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- 23 Mar, 2020 1 commit
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Alexander Gordeev authored
Show CPU physical address as reported by STAP instruction Signed-off-by:
Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by:
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
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- 10 Mar, 2020 1 commit
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Sven Schnelle authored
When userspace executes a syscall or gets interrupted, BEAR contains a kernel address when returning to userspace. This make it pretty easy to figure out where the kernel is mapped even with KASLR enabled. To fix this, add lpswe to lowcore and always execute it there, so userspace sees only the lowcore address of lpswe. For this we have to extend both critical_cleanup and the SWITCH_ASYNC macro to also check for lpswe addresses in lowcore. Fixes: b2d24b97 ("s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.2+ Reviewed-by:
Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 11 Dec, 2019 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
diag 0x44 is a voluntary undirected yield of a virtual CPU. This has caused a lot of performance issues in the past. There is only one caller left, and that one is only executed if diag 0x9c (directed yield) is not present. Given that all hypervisors implement diag 0x9c anyway, remove the last diag 0x44 to avoid that more callers will be added. Worst case that could happen now, if diag 0x9c is not present, is that a virtual CPU would loop a bit instead of giving its time slice up. diag 0x44 statistics in debugfs are kept and will always be zero, so that user space can tell that there are no calls. Signed-off-by:
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- 30 Nov, 2019 2 commits
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Vasily Gorbik authored
CALL_ON_STACK is intended to be used for temporary stack switching with potential return to the caller. When CALL_ON_STACK is misused to switch from nodat stack to task stack back_chain information would later lead stack unwinder from task stack into (per cpu) nodat stack which is reused for other purposes. This would yield confusing unwinding result or errors. To avoid that introduce CALL_ON_STACK_NORETURN to be used instead. It makes sure that back_chain is zeroed and unwinder finishes gracefully ending up at task pt_regs. Reviewed-by:
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Heiko Carstens authored
When a secondary CPU is brought up it must initialize its control registers. CPU A which triggers that a secondary CPU B is brought up stores its control register contents into the lowcore of new CPU B, which then loads these values on startup. This is problematic in various ways: the control register which contains the home space ASCE will correctly contain the kernel ASCE; however control registers for primary and secondary ASCEs are initialized with whatever values were present in CPU A. Typically: - the primary ASCE will contain the user process ASCE of the process that triggered onlining of CPU B. - the secondary ASCE will contain the percpu VDSO ASCE of CPU A. Due to lazy ASCE handling we may also end up with other combinations. When then CPU B switches to a different process (!= idle) it will fixup the primary ASCE. However the problem is that the (wrong) ASCE from CPU A was loaded into control register 1: as soon as an ASCE is attached (aka loaded) a CPU is free to generate TLB entries using that address space. Even though it is very unlikey that CPU B will actually generate such entries, this could result in TLB entries of the address space of the process that ran on CPU A. These entries shouldn't exist at all and could cause problems later on. Furthermore the secondary ASCE of CPU B will not be updated correctly. This means that processes may see wrong results or even crash if they access VDSO data on CPU B. The correct VDSO ASCE will eventually be loaded on return to user space as soon as the kernel executed a call to strnlen_user or an atomic futex operation on CPU B. Fix both issues by intializing the to be loaded control register contents with the correct ASCEs and also enforce (re-)loading of the ASCEs upon first context switch and return to user space. Fixes: 0aaba41b ("s390: remove all code using the access register mode") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.15+ Signed-off-by:
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- 20 Nov, 2019 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
If an SMT capable system is not IPL'ed from the first CPU the setup of the physical to logical CPU mapping is broken: the IPL core gets CPU number 0, but then the next core gets CPU number 1. Correct would be that all SMT threads of CPU 0 get the subsequent logical CPU numbers. This is important since a lot of code (like e.g. the CPU topology code) assumes that CPU maps are setup like this. If the mapping is broken the system will not IPL due to broken topology masks: [ 1.716341] BUG: arch topology broken [ 1.716342] the SMT domain not a subset of the MC domain [ 1.716343] BUG: arch topology broken [ 1.716344] the MC domain not a subset of the BOOK domain This scenario can usually not happen since LPARs are always IPL'ed from CPU 0 and also re-IPL is intiated from CPU 0. However older kernels did initiate re-IPL on an arbitrary CPU. If therefore a re-IPL from an old kernel into a new kernel is initiated this may lead to crash. Fix this by setting up the physical to logical CPU mapping correctly. Signed-off-by:
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- 15 Jun, 2019 1 commit
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
The stop_machine loop to advance the state machine and to wait for all affected CPUs to check-in calls cpu_relax_yield in a tight loop until the last missing CPUs acknowledged the state transition. On a virtual system where not all logical CPUs are backed by real CPUs all the time it can take a while for all CPUs to check-in. With the current definition of cpu_relax_yield a diagnose 0x44 is done which tells the hypervisor to schedule *some* other CPU. That can be any CPU and not necessarily one of the CPUs that need to run in order to advance the state machine. This can lead to a pretty bad diagnose 0x44 storm until the last missing CPU finally checked-in. Replace the undirected cpu_relax_yield based on diagnose 0x44 with a directed yield. Each CPU in the wait loop will pick up the next CPU in the cpumask of stop_machine. The diagnose 0x9c is used to tell the hypervisor to run this next CPU instead of the current one. If there is only a limited number of real CPUs backing the virtual CPUs we end up with the real CPUs passed around in a round-robin fashion. [heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com]: Use cpumask_next_wrap as suggested by Peter Zijlstra. Signed-off-by:Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Acked-by:
Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by:
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by:
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- 07 Jun, 2019 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
x86 and powerpc (partially) enforce already CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU. On s390 it is enabled on all distributions by default since ages. The only exception is our zfcpdump kernel. However to simplify testing, enforce HOTPLUG_CPU. This was suggested by Paul McKenney, since his rcutorture test environments for CONFIG_SMP=y only support HOTPLUG_CPU=y. Suggested-by:
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by:
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 02 May, 2019 1 commit
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
Rework the dump_trace() stack unwinder interface to support different unwinding algorithms. The new interface looks like this: struct unwind_state state; unwind_for_each_frame(&state, task, regs, start_stack) do_something(state.sp, state.ip, state.reliable); The unwind_bc.c file contains the implementation for the classic back-chain unwinder. One positive side effect of the new code is it now handles ftraced functions gracefully. It prints the real name of the return function instead of 'return_to_handler'. Signed-off-by:
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- 29 Apr, 2019 1 commit
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Gerald Schaefer authored
With a relocatable kernel that could reside at any place in memory, code and data that has to stay below 2 GB needs special handling. This patch introduces .dma sections for such text, data and ex_table. The sections will be part of the decompressor kernel, so they will not be relocated and stay below 2 GB. Their location is passed over to the decompressed / relocated kernel via the .boot.preserved.data section. The duald and aste for control register setup also need to stay below 2 GB, so move the setup code from arch/s390/kernel/head64.S to arch/s390/boot/head.S. The duct and linkage_stack could reside above 2 GB, but their content has to be preserved for the decompresed kernel, so they are also moved into the .dma section. The start and end address of the .dma sections is added to vmcoreinfo, for crash support, to help debugging in case the kernel crashed there. Signed-off-by:
Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 12 Mar, 2019 2 commits
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Mike Rapoport authored
Add check for the return value of memblock_alloc*() functions and call panic() in case of error. The panic message repeats the one used by panicing memblock allocators with adjustment of parameters to include only relevant ones. The replacement was mostly automated with semantic patches like the one below with manual massaging of format strings. @@ expression ptr, size, align; @@ ptr = memblock_alloc(size, align); + if (!ptr) + panic("%s: Failed to allocate %lu bytes align=0x%lx\n", __func__, size, align); [anders.roxell@linaro.org: use '%pa' with 'phys_addr_t' type] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190131161046.21886-1-anders.roxell@linaro.org [rppt@linux.ibm.com: fix format strings for panics after memblock_alloc] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1548950940-15145-1-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.com [rppt@linux.ibm.com: don't panic if the allocation in sparse_buffer_init fails] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190131074018.GD28876@rapoport-lnx [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix xtensa printk warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1548057848-15136-20-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.comSigned-off-by:Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Guo Ren <ren_guo@c-sky.com> [c-sky] Acked-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> [MIPS] Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> [s390] Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> [Xen] Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> [m68k] Acked-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> [xtensa] Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org> Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn> Cc: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org> Cc: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mike Rapoport authored
The memblock_alloc_base() function tries to allocate a memory up to the limit specified by its max_addr parameter and panics if the allocation fails. Replace its usage with memblock_phys_alloc_range() and make the callers check the return value and panic in case of error. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1548057848-15136-10-git-send-email-rppt@linux.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
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- 06 Mar, 2019 1 commit
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
To be able to judge the current overcommitment ratio for a CPU add a lowcore field with the exponential moving average of the steal time. The average is updated every tick. Signed-off-by:
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- 11 Jan, 2019 2 commits
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David Hildenbrand authored
When calling smp_call_ipl_cpu() from the IPL CPU, we will try to read from pcpu_devices->lowcore. However, due to prefixing, that will result in reading from absolute address 0 on that CPU. We have to go via the actual lowcore instead. This means that right now, we will read lc->nodat_stack == 0 and therfore work on a very wrong stack. This BUG essentially broke rebooting under QEMU TCG (which will report a low address protection exception). And checking under KVM, it is also broken under KVM. With 1 VCPU it can be easily triggered. :/# echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq :/# echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger [ 28.476745] sysrq: SysRq : Resetting [ 28.476793] Kernel stack overflow. [ 28.476817] CPU: 0 PID: 424 Comm: sh Not tainted 5.0.0-rc1+ #13 [ 28.476820] Hardware name: IBM 2964 NE1 716 (KVM/Linux) [ 28.476826] Krnl PSW : 0400c00180000000 0000000000115c0c (pcpu_delegate+0x12c/0x140) [ 28.476861] R:0 T:1 IO:0 EX:0 Key:0 M:0 W:0 P:0 AS:3 CC:0 PM:0 RI:0 EA:3 [ 28.476863] Krnl GPRS: ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000000 000000000010dff8 0000000000000000 [ 28.476864] 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000ab7090 000003e0006efbf0 [ 28.476864] 000000000010dff8 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 28.476865] 000000007fffc000 0000000000730408 000003e0006efc58 0000000000000000 [ 28.476887] Krnl Code: 0000000000115bfe: 4170f000 la %r7,0(%r15) [ 28.476887] 0000000000115c02: 41f0a000 la %r15,0(%r10) [ 28.476887] #0000000000115c06: e370f0980024 stg %r7,152(%r15) [ 28.476887] >0000000000115c0c: c0e5fffff86e brasl %r14,114ce8 [ 28.476887] 0000000000115c12: 41f07000 la %r15,0(%r7) [ 28.476887] 0000000000115c16: a7f4ffa8 brc 15,115b66 [ 28.476887] 0000000000115c1a: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 [ 28.476887] 0000000000115c1c: 0707 bcr 0,%r7 [ 28.476901] Call Trace: [ 28.476902] Last Breaking-Event-Address: [ 28.476920] [<0000000000a01c4a>] arch_call_rest_init+0x22/0x80 [ 28.476927] Kernel panic - not syncing: Corrupt kernel stack, can't continue. [ 28.476930] CPU: 0 PID: 424 Comm: sh Not tainted 5.0.0-rc1+ #13 [ 28.476932] Hardware name: IBM 2964 NE1 716 (KVM/Linux) [ 28.476932] Call Trace: Fixes: 2f859d0d ("s390/smp: reduce size of struct pcpu") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.0+ Reported-by:
Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Gerald Schaefer authored
smp_rescan_cpus() is called without the device_hotplug_lock, which can lead to a dedlock when a new CPU is found and immediately set online by a udev rule. This was observed on an older kernel version, where the cpu_hotplug_begin() loop was still present, and it resulted in hanging chcpu and systemd-udev processes. This specific deadlock will not show on current kernels. However, there may be other possible deadlocks, and since smp_rescan_cpus() can still trigger a CPU hotplug operation, the device_hotplug_lock should be held. For reference, this was the deadlock with the old cpu_hotplug_begin() loop: chcpu (rescan) systemd-udevd echo 1 > /sys/../rescan -> smp_rescan_cpus() -> (*) get_online_cpus() (increases refcount) -> smp_add_present_cpu() (new CPU found) -> register_cpu() -> device_add() -> udev "add" event triggered -----------> udev rule sets CPU online -> echo 1 > /sys/.../online -> lock_device_hotplug_sysfs() (this is missing in rescan path) -> device_online() -> (**) device_lock(new CPU dev) -> cpu_up() -> cpu_hotplug_begin() (loops until refcount == 0) -> deadlock with (*) -> bus_probe_device() -> device_attach() -> device_lock(new CPU dev) -> deadlock with (**) Fix this by taking the device_hotplug_lock in the CPU rescan path. Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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- 31 Oct, 2018 2 commits
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Mike Rapoport authored
Move remaining definitions and declarations from include/linux/bootmem.h into include/linux/memblock.h and remove the redundant header. The includes were replaced with the semantic patch below and then semi-automated removal of duplicated '#include <linux/memblock.h> @@ @@ - #include <linux/bootmem.h> + #include <linux/memblock.h> [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: dma-direct: fix up for the removal of linux/bootmem.h] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181002185342.133d1680@canb.auug.org.au [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: powerpc: fix up for removal of linux/bootmem.h] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181005161406.73ef8727@canb.auug.org.au [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: x86/kaslr, ACPI/NUMA: fix for linux/bootmem.h removal] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181008190341.5e396491@canb.auug.org.au Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536927045-23536-30-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by:
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Mike Rapoport authored
The conversion is done using sed -i 's@memblock_virt_alloc@memblock_alloc@g' \ $(git grep -l memblock_virt_alloc) Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536927045-23536-8-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by:
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- 09 Oct, 2018 4 commits
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Vasily Gorbik authored
Some functions from both arch/s390/kernel/ipl.c and arch/s390/kernel/machine_kexec.c are called without DAT enabled (or with and without DAT enabled code paths). There is no easy way to partially disable kasan for those files without a substantial rework. Disable kasan for both files for now. To avoid disabling kasan for arch/s390/kernel/diag.c DAT flag is enabled in diag308 call. pcpu_delegate which disables DAT is marked with __no_sanitize_address to disable instrumentation for that one function. Signed-off-by:
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Vasily Gorbik authored
smp_start_secondary function is called without DAT enabled. To avoid disabling kasan instrumentation for entire arch/s390/kernel/smp.c smp_start_secondary has been split in 2 parts. smp_start_secondary has instrumentation disabled, it does minimal setup and enables DAT. Then instrumentated __smp_start_secondary is called to do the rest. __load_psw_mask function instrumentation has been disabled as well to be able to call it from smp_start_secondary. Reviewed-by:
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Vasily Gorbik authored
Remove STACK_ORDER and STACK_SIZE in favour of identical THREAD_SIZE_ORDER and THREAD_SIZE definitions. THREAD_SIZE and THREAD_SIZE_ORDER naming is misleading since it is used as general kernel stack size information. But both those definitions are used in the common code and throughout architectures specific code, so changing the naming is problematic. Reviewed-by:
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
With virtually mapped kernel stacks the kernel stack overflow detection is now fault based, every stack has a guard page in the vmalloc space. The panic_stack is renamed to nodat_stack and is used for all function that need to run without DAT, e.g. memcpy_real or do_start_kdump. The main effect is a reduction in the kernel image size as with vmap stacks the old style overflow checking that adds two instructions per function is not needed anymore. Result from bloat-o-meter: add/remove: 20/1 grow/shrink: 13/26854 up/down: 2198/-216240 (-214042) In regard to performance the micro-benchmark for fork has a hit of a few microseconds, allocating 4 pages in vmalloc space is more expensive compare to an order-2 page allocation. But with real workload I could not find a noticeable difference. Acked-by:
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- 06 Apr, 2018 1 commit
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Randy Dunlap authored
Currently <linux/slab.h> #includes <linux/kmemleak.h> for no obvious reason. It looks like it's only a convenience, so remove kmemleak.h from slab.h and add <linux/kmemleak.h> to any users of kmemleak_* that don't already #include it. Also remove <linux/kmemleak.h> from source files that do not use it. This is tested on i386 allmodconfig and x86_64 allmodconfig. It would be good to run it through the 0day bot for other $ARCHes. I have neither the horsepower nor the storage space for the other $ARCHes. Update: This patch has been extensively build-tested by both the 0day bot & kisskb/ozlabs build farms. Both of them reported 2 build failures for which patches are included here (in v2). [ slab.h is the second most used header file after module.h; kernel.h is right there with slab.h. There could be some minor error in the counting due to some #includes having comments after them and I didn't combine all of those. ] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: security/keys/big_key.c needs vmalloc.h, per sfr] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e4309f98-3749-93e1-4bb7-d9501a39d015@infradead.org Link: http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/head/13396/Signed-off-by:
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Reviewed-by:
Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> [2 build failures] Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> [2 build failures] Reviewed-by:
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- 07 Feb, 2018 1 commit
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
Add CONFIG_EXPOLINE to enable the use of the new -mindirect-branch= and -mfunction_return= compiler options to create a kernel fortified against the specte v2 attack. With CONFIG_EXPOLINE=y all indirect branches will be issued with an execute type instruction. For z10 or newer the EXRL instruction will be used, for older machines the EX instruction. The typical indirect call basr %r14,%r1 is replaced with a PC relative call to a new thunk brasl %r14,__s390x_indirect_jump_r1 The thunk contains the EXRL/EX instruction to the indirect branch __s390x_indirect_jump_r1: exrl 0,0f j . 0: br %r1 The detour via the execute type instruction has a performance impact. To get rid of the detour the new kernel parameter "nospectre_v2" and "spectre_v2=[on,off,auto]" can be used. If the parameter is specified the kernel and module code will be patched at runtime. Signed-off-by:
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- 05 Feb, 2018 2 commits
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
Add the PPA instruction to the system entry and exit path to switch the kernel to a different branch prediction behaviour. The instructions are added via CPU alternatives and can be disabled with the "nospec" or the "nobp=0" kernel parameter. If the default behaviour selected with CONFIG_KERNEL_NOBP is set to "n" then the "nobp=1" parameter can be used to enable the changed kernel branch prediction. Acked-by:
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
To be able to switch off specific CPU alternatives with kernel parameters make a copy of the facility bit mask provided by STFLE and use the copy for the decision to apply an alternative. Reviewed-by:
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- 09 Jan, 2018 1 commit
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Joe Perches authored
Convert DEVICE_ATTR uses to DEVICE_ATTR_WO where possible. Done with perl script: $ git grep -w --name-only DEVICE_ATTR | \ xargs perl -i -e 'local $/; while (<>) { s/\bDEVICE_ATTR\s*\(\s*(\w+)\s*,\s*\(?(?:\s*S_IWUSR\s*|\s*0200\s*)\)?\s*,\s*NULL\s*,\s*\s_store\s*\)/DEVICE_ATTR_WO(\1)/g; print;}' Signed-off-by:Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by:
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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- 20 Nov, 2017 1 commit
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Thomas Richter authored
Commit 1887aa07 ("s390/topology: add detection of dedicated vs shared CPUs") introduced following compiler error when CONFIG_SCHED_TOPOLOGY is not set. CC arch/s390/kernel/smp.o ... arch/s390/kernel/smp.c: In function ‘smp_start_secondary’: arch/s390/kernel/smp.c:812:6: error: implicit declaration of function ‘topology_cpu_dedicated’; did you mean ‘topology_cpu_init’? This patch fixes the compiler error by adding function topology_cpu_dedicated() to return false when this config option is not defined. Signed-off-by:
Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by:
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- 02 Nov, 2017 1 commit
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by:
Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by:
Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by:
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- 19 Oct, 2017 2 commits
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
The machine check extended save area is needed to store the vector registers and the guarded storage control block when a CPU is interrupted by a machine check. Move the slab cache allocation of the full save area to nmi.c, for early boot use a static __initdata block. Reviewed-by:
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
The smp_send_stop() function can be called from s390_handle_damage while DAT is off. This happens if a machine check indicates that kernel gprs or control registers can not be restored. The function smp_send_stop reenables DAT via __load_psw_mask. That should work for the case of lost kernel gprs and the system will do the expected stop of all CPUs. But if control registers are lost, in particular CR13 with the home space ASCE, interesting secondary crashes may occur. Make smp_emergency_stop callable from nmi.c and remove the cpumask argument. Replace the smp_send_stop call with smp_emergency_stop in the s390_handle_damage function. In addition add notrace and NOKPROBE_SYMBOL annotations for all functions required for the emergency shutdown. Reviewed-by:
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- 16 Oct, 2017 1 commit
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Christian Borntraeger authored
On CPU hotplug some cpu stats contain bogus values: $ cat /proc/stat cpu 0 0 49 1280 0 0 0 3 0 0 cpu0 0 0 49 618 0 0 0 3 0 0 cpu1 0 0 0 662 0 0 0 0 0 0 [...] $ echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online $ echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online $ cat /proc/stat cpu 0 0 49 3200 0 450359962737 450359962737 3 0 0 cpu0 0 0 49 1956 0 0 0 3 0 0 cpu1 0 0 0 1244 0 450359962737 450359962737 0 0 0 [...] pcpu_attach_task() needs the same assignments as vtime_task_switch. Signed-off-by:
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- 28 Sep, 2017 2 commits
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
The queued spinlock code for s390 follows the principles of the common code qspinlock implementation but with a few notable differences. The format of the spinlock_t locking word differs, s390 needs to store the logical CPU number of the lock holder in the spinlock_t to be able to use the diagnose 9c directed yield hypervisor call. The inline code sequences for spin_lock and spin_unlock are nice and short. The inline portion of a spin_lock now typically looks like this: lhi %r0,0 # 0 indicates an empty lock l %r1,0x3a0 # CPU number + 1 from lowcore cs %r0,%r1,<some_lock> # lock operation jnz call_wait # on failure call wait function locked: ... call_wait: la %r2,<some_lock> brasl %r14,arch_spin_lock_wait j locked A spin_unlock is as simple as before: lhi %r0,0 sth %r0,2(%r2) # unlock operation After a CPU has queued itself it may not enable interrupts again for the arch_spin_lock_flags() variant. The arch_spin_lock_wait_flags wait function is removed. To improve performance the code implements opportunistic lock stealing. If the wait function finds a spinlock_t that indicates that the lock is free but there are queued waiters, the CPU may steal the lock up to three times without queueing itself. The lock stealing update the steal counter in the lock word to prevent more than 3 steals. The counter is reset at the time the CPU next in the queue successfully takes the lock. While the queued spinlocks improve performance in a system with dedicated CPUs, in a virtualized environment with continuously overcommitted CPUs the queued spinlocks can have a negative effect on performance. This is due to the fact that a queued CPU that is preempted by the hypervisor will block the queue at some point even without holding the lock. With the classic spinlock it does not matter if a CPU is preempted that waits for the lock. Therefore use the queued spinlock code only if the system runs with dedicated CPUs and fall back to classic spinlocks when running with shared CPUs. Signed-off-by: -
Martin Schwidefsky authored
The topology information returned by STSI 15.x.x contains a flag if the CPUs of a topology-list are dedicated or shared. Make this information available if the machine provides topology information. Signed-off-by:
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- 23 Aug, 2017 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
cpuhp_setup_state() returns a state number on CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN if no error occurred. Therefore convert the return code to zero before using it as exit code for s390_smp_init(). Signed-off-by:
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- 12 Jun, 2017 1 commit
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Christian Borntraeger authored
I get number of CPUs - 1 kmemleak hits like unreferenced object 0x37ec6f000 (size 1024): comm "swapper/0", pid 1, jiffies 4294937330 (age 889.690s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b 6b kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk backtrace: [<000000000034a848>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x2b8/0x3d0 [<00000000001164de>] __cpu_up+0x456/0x488 [<000000000016f60c>] bringup_cpu+0x4c/0xd0 [<000000000016d5d2>] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe2/0x9e8 [<000000000016f3c6>] cpuhp_up_callbacks+0x5e/0x110 [<000000000016f988>] _cpu_up+0xe0/0x158 [<000000000016faf0>] do_cpu_up+0xf0/0x110 [<0000000000dae1ee>] smp_init+0x126/0x130 [<0000000000d9bd04>] kernel_init_freeable+0x174/0x2e0 [<000000000089fc62>] kernel_init+0x2a/0x148 [<00000000008adce2>] kernel_thread_starter+0x6/0xc [<00000000008adcdc>] kernel_thread_starter+0x0/0xc [<ffffffffffffffff>] 0xffffffffffffffff The pointer of this data structure is stored in the prefix page of that CPU together with some extra bits ORed into the the low bits. Mark the data structure as non-leak. Signed-off-by:
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- 22 Mar, 2017 2 commits
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Heiko Carstens authored
Commit af51160e ("s390/smp: initialize cpu_present_mask in setup_arch") initializes the cpu_present_mask much earlier than before. However the cpu detection code relies on the fact that iff logical cpu 0 is marked present then also the corresponding physical cpu address within the pcpu_devices array slot is valid. Since commit 44fd2299 ("[PATCH] Register the boot-cpu in the cpu maps earlier") this assumption is not true anymore. The patch marks logical cpu 0 as present in common code without that architecture code had a chance to setup the logical to physical map. With that change the cpu detection code assumes that the physical cpu address of cpu 0 is also 0, which is not necessarily true. Subsequently the physical cpu address of the ipl cpu will be mapped to a different logical cpu. If that cpu is brought online later the ipl cpu will send itself an initial cpu reset sigp signal. This in turn completely resets the ipl cpu and the system stops working. A dump of such a system looks like a "store status" has been forgotten. But actually the kernel itself removed all traces which would allow to easily tell what went wrong. To fix this initialize the logical to physical cpu address already in smp_setup_processor_id(). In addition remove the initialization of the cpu_present_mask and cpu_online_mask for cpu 0, since that has already been done. Also add a sanity check, just in case common code will be changed again... The problem can be easily reproduced within a z/VM guest: > chcpu -d 0 > vmcp ipl Fixes: af51160e ("s390/smp: initialize cpu_present_mask in setup_arch") Reported-by:
Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Martin Schwidefsky authored
This adds a new system call to enable the use of guarded storage for user space processes. The system call takes two arguments, a command and pointer to a guarded storage control block: s390_guarded_storage(int command, struct gs_cb *gs_cb); The second argument is relevant only for the GS_SET_BC_CB command. The commands in detail: 0 - GS_ENABLE Enable the guarded storage facility for the current task. The initial content of the guarded storage control block will be all zeros. After the enablement the user space code can use load-guarded-storage-controls instruction (LGSC) to load an arbitrary control block. While a task is enabled the kernel will save and restore the current content of the guarded storage registers on context switch. 1 - GS_DISABLE Disables the use of the guarded storage facility for the current task. The kernel will cease to save and restore the content of the guarded storage registers, the task specific content of these registers is lost. 2 - GS_SET_BC_CB Set a broadcast guarded storage control block. This is called per thread and stores a specific guarded storage control block in the task struct of the current task. This control block will be used for the broadcast event GS_BROADCAST. 3 - GS_CLEAR_BC_CB Clears the broadcast guarded storage control block. The guarded- storage control block is removed from the task struct that was established by GS_SET_BC_CB. 4 - GS_BROADCAST Sends a broadcast to all thread siblings of the current task. Every sibling that has established a broadcast guarded storage control block will load this control block and will be enabled for guarded storage. The broadcast guarded storage control block is used up, a second broadcast without a refresh of the stored control block with GS_SET_BC_CB will not have any effect. Signed-off-by:
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- 02 Mar, 2017 2 commits
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Ingo Molnar authored
We are going to split <linux/sched/task_stack.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files. Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/task_stack.h> file that just maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and bisectable. Include the new header in the files that are going to need it. Acked-by:
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Ingo Molnar authored
We are going to split <linux/sched/hotplug.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files. Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/hotplug.h> file that just maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and bisectable. Include the new header in the files that are going to need it. Acked-by:
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- 17 Feb, 2017 1 commit
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Paul Gortmaker authored
Historically a lot of these existed because we did not have a distinction between what was modular code and what was providing support to modules via EXPORT_SYMBOL and friends. That changed when we forked out support for the latter into the export.h file. This means we should be able to reduce the usage of module.h in code that is obj-y Makefile or bool Kconfig. The advantage in doing so is that module.h itself sources about 15 other headers; adding significantly to what we feed cpp, and it can obscure what headers we are effectively using. Since module.h was the source for init.h (for __init) and for export.h (for EXPORT_SYMBOL) we consider each change instance for the presence of either and replace as needed. Build testing revealed some implicit header usage that was fixed up accordingly. Signed-off-by:
Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Signed-off-by:
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