- 30 Aug, 2012 2 commits
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Patrick McHardy authored
The IPv6 conntrack fragmentation currently has a couple of shortcomings. Fragmentes are collected in PREROUTING/OUTPUT, are defragmented, the defragmented packet is then passed to conntrack, the resulting conntrack information is attached to each original fragment and the fragments then continue their way through the stack. Helper invocation occurs in the POSTROUTING hook, at which point only the original fragments are available. The result of this is that fragmented packets are never passed to helpers. This patch improves the situation in the following way: - If a reassembled packet belongs to a connection that has a helper assigned, the reassembled packet is passed through the stack instead of the original fragments. - During defragmentation, the largest received fragment size is stored. On output, the packet is refragmented if required. If the largest received fragment size exceeds the outgoing MTU, a "packet too big" message is generated, thus behaving as if the original fragments were passed through the stack from an outside point of view. - The ipv6_helper() hook function can't receive fragments anymore for connections using a helper, so it is switched to use ipv6_skip_exthdr() instead of the netfilter specific nf_ct_ipv6_skip_exthdr() and the reassembled packets are passed to connection tracking helpers. The result of this is that we can properly track fragmented packets, but still generate ICMPv6 Packet too big messages if we would have before. This patch is also required as a precondition for IPv6 NAT, where NAT helpers might enlarge packets up to a point that they require fragmentation. In that case we can't generate Packet too big messages since the proper MTU can't be calculated in all cases (f.i. when changing textual representation of a variable amount of addresses), so the packet is transparently fragmented iff the original packet or fragments would have fit the outgoing MTU. IPVS parts by Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>. Signed-off-by:
Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
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Jesper Dangaard Brouer authored
Cleaning up the IPv6 MTU checking in the IPVS xmit code, by using a common helper function __mtu_check_toobig_v6(). The MTU check for tunnel mode can also use this helper as ntohs(old_iph->payload_len) + sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) is qual to skb->len. And the 'mtu' variable have been adjusted before calling helper. Notice, this also fixes a bug, as the the MTU check in ip_vs_dr_xmit_v6() were missing a check for skb_is_gso(). This bug e.g. caused issues for KVM IPVS setups, where different Segmentation Offloading techniques are utilized, between guests, via the virtio driver. This resulted in very bad performance, due to the ICMPv6 "too big" messages didn't affect the sender. Signed-off-by:
Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by:
Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
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- 26 Aug, 2012 1 commit
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Patrick McHardy authored
IPv4 conntrack defragments incoming packet at the PRE_ROUTING hook and (in case of forwarded packets) refragments them at POST_ROUTING independent of the IP_DF flag. Refragmentation uses the dst_mtu() of the local route without caring about the original fragment sizes, thereby breaking PMTUD. This patch fixes this by keeping track of the largest received fragment with IP_DF set and generates an ICMP fragmentation required error during refragmentation if that size exceeds the MTU. Signed-off-by:
Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Acked-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Acked-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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- 23 Aug, 2012 9 commits
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Pavel Emelyanov authored
Change since v1: * Fixed inuse counters access spotted by Eric In patch eea68e2f (packet: Report socket mclist info via diag module) I've introduced a "scheduling in atomic" problem in packet diag module -- the socket list is traversed under rcu_read_lock() while performed under it sk mclist access requires rtnl lock (i.e. -- mutex) to be taken. [152363.820563] BUG: scheduling while atomic: crtools/12517/0x10000002 [152363.820573] 4 locks held by crtools/12517: [152363.820581] #0: (sock_diag_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff81a2dcb5>] sock_diag_rcv+0x1f/0x3e [152363.820613] #1: (sock_diag_table_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff81a2de70>] sock_diag_rcv_msg+0xdb/0x11a [152363.820644] #2: (nlk->cb_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff81a67d01>] netlink_dump+0x23/0x1ab [152363.820693] #3: (rcu_read_lock){.+.+..}, at: [<ffffffff81b6a049>] packet_diag_dump+0x0/0x1af Similar thing was then re-introduced by further packet diag patches (fanount mutex and pgvec mutex for rings) :( Apart from being terribly sorry for the above, I propose to change the packet sk list protection from spinlock to mutex. This lock currently protects two modifications: * sklist * prot inuse counters The sklist modifications can be just reprotected with mutex since they already occur in a sleeping context. The inuse counters modifications are trickier -- the __this_cpu_-s are used inside, thus requiring the caller to handle the potential issues with contexts himself. Since packet sockets' counters are modified in two places only (packet_create and packet_release) we only need to protect the context from being preempted. BH disabling is not required in this case. Signed-off-by:
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Acked-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Allan, Bruce W authored
The helper functions which translate IEEE MDIO Manageable Device (MMD) Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) registers 3.20, 7.60 and 7.61 to and from the comparable ethtool supported/advertised settings will be needed by drivers other than those in PHYLIB (e.g. e1000e in a follow-on patch). In the same fashion as similar translation functions in linux/mii.h, move these functions from the PHYLIB core to the linux/mdio.h header file so the code will not have to be duplicated in each driver needing MMD-to-ethtool (and vice-versa) translations. The function and some variable names have been renamed to be more descriptive. Not tested on the only hardware that currently calls the related functions, stmmac, because I don't have access to any. Has been compile tested and the translations have been tested on a locally modified version of e1000e. Signed-off-by:
Bruce Allan <bruce.w.allan@intel.com> Cc: Giuseppe Cavallaro <peppe.cavallaro@st.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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danborkmann@iogearbox.net authored
Instead of using a hard-coded value for the status variable, it would make the code more readable to use its destined define from linux/if_packet.h. Signed-off-by: daniel.borkmann@tik.ee.ethz.ch Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Ying Xue authored
Since we have already in BH context when *_write_space(), *_data_ready() as well as *_state_change() are called, it's unnecessary to disable BH. Signed-off-by:
Ying Xue <ying.xue@windriver.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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John Eaglesham authored
Currently the "bonding" driver does not support load balancing outgoing traffic in LACP mode for IPv6 traffic. IPv4 (and TCP or UDP over IPv4) are currently supported; this patch adds transmit hashing for IPv6 (and TCP or UDP over IPv6), bringing IPv6 up to par with IPv4 support in the bonding driver. In addition, bounds checking has been added to all transmit hashing functions. The algorithm chosen (xor'ing the bottom three quads of the source and destination addresses together, then xor'ing each byte of that result into the bottom byte, finally xor'ing with the last bytes of the MAC addresses) was selected after testing almost 400,000 unique IPv6 addresses harvested from server logs. This algorithm had the most even distribution for both big- and little-endian architectures while still using few instructions. Its behavior also attempts to closely match that of the IPv4 algorithm. The IPv6 flow label was intentionally not included in the hash as it appears to be unset in the vast majority of IPv6 traffic sampled, and the current algorithm not using the flow label already offers a very even distribution. Fragmented IPv6 packets are handled the same way as fragmented IPv4 packets, ie, they are not balanced based on layer 4 information. Additionally, IPv6 packets with intermediate headers are not balanced based on layer 4 information. In practice these intermediate headers are not common and this should not cause any problems, and the alternative (a packet-parsing loop and look-up table) seemed slow and complicated for little gain. Tested-by:
John Eaglesham <linux@8192.net> Signed-off-by:
John Eaglesham <linux@8192.net> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Eric Dumazet authored
ip6gre_err() miscomputes grehlen (sizeof(ipv6h) is 4 or 8, not 40 as expected), and should take into account 'offset' parameter. Also uses pskb_may_pull() to cope with some fragged skbs Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Kozlov <xeb@mail.ru> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Eric Dumazet authored
This patch reverts commit 56892261 (xfrm: Use rcu_dereference_bh to deference pointer protected by rcu_read_lock_bh), and fixes bugs introduced in commit 418a99ac ( Replace rwlock on xfrm_policy_afinfo with rcu ) 1) We properly use RCU variant in this file, not a mix of RCU/RCU_BH 2) We must defer some writes after the synchronize_rcu() call or a reader can crash dereferencing NULL pointer. 3) Now we use the xfrm_policy_afinfo_lock spinlock only from process context, we no longer need to block BH in xfrm_policy_register_afinfo() and xfrm_policy_unregister_afinfo() 4) Can use RCU_INIT_POINTER() instead of rcu_assign_pointer() in xfrm_policy_unregister_afinfo() 5) Remove a forward inline declaration (xfrm_policy_put_afinfo()), and also move xfrm_policy_get_afinfo() declaration. Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Fan Du <fan.du@windriver.com> Cc: Priyanka Jain <Priyanka.Jain@freescale.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Eric Dumazet authored
I noticed extra one second delay in device dismantle, tracked down to a call to dst_dev_event() while some call_rcu() are still in RCU queues. These call_rcu() were posted by rt_free(struct rtable *rt) calls. We then wait a little (but one second) in netdev_wait_allrefs() before kicking again NETDEV_UNREGISTER. As the call_rcu() are now completed, dst_dev_event() can do the needed device swap on busy dst. To solve this problem, add a new NETDEV_UNREGISTER_FINAL, called after a rcu_barrier(), but outside of RTNL lock. Use NETDEV_UNREGISTER_FINAL with care ! Change dst_dev_event() handler to react to NETDEV_UNREGISTER_FINAL Also remove NETDEV_UNREGISTER_BATCH, as its not used anymore after IP cache removal. With help from Gao feng Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com> Cc: Mahesh Bandewar <maheshb@google.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Gao feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://1984.lsi.us.es/nf-nextDavid S. Miller authored
Pablo Neira Ayuso says: ==================== This is the first batch of Netfilter and IPVS updates for your net-next tree. Mostly cleanups for the Netfilter side. They are: * Remove unnecessary RTNL locking now that we have support for namespace in nf_conntrack, from Patrick McHardy. * Cleanup to eliminate unnecessary goto in the initialization path of several Netfilter tables, from Jean Sacren. * Another cleanup from Wu Fengguang, this time to PTR_RET instead of if IS_ERR then return PTR_ERR. * Use list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu in nf_iterate, from Michael Wang. * Add pmtu_disc sysctl option to disable PMTU in their tunneling transmitter, from Julian Anastasov. * Generalize application protocol registration in IPVS and modify IPVS FTP helper to use it, from Julian Anastasov. * update Kconfig. The IPVS FTP helper depends on the Netfilter FTP helper for NAT support, from Julian Anastasov. * Add logic to update PMTU for IPIP packets in IPVS, again from Julian Anastasov. * A couple of sparse warning fixes for IPVS and Netfilter from Claudiu Ghioc and Patrick McHardy respectively. Patrick's IPv6 NAT changes will follow after this batch, I need to flush this batch first before refreshing my tree. ==================== Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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- 22 Aug, 2012 5 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jkirsher/net-nextDavid S. Miller authored
Jeff Kirsher says: ==================== This series contains updates to ethtool.h, e1000, e1000e, and igb to implement MDI/MDIx control. ==================== Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Jean Sacren authored
Usually it's a good practice to use goto statement for error recovery when initializing the module. This approach could be an overkill if: 1) there is only one fail case; 2) success and failure use the same return statement. For a cleaner approach, remove the unnecessary goto statement and directly implement error recovery. Signed-off-by:
Jean Sacren <sakiwit@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
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Michael Wang authored
This patch replaces list_for_each_continue_rcu() with list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu() to allow removing list_for_each_continue_rcu(). Signed-off-by:
Michael Wang <wangyun@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by:
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
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Linus Torvalds authored
Merge fixes from Andrew Morton. Random drivers and some VM fixes. * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (17 commits) mm: compaction: Abort async compaction if locks are contended or taking too long mm: have order > 0 compaction start near a pageblock with free pages rapidio/tsi721: fix unused variable compiler warning rapidio/tsi721: fix inbound doorbell interrupt handling drivers/rtc/rtc-rs5c348.c: fix hour decoding in 12-hour mode mm: correct page->pfmemalloc to fix deactivate_slab regression drivers/rtc/rtc-pcf2123.c: initialize dynamic sysfs attributes mm/compaction.c: fix deferring compaction mistake drivers/misc/sgi-xp/xpc_uv.c: SGI XPC fails to load when cpu 0 is out of IRQ resources string: do not export memweight() to userspace hugetlb: update hugetlbpage.txt checkpatch: add control statement test to SINGLE_STATEMENT_DO_WHILE_MACRO mm: hugetlbfs: correctly populate shared pmd cciss: fix incorrect scsi status reporting Documentation: update mount option in filesystem/vfat.txt mm: change nr_ptes BUG_ON to WARN_ON cs5535-clockevt: typo, it's MFGPT, not MFPGT
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- 21 Aug, 2012 23 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-mediaLinus Torvalds authored
Pull media fixes from Mauro Carvalho Chehab: "For bug fixes, at soc_camera, si470x, uvcvideo, iguanaworks IR driver, radio_shark Kbuild fixes, and at the V4L2 core (radio fixes)." * 'v4l_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media: [media] media: soc_camera: don't clear pix->sizeimage in JPEG mode [media] media: mx2_camera: Fix clock handling for i.MX27 [media] video: mx2_camera: Use clk_prepare_enable/clk_disable_unprepare [media] video: mx1_camera: Use clk_prepare_enable/clk_disable_unprepare [media] media: mx3_camera: buf_init() add buffer state check [media] radio-shark2: Only compile led support when CONFIG_LED_CLASS is set [media] radio-shark: Only compile led support when CONFIG_LED_CLASS is set [media] radio-shark*: Call cancel_work_sync from disconnect rather then release [media] radio-shark*: Remove work-around for dangling pointer in usb intfdata [media] Add USB dependency for IguanaWorks USB IR Transceiver [media] Add missing logging for rangelow/high of hwseek [media] VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS fix [media] mem2mem_testdev: fix querycap regression [media] si470x: v4l2-compliance fixes [media] DocBook: Remove a spurious character [media] uvcvideo: Reset the bytesused field when recycling an erroneous buffer
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/netLinus Torvalds authored
Pull networking update from David Miller: "A couple weeks of bug fixing in there. The largest chunk is all the broken crap Amerigo Wang found in the netpoll layer." 1) netpoll and it's users has several serious bugs: a) uses GFP_KERNEL with locks held b) interfaces requiring interrupts disabled are called with them enabled c) and vice versa d) VLAN tag demuxing, as per all other RX packet input paths, is not applied All from Amerigo Wang. 2) Hopefully cure the ipv4 mapped ipv6 address TCP early demux bugs for good, from Neal Cardwell. 3) Unlike AF_UNIX, AF_PACKET sockets don't set a default credentials when the user doesn't specify one explicitly during sendmsg(). Instead we attach an empty (zero) SCM credential block which is definitely not what we want. Fix from Eric Dumazet. 4) IPv6 illegally invokes netdevice notifiers with RCU lock held, fix from Ben Hutchings. 5) inet_csk_route_child_sock() checks wrong inet options pointer, fix from Christoph Paasch. 6) When AF_PACKET is used for transmit, packet loopback doesn't behave properly when a socket fanout is enabled, from Eric Leblond. 7) On bluetooth l2cap channel create failure, we leak the socket, from Jaganath Kanakkassery. 8) Fix all the netprio file handling bugs found by Al Viro, from John Fastabend. 9) Several error return and NULL deref bug fixes in networking drivers from Julia Lawall. 10) A large smattering of struct padding et al. kernel memory leaks to userspace found of Mathias Krause. 11) Conntrack expections in netfilter can access an uninitialized timer, fix from Pablo Neira Ayuso. 12) Several netfilter SIP tracker bug fixes from Patrick McHardy. 13) IPSEC ipv6 routes are not initialized correctly all the time, resulting in an OOPS in inet_putpeer(). Also from Patrick McHardy. 14) Bridging does rcu_dereference() outside of RCU protected area, from Stephen Hemminger. 15) Fix routing cache removal performance regression when looking up output routes that have a local destination. From Zheng Yan. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (87 commits) af_netlink: force credentials passing [CVE-2012-3520] ipv4: fix ip header ident selection in __ip_make_skb() ipv4: Use newinet->inet_opt in inet_csk_route_child_sock() tcp: fix possible socket refcount problem net: tcp: move sk_rx_dst_set call after tcp_create_openreq_child() net/core/dev.c: fix kernel-doc warning netconsole: remove a redundant netconsole_target_put() net: ipv6: fix oops in inet_putpeer() net/stmmac: fix issue of clk_get for Loongson1B. caif: Do not dereference NULL in chnl_recv_cb() af_packet: don't emit packet on orig fanout group drivers/net/irda: fix error return code drivers/net/wan/dscc4.c: fix error return code drivers/net/wimax/i2400m/fw.c: fix error return code smsc75xx: add missing entry to MAINTAINERS net: qmi_wwan: new devices: UML290 and K5006-Z net: sh_eth: Add eth support for R8A7779 device netdev/phy: skip disabled mdio-mux nodes dt: introduce for_each_available_child_of_node, of_get_next_available_child net: netprio: fix cgrp create and write priomap race ...
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Mel Gorman authored
Jim Schutt reported a problem that pointed at compaction contending heavily on locks. The workload is straight-forward and in his own words; The systems in question have 24 SAS drives spread across 3 HBAs, running 24 Ceph OSD instances, one per drive. FWIW these servers are dual-socket Intel 5675 Xeons w/48 GB memory. I've got ~160 Ceph Linux clients doing dd simultaneously to a Ceph file system backed by 12 of these servers. Early in the test everything looks fine procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 31 15 0 287216 576 38606628 0 0 2 1158 2 14 1 3 95 0 0 27 15 0 225288 576 38583384 0 0 18 2222016 203357 134876 11 56 17 15 0 28 17 0 219256 576 38544736 0 0 11 2305932 203141 146296 11 49 23 17 0 6 18 0 215596 576 38552872 0 0 7 2363207 215264 166502 12 45 22 20 0 22 18 0 226984 576 38596404 0 0 3 2445741 223114 179527 12 43 23 22 0 and then it goes to pot procs -------------------memory------------------ ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 163 8 0 464308 576 36791368 0 0 11 22210 866 536 3 13 79 4 0 207 14 0 917752 576 36181928 0 0 712 1345376 134598 47367 7 90 1 2 0 123 12 0 685516 576 36296148 0 0 429 1386615 158494 60077 8 84 5 3 0 123 12 0 598572 576 36333728 0 0 1107 1233281 147542 62351 7 84 5 4 0 622 7 0 660768 576 36118264 0 0 557 1345548 151394 59353 7 85 4 3 0 223 11 0 283960 576 36463868 0 0 46 1107160 121846 33006 6 93 1 1 0 Note that system CPU usage is very high blocks being written out has dropped by 42%. He analysed this with perf and found perf record -g -a sleep 10 perf report --sort symbol --call-graph fractal,5 34.63% [k] _raw_spin_lock_irqsave | |--97.30%-- isolate_freepages | compaction_alloc | unmap_and_move | migrate_pages | compact_zone | compact_zone_order | try_to_compact_pages | __alloc_pages_direct_compact | __alloc_pages_slowpath | __alloc_pages_nodemask | alloc_pages_vma | do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page | handle_mm_fault | do_page_fault | page_fault | | | |--87.39%-- skb_copy_datagram_iovec | | tcp_recvmsg | | inet_recvmsg | | sock_recvmsg | | sys_recvfrom | | system_call | | __recv | | | | | --100.00%-- (nil) | | | --12.61%-- memcpy --2.70%-- [...] There was other data but primarily it is all showing that compaction is contended heavily on the zone->lock and zone->lru_lock. commit [b2eef8c0: mm: compaction: minimise the time IRQs are disabled while isolating pages for migration] noted that it was possible for migration to hold the lru_lock for an excessive amount of time. Very broadly speaking this patch expands the concept. This patch introduces compact_checklock_irqsave() to check if a lock is contended or the process needs to be scheduled. If either condition is true then async compaction is aborted and the caller is informed. The page allocator will fail a THP allocation if compaction failed due to contention. This patch also introduces compact_trylock_irqsave() which will acquire the lock only if it is not contended and the process does not need to schedule. Reported-by:
Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov> Tested-by:
Jim Schutt <jaschut@sandia.gov> Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mel Gorman authored
Commit 7db8889a ("mm: have order > 0 compaction start off where it left") introduced a caching mechanism to reduce the amount work the free page scanner does in compaction. However, it has a problem. Consider two process simultaneously scanning free pages C Process A M S F |---------------------------------------| Process B M FS C is zone->compact_cached_free_pfn S is cc->start_pfree_pfn M is cc->migrate_pfn F is cc->free_pfn In this diagram, Process A has just reached its migrate scanner, wrapped around and updated compact_cached_free_pfn accordingly. Simultaneously, Process B finishes isolating in a block and updates compact_cached_free_pfn again to the location of its free scanner. Process A moves to "end_of_zone - one_pageblock" and runs this check if (cc->order > 0 && (!cc->wrapped || zone->compact_cached_free_pfn > cc->start_free_pfn)) pfn = min(pfn, zone->compact_cached_free_pfn); compact_cached_free_pfn is above where it started so the free scanner skips almost the entire space it should have scanned. When there are multiple processes compacting it can end in a situation where the entire zone is not being scanned at all. Further, it is possible for two processes to ping-pong update to compact_cached_free_pfn which is just random. Overall, the end result wrecks allocation success rates. There is not an obvious way around this problem without introducing new locking and state so this patch takes a different approach. First, it gets rid of the skip logic because it's not clear that it matters if two free scanners happen to be in the same block but with racing updates it's too easy for it to skip over blocks it should not. Second, it updates compact_cached_free_pfn in a more limited set of circumstances. If a scanner has wrapped, it updates compact_cached_free_pfn to the end of the zone. When a wrapped scanner isolates a page, it updates compact_cached_free_pfn to point to the highest pageblock it can isolate pages from. If a scanner has not wrapped when it has finished isolated pages it checks if compact_cached_free_pfn is pointing to the end of the zone. If so, the value is updated to point to the highest pageblock that pages were isolated from. This value will not be updated again until a free page scanner wraps and resets compact_cached_free_pfn. This is not optimal and it can still race but the compact_cached_free_pfn will be pointing to or very near a pageblock with free pages. Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Alexandre Bounine authored
Fix unused variable compiler warning when built with CONFIG_RAPIDIO_DEBUG option off. This patch is applicable to kernel versions starting from v3.2 Signed-off-by:
Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com> Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Alexandre Bounine authored
Make sure that there is no doorbell messages left behind due to disabled interrupts during inbound doorbell processing. The most common case for this bug is loss of rionet JOIN messages in systems with three or more rionet participants and MSI or MSI-X enabled. As result, requests for packet transfers may finish with "destination unreachable" error message. This patch is applicable to kernel versions starting from v3.2. Signed-off-by:
Alexandre Bounine <alexandre.bounine@idt.com> Cc: Matt Porter <mporter@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Atsushi Nemoto authored
Correct the offset by subtracting 20 from tm_hour before taking the modulo 12. [ "Why 20?" I hear you ask. Or at least I did. Here's the reason why: RS5C348_BIT_PM is 32, and is - stupidly - included in the RS5C348_HOURS_MASK define. So it's really subtracting out that bit to get "hour+12". But then because it does things modulo 12, it needs to add the 12 in again afterwards anyway. This code is confused. It would be much clearer if RS5C348_HOURS_MASK just didn't include the RS5C348_BIT_PM bit at all, then it wouldn't need to do the silly subtract either. Whatever. It's all just math, the end result is the same. - Linus ] Reported-by:
James Nute <newten82@gmail.com> Tested-by:
James Nute <newten82@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
Atsushi Nemoto <anemo@mba.ocn.ne.jp> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Alex Shi authored
Commit cfd19c5a ("mm: only set page->pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was used") tried to narrow down page->pfmemalloc setting, but it missed some places the pfmemalloc should be set. So, in __slab_alloc, the unalignment pfmemalloc and ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS cause incorrect deactivate_slab() on our core2 server: 64.73% fio [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock | --- _raw_spin_lock | |---0.34%-- deactivate_slab | __slab_alloc | kmem_cache_alloc | | That causes our fio sync write performance to have a 40% regression. Move the checking in get_page_from_freelist() which resolves this issue. Signed-off-by:
Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Acked-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Tested-by:
Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Tested-by:
Sage Weil <sage@inktank.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Ilya Shchepetkov authored
Dynamically allocated sysfs attributes must be initialized using sysfs_attr_init(), otherwise lockdep complains: BUG: key <address> not in .data! Found by Linux Driver Verification project (linuxtesting.org). Signed-off-by:
Ilya Shchepetkov <shchepetkov@ispras.ru> Cc: Chris Verges <chrisv@cyberswitching.com> Cc: Christian Pellegrin <chripell@fsfe.org> Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Minchan Kim authored
Commit aff62249 ("vmscan: only defer compaction for failed order and higher") fixed bad deferring policy but made mistake about checking compact_order_failed in __compact_pgdat(). So it can't update compact_order_failed with the new order. This ends up preventing correct operation of policy deferral. This patch fixes it. Signed-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by:
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Robin Holt authored
On many of our larger systems, CPU 0 has had all of its IRQ resources consumed before XPC loads. Worst cases on machines with multiple 10 GigE cards and multiple IB cards have depleted the entire first socket of IRQs. This patch makes selecting the node upon which IRQs are allocated (as well as all the other GRU Message Queue structures) specifiable as a module load param and has a default behavior of searching all nodes/cpus for an available resources. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build: include cpu.h and module.h] Signed-off-by:
Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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WANG Cong authored
Fix the following warning: usr/include/linux/string.h:8: userspace cannot reference function or variable defined in the kernel Signed-off-by:
WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Zhouping Liu authored
Commit f0f57b2b ("mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm") moved map_hugetlb.c, hugepage-shm.c and hugepage-mmap.c tests into tools/testing/selftests/vm/ directory, but it didn't update hugetlbpage.txt Signed-off-by:
Zhouping Liu <sanweidaying@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Joe Perches authored
Commit b13edf7f ("checkpatch: add checks for do {} while (0) macro misuses") added a test that is overly simplistic for single statement macros. Macros that start with control tests should be enclosed in a do {} while (0) loop. Add the necessary control tests to the check. Signed-off-by:
Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Acked-by:
Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com> Tested-by:
Franz Schrober <franzschrober@yahoo.de> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Michal Hocko authored
Each page mapped in a process's address space must be correctly accounted for in _mapcount. Normally the rules for this are straightforward but hugetlbfs page table sharing is different. The page table pages at the PMD level are reference counted while the mapcount remains the same. If this accounting is wrong, it causes bugs like this one reported by Larry Woodman: kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:135! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU 22 Modules linked in: bridge stp llc sunrpc binfmt_misc dcdbas microcode pcspkr acpi_pad acpi] Pid: 18001, comm: mpitest Tainted: G W 3.3.0+ #4 Dell Inc. PowerEdge R620/07NDJ2 RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8112cfed>] [<ffffffff8112cfed>] __delete_from_page_cache+0x15d/0x170 Process mpitest (pid: 18001, threadinfo ffff880428972000, task ffff880428b5cc20) Call Trace: delete_from_page_cache+0x40/0x80 truncate_hugepages+0x115/0x1f0 hugetlbfs_evict_inode+0x18/0x30 evict+0x9f/0x1b0 iput_final+0xe3/0x1e0 iput+0x3e/0x50 d_kill+0xf8/0x110 dput+0xe2/0x1b0 __fput+0x162/0x240 During fork(), copy_hugetlb_page_range() detects if huge_pte_alloc() shared page tables with the check dst_pte == src_pte. The logic is if the PMD page is the same, they must be shared. This assumes that the sharing is between the parent and child. However, if the sharing is with a different process entirely then this check fails as in this diagram: parent | ------------>pmd src_pte----------> data page ^ other--------->pmd--------------------| ^ child-----------| dst_pte For this situation to occur, it must be possible for Parent and Other to have faulted and failed to share page tables with each other. This is possible due to the following style of race. PROC A PROC B copy_hugetlb_page_range copy_hugetlb_page_range src_pte == huge_pte_offset src_pte == huge_pte_offset !src_pte so no sharing !src_pte so no sharing (time passes) hugetlb_fault hugetlb_fault huge_pte_alloc huge_pte_alloc huge_pmd_share huge_pmd_share LOCK(i_mmap_mutex) find nothing, no sharing UNLOCK(i_mmap_mutex) LOCK(i_mmap_mutex) find nothing, no sharing UNLOCK(i_mmap_mutex) pmd_alloc pmd_alloc LOCK(instantiation_mutex) fault UNLOCK(instantiation_mutex) LOCK(instantiation_mutex) fault UNLOCK(instantiation_mutex) These two processes are not poing to the same data page but are not sharing page tables because the opportunity was missed. When either process later forks, the src_pte == dst pte is potentially insufficient. As the check falls through, the wrong PTE information is copied in (harmless but wrong) and the mapcount is bumped for a page mapped by a shared page table leading to the BUG_ON. This patch addresses the issue by moving pmd_alloc into huge_pmd_share which guarantees that the shared pud is populated in the same critical section as pmd. This also means that huge_pte_offset test in huge_pmd_share is serialized correctly now which in turn means that the success of the sharing will be higher as the racing tasks see the pud and pmd populated together. Race identified and changelog written mostly by Mel Gorman. {akpm@linux-foundation.org: attempt to make the huge_pmd_share() comment comprehensible, clean up coding style] Reported-by:
Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Tested-by:
Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Reviewed-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Cc: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com> Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Stephen M. Cameron authored
Delete code which sets SCSI status incorrectly as it's already been set correctly above this incorrect code. The bug was introduced in 2009 by commit b0e15f6d ("cciss: fix typo that causes scsi status to be lost.") Signed-off-by:
Stephen M. Cameron <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com> Reported-by:
Roel van Meer <roel.vanmeer@bokxing.nl> Tested-by:
Roel van Meer <roel.vanmeer@bokxing.nl> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Namjae Jeon authored
Update two mount options(discard, nfs) in vfat.txt. Signed-off-by:
Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com> Acked-by:
OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Hugh Dickins authored
Occasionally an isolated BUG_ON(mm->nr_ptes) gets reported, indicating that not all the page tables allocated could be found and freed when exit_mmap() tore down the user address space. There's usually nothing we can say about it, beyond that it's probably a sign of some bad memory or memory corruption; though it might still indicate a bug in vma or page table management (and did recently reveal a race in THP, fixed a few months ago). But one overdue change we can make is from BUG_ON to WARN_ON. It's fairly likely that the system will crash shortly afterwards in some other way (for example, the BUG_ON(page_mapped(page)) in __delete_from_page_cache(), once an inode mapped into the lost page tables gets evicted); but might tell us more before that. Change the BUG_ON(page_mapped) to WARN_ON too? Later perhaps: I'm less eager, since that one has several times led to fixes. Signed-off-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Jens Rottmann authored
Signed-off-by:
Jens Rottmann <JRottmann@LiPPERTEmbedded.de> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Eric Dumazet authored
Pablo Neira Ayuso discovered that avahi and potentially NetworkManager accept spoofed Netlink messages because of a kernel bug. The kernel passes all-zero SCM_CREDENTIALS ancillary data to the receiver if the sender did not provide such data, instead of not including any such data at all or including the correct data from the peer (as it is the case with AF_UNIX). This bug was introduced in commit 16e57262 (af_unix: dont send SCM_CREDENTIALS by default) This patch forces passing credentials for netlink, as before the regression. Another fix would be to not add SCM_CREDENTIALS in netlink messages if not provided by the sender, but it might break some programs. With help from Florian Weimer & Petr Matousek This issue is designated as CVE-2012-3520 Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Petr Matousek <pmatouse@redhat.com> Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> Cc: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Eric Dumazet authored
Christian Casteyde reported a kmemcheck 32-bit read from uninitialized memory in __ip_select_ident(). It turns out that __ip_make_skb() called ip_select_ident() before properly initializing iph->daddr. This is a bug uncovered by commit 1d861aa4 (inet: Minimize use of cached route inetpeer.) Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46131Reported-by:
Christian Casteyde <casteyde.christian@free.fr> Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Christoph Paasch authored
Since 0e734419 ("ipv4: Use inet_csk_route_child_sock() in DCCP and TCP."), inet_csk_route_child_sock() is called instead of inet_csk_route_req(). However, after creating the child-sock in tcp/dccp_v4_syn_recv_sock(), ireq->opt is set to NULL, before calling inet_csk_route_child_sock(). Thus, inside inet_csk_route_child_sock() opt is always NULL and the SRR-options are not respected anymore. Packets sent by the server won't have the correct destination-IP. This patch fixes it by accessing newinet->inet_opt instead of ireq->opt inside inet_csk_route_child_sock(). Reported-by:
Luca Boccassi <luca.boccassi@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
Christoph Paasch <christoph.paasch@uclouvain.be> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Eric Dumazet authored
Commit 6f458dfb (tcp: improve latencies of timer triggered events) added bug leading to following trace : [ 2866.131281] IPv4: Attempt to release TCP socket in state 1 ffff880019ec0000 [ 2866.131726] [ 2866.132188] ========================= [ 2866.132281] [ BUG: held lock freed! ] [ 2866.132281] 3.6.0-rc1+ #622 Not tainted [ 2866.132281] ------------------------- [ 2866.132281] kworker/0:1/652 is freeing memory ffff880019ec0000-ffff880019ec0a1f, with a lock still held there! [ 2866.132281] (sk_lock-AF_INET-RPC){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff81903619>] tcp_sendmsg+0x29/0xcc6 [ 2866.132281] 4 locks held by kworker/0:1/652: [ 2866.132281] #0: (rpciod){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffff81083567>] process_one_work+0x1de/0x47f [ 2866.132281] #1: ((&task->u.tk_work)){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff81083567>] process_one_work+0x1de/0x47f [ 2866.132281] #2: (sk_lock-AF_INET-RPC){+.+...}, at: [<ffffffff81903619>] tcp_sendmsg+0x29/0xcc6 [ 2866.132281] #3: (&icsk->icsk_retransmit_timer){+.-...}, at: [<ffffffff81078017>] run_timer_softirq+0x1ad/0x35f [ 2866.132281] [ 2866.132281] stack backtrace: [ 2866.132281] Pid: 652, comm: kworker/0:1 Not tainted 3.6.0-rc1+ #622 [ 2866.132281] Call Trace: [ 2866.132281] <IRQ> [<ffffffff810bc527>] debug_check_no_locks_freed+0x112/0x159 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff818a0839>] ? __sk_free+0xfd/0x114 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff811549fa>] kmem_cache_free+0x6b/0x13a [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff818a0839>] __sk_free+0xfd/0x114 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff818a08c0>] sk_free+0x1c/0x1e [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81911e1c>] tcp_write_timer+0x51/0x56 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81078082>] run_timer_softirq+0x218/0x35f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81078017>] ? run_timer_softirq+0x1ad/0x35f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff810f5831>] ? rb_commit+0x58/0x85 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81911dcb>] ? tcp_write_timer_handler+0x148/0x148 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81070bd6>] __do_softirq+0xcb/0x1f9 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a0a00c>] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x29/0x2e [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a1227c>] call_softirq+0x1c/0x30 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81039f38>] do_softirq+0x4a/0xa6 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81070f2b>] irq_exit+0x51/0xad [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a129cd>] do_IRQ+0x9d/0xb4 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a0a3ef>] common_interrupt+0x6f/0x6f [ 2866.132281] <EOI> [<ffffffff8109d006>] ? sched_clock_cpu+0x58/0xd1 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a0a172>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x4c/0x56 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81078692>] mod_timer+0x178/0x1a9 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff818a00aa>] sk_reset_timer+0x19/0x26 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8190b2cc>] tcp_rearm_rto+0x99/0xa4 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8190dfba>] tcp_event_new_data_sent+0x6e/0x70 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8190f7ea>] tcp_write_xmit+0x7de/0x8e4 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff818a565d>] ? __alloc_skb+0xa0/0x1a1 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8190f952>] __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x2e/0x8a [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81904122>] tcp_sendmsg+0xb32/0xcc6 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff819229c2>] inet_sendmsg+0xaa/0xd5 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81922918>] ? inet_autobind+0x5f/0x5f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff810ee7f1>] ? trace_clock_local+0x9/0xb [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8189adab>] sock_sendmsg+0xa3/0xc4 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff810f5de6>] ? rb_reserve_next_event+0x26f/0x2d5 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8103e6a9>] ? native_sched_clock+0x29/0x6f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8103e6f8>] ? sched_clock+0x9/0xd [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff810ee7f1>] ? trace_clock_local+0x9/0xb [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8189ae03>] kernel_sendmsg+0x37/0x43 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8199ce49>] xs_send_kvec+0x77/0x80 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8199cec1>] xs_sendpages+0x6f/0x1a0 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8107826d>] ? try_to_del_timer_sync+0x55/0x61 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8199d0d2>] xs_tcp_send_request+0x55/0xf1 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8199bb90>] xprt_transmit+0x89/0x1db [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81999bcd>] ? call_connect+0x3c/0x3c [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81999d92>] call_transmit+0x1c5/0x20e [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff819a0d55>] __rpc_execute+0x6f/0x225 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81999bcd>] ? call_connect+0x3c/0x3c [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff819a0f33>] rpc_async_schedule+0x28/0x34 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff810835d6>] process_one_work+0x24d/0x47f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81083567>] ? process_one_work+0x1de/0x47f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff819a0f0b>] ? __rpc_execute+0x225/0x225 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81083a6d>] worker_thread+0x236/0x317 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81083837>] ? process_scheduled_works+0x2f/0x2f [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8108b7b8>] kthread+0x9a/0xa2 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a12184>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a0a4b0>] ? retint_restore_args+0x13/0x13 [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff8108b71e>] ? __init_kthread_worker+0x5a/0x5a [ 2866.132281] [<ffffffff81a12180>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 [ 2866.308506] IPv4: Attempt to release TCP socket in state 1 ffff880019ec0000 [ 2866.309689] ============================================================================= [ 2866.310254] BUG TCP (Not tainted): Object already free [ 2866.310254] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ 2866.310254] The bug comes from the fact that timer set in sk_reset_timer() can run before we actually do the sock_hold(). socket refcount reaches zero and we free the socket too soon. timer handler is not allowed to reduce socket refcnt if socket is owned by the user, or we need to change sk_reset_timer() implementation. We should take a reference on the socket in case TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED or TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED bit are set in tsq_flags Also fix a typo in tcp_delack_timer(), where TCP_WRITE_TIMER_DEFERRED was used instead of TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED. For consistency, use same socket refcount change for TCP_MTU_REDUCED_DEFERRED, even if not fired from a timer. Reported-by:
Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Tested-by:
Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by:
Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by:
David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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