten Emde <C.Emde@osadl.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

The problem was found when EDID data sets for displays other
than the provided samples were generated. The patch has
no effect on the provided samples that still match the data
used in drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid_load.c.

The provided samples use small values for XOFFSET, XPULSE,
YOFFSET and YPULSE, where the error doesn't occur. This fix
corrects the use of that values in case of high values, because
the most significant bits were treated incorrectly.

So in edid.S msbs4 should use bit 8 and 9 of XOFFSET and XPULS.
For YOFFSET and YPULSE msbs4 should use bit 4 and 5.

lsbs2 was introduced for a better overview, without
functional change.

Removing also the useless value 63 of all files, because
it is added in the *.S description files and then it is
subtracted in edid.S.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Niedermaier <cniedermaier@dh-electronics.de>
Reviewed-by: Carsten Emde <C.Emde@osadl.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

Pull UBIFS updates from Richard Weinberger:

 - Full filesystem authentication feature, UBIFS is now able to have the
   whole filesystem structure authenticated plus user data encrypted and
   authenticated.

 - Minor cleanups

* tag 'tags/upstream-4.20-rc1' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs: (26 commits)
  ubifs: Remove unneeded semicolon
  Documentation: ubifs: Add authentication whitepaper
  ubifs: Enable authentication support
  ubifs: Do not update inode size in-place in authenticated mode
  ubifs: Add hashes and HMACs to default filesystem
  ubifs: authentication: Authenticate super block node
  ubifs: Create hash for default LPT
  ubfis: authentication: Authenticate master node
  ubifs: authentication: Authenticate LPT
  ubifs: Authenticate replayed journal
  ubifs: Add auth nodes to garbage collector journal head
  ubifs: Add authentication nodes to journal
  ubifs: authentication: Add hashes to index nodes
  ubifs: Add hashes to the tree node cache
  ubifs: Create functions to embed a HMAC in a node
  ubifs: Add helper functions for authentication support
  ubifs: Add separate functions to init/crc a node
  ubifs: Format changes for authentication support
  ubifs: Store read superblock node
  ubifs: Drop write_node
  ...

Pull NFS client bugfixes from Trond Myklebust:
 "Highlights include:

  Bugfix:
   - Fix build issues on architectures that don't provide 64-bit cmpxchg

  Cleanups:
   - Fix a spelling mistake"

* tag 'nfs-for-4.20-2' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs:
  NFS: fix spelling mistake, EACCESS -> EACCES
  SUNRPC: Use atomic(64)_t for seq_send(64)

Pull more timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A set of commits for the new C-SKY architecture timers"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  dt-bindings: timer: gx6605s SOC timer
  clocksource/drivers/c-sky: Add gx6605s SOC system timer
  dt-bindings: timer: C-SKY Multi-processor timer
  clocksource/drivers/c-sky: Add C-SKY SMP timer

Pull NTB updates from Jon Mason:
 "Fairly minor changes and bug fixes:

  NTB IDT thermal changes and hook into hwmon, ntb_netdev clean-up of
  private struct, and a few bug fixes"

* tag 'ntb-4.20' of git://github.com/jonmason/ntb:
  ntb: idt: Alter the driver info comments
  ntb: idt: Discard temperature sensor IRQ handler
  ntb: idt: Add basic hwmon sysfs interface
  ntb: idt: Alter temperature read method
  ntb_netdev: Simplify remove with client device drvdata
  NTB: transport: Try harder to alloc an aligned MW buffer
  ntb: ntb_transport: Mark expected switch fall-throughs
  ntb: idt: Set PCIe bus address to BARLIMITx
  NTB: ntb_hw_idt: replace IS_ERR_OR_NULL with regular NULL checks
  ntb: intel: fix return value for ndev_vec_mask()
  ntb_netdev: fix sleep time mismatch

Pull scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "A memory (under-)allocation fix and a comment fix"

* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  sched/topology: Fix off by one bug
  sched/rt: Update comment in pick_next_task_rt()

Pull x86 fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "A number of fixes and some late updates:

   - make in_compat_syscall() behavior on x86-32 similar to other
     platforms, this touches a number of generic files but is not
     intended to impact non-x86 platforms.

   - objtool fixes

   - PAT preemption fix

   - paravirt fixes/cleanups

   - cpufeatures updates for new instructions

   - earlyprintk quirk

   - make microcode version in sysfs world-readable (it is already
     world-readable in procfs)

   - minor cleanups and fixes"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  compat: Cleanup in_compat_syscall() callers
  x86/compat: Adjust in_compat_syscall() to generic code under !COMPAT
  objtool: Support GCC 9 cold subfunction naming scheme
  x86/numa_emulation: Fix uniform-split numa emulation
  x86/paravirt: Remove unused _paravirt_ident_32
  x86/mm/pat: Disable preemption around __flush_tlb_all()
  x86/paravirt: Remove GPL from pv_ops export
  x86/traps: Use format string with panic() call
  x86: Clean up 'sizeof x' => 'sizeof(x)'
  x86/cpufeatures: Enumerate MOVDIR64B instruction
  x86/cpufeatures: Enumerate MOVDIRI instruction
  x86/earlyprintk: Add a force option for pciserial device
  objtool: Support per-function rodata sections
  x86/microcode: Make revision and processor flags world-readable

Pull perf updates and fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "These are almost all tooling updates: 'perf top', 'perf trace' and
  'perf script' fixes and updates, an UAPI header sync with the merge
  window versions, license marker updates, much improved Sparc support
  from David Miller, and a number of fixes"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (66 commits)
  perf intel-pt/bts: Calculate cpumode for synthesized samples
  perf intel-pt: Insert callchain context into synthesized callchains
  perf tools: Don't clone maps from parent when synthesizing forks
  perf top: Start display thread earlier
  tools headers uapi: Update linux/if_link.h header copy
  tools headers uapi: Update linux/netlink.h header copy
  tools headers: Sync the various kvm.h header copies
  tools include uapi: Update linux/mmap.h copy
  perf trace beauty: Use the mmap flags table generated from headers
  perf beauty: Wire up the mmap flags table generator to the Makefile
  perf beauty: Add a generator for MAP_ mmap's flag constants
  tools include uapi: Update asound.h copy
  tools arch uapi: Update asm-generic/unistd.h and arm64 unistd.h copies
  tools include uapi: Update linux/fs.h copy
  perf callchain: Honour the ordering of PERF_CONTEXT_{USER,KERNEL,etc}
  perf cs-etm: Correct CPU mode for samples
  perf unwind: Take pgoff into account when reporting elf to libdwfl
  perf top: Do not use overwrite mode by default
  perf top: Allow disabling the overwrite mode
  perf trace: Beautify mount's first pathname arg
  ...