syzbot reports a crash with tty polling, which is using the double poll
handling:

general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000009: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000048-0x000000000000004f]
CPU: 0 PID: 6874 Comm: syz-executor749 Not tainted 5.9.0-rc6-next-20200924-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
RIP: 0010:io_poll_get_single fs/io_uring.c:4778 [inline]
RIP: 0010:io_poll_double_wake+0x51/0x510 fs/io_uring.c:4845
Code: fc ff df 48 c1 ea 03 80 3c 02 00 0f 85 9e 03 00 00 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 49 8b 5d 08 48 8d 7b 48 48 89 fa 48 c1 ea 03 <0f> b6 04 02 84 c0 74 06 0f 8e 63 03 00 00 0f b6 6b 48 bf 06 00 00
RSP: 0018:ffffc90001c1fb70 EFLAGS: 00010006
RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000004
RDX: 0000000000000009 RSI: ffffffff81d9b3ad RDI: 0000000000000048
RBP: dffffc0000000000 R08: ffff8880a3cac798 R09: ffffc90001c1fc60
R10: fffff52000383f73 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000004
R13: ffff8880a3cac798 R14: ffff8880a3cac7a0 R15: 0000000000000004
FS:  0000000001f98880(0000) GS:ffff8880ae400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007f18886916c0 CR3: 0000000094c5a000 CR4: 00000000001506f0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
 __wake_up_common+0x147/0x650 kernel/sched/wait.c:93
 __wake_up_common_lock+0xd0/0x130 kernel/sched/wait.c:123
 tty_ldisc_hangup+0x1cf/0x680 drivers/tty/tty_ldisc.c:735
 __tty_hangup.part.0+0x403/0x870 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:625
 __tty_hangup drivers/tty/tty_io.c:575 [inline]
 tty_vhangup+0x1d/0x30 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:698
 pty_close+0x3f5/0x550 drivers/tty/pty.c:79
 tty_release+0x455/0xf60 drivers/tty/tty_io.c:1679
 __fput+0x285/0x920 fs/file_table.c:281
 task_work_run+0xdd/0x190 kernel/task_work.c:141
 tracehook_notify_resume include/linux/tracehook.h:188 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:165 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x1e2/0x1f0 kernel/entry/common.c:192
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x7a/0x2c0 kernel/entry/common.c:267
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
RIP: 0033:0x401210

which is due to a failure in removing the double poll wait entry if we
hit a wakeup match. This can cause multiple invocations of the wakeup,
which isn't safe.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.8
Reported-by: syzbot+81b3883093f772addf6d@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

A previous commit for fixing up short reads botched the async retry
path, so we ended up going to worker threads more often than we should.
Fix this up, so retries work the way they originally were intended to.

Fixes: 227c0c96 ("io_uring: internally retry short reads")
Reported-by: Hao_Xu <haoxu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This causes all the bios to be submitted with REQ_NOWAIT, which can be
problematic on either btrfs or on file systems that otherwise use a mix
of block devices where only some of them support it.

For now, just remove the setting of plug->nowait = true.
Reported-by: Dan Melnic <dmm@fb.com>
Reported-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Fixes: b63534c4 ("io_uring: re-issue block requests that failed because of resources")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If we cancel these requests, we'll leak the memory associated with the
filename. Add them to the table of ops that need cleaning, if
REQ_F_NEED_CLEANUP is set.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: e62753e4 ("io_uring: call statx directly")
Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

A previous commit unified how we handle prep for these two functions,
but this means that we check the allowed context (SQPOLL, specifically)
later than we should. Move the ring type checking into the two parent
functions, instead of doing it after we've done some setup work.

Fixes: ec65fea5 ("io_uring: deduplicate io_openat{,2}_prep()")
Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

These will naturally fail when attempted through SQPOLL, but either
with -EFAULT or -EBADF. Make it explicit that these are not workable
through SQPOLL and return -EINVAL, just like other ops that need to
use ->files.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

It would seem none of the kernel continuous integration does this:
    $ cd tools/io_uring
    $ make

Otherwise it may have noticed:
   cc -Wall -Wextra -g -D_GNU_SOURCE   -c -o io_uring-bench.o
	 io_uring-bench.c
io_uring-bench.c:133:12: error: static declaration of ‘gettid’
	 follows non-static declaration
  133 | static int gettid(void)
      |            ^~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/unistd.h:1170,
                 from io_uring-bench.c:27:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/unistd_ext.h:34:16: note:
	 previous declaration of ‘gettid’ was here
   34 | extern __pid_t gettid (void) __THROW;
      |                ^~~~~~
make: *** [<builtin>: io_uring-bench.o] Error 1

The problem on Ubuntu 20.04 (with lk 5.9.0-rc5) is that unistd.h
already defines gettid(). So prefix the local definition with
"lk_".
Signed-off-by: Douglas Gilbert <dgilbert@interlog.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Some block devices, like dm, bubble back -EAGAIN through the completion
handler. We check for this in io_read(), but don't honor it for when
we have copied the iov. Return -EAGAIN for this case before retrying,
to force punt to io-wq.

Fixes: bcf5a063 ("io_uring: support true async buffered reads, if file provides it")
Reported-by: Zorro Lang <zlang@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Zorro Lang <zlang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If we already have mapped the necessary data for retry, then don't set
it up again. It's a pointless operation, and we leak the iovec if it's
a large (non-stack) vec.

Fixes: b63534c4 ("io_uring: re-issue block requests that failed because of resources")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This isn't safe, and isn't needed either. We are guaranteed that any
work we queue is on a live task (and will be run), or it goes to
our backup io-wq threads if the task is exiting.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If task_work ends up being marked for cancelation, we go through a
cancelation helper instead of the queue path. In converting task_work to
always hold a ctx reference, this path was missed. Make sure that
io_req_task_cancel() puts the reference that is being held against the
ctx.

Fixes: 6d816e08 ("io_uring: hold 'ctx' reference around task_work queue + execute")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Always grab work environment for deferred links. The assumption that we
will be running it always from the task in question is false, as exiting
tasks may mean that we're deferring this one to a thread helper. And at
that point it's too late to grab the work environment.

Fixes: debb85f4 ("io_uring: factor out grab_env() from defer_prep()")
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

While looking for ->files in ->defer_list, consider that requests there
may actually be links.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

While trying to cancel requests with ->files, it also should look for
requests in ->defer_list, otherwise it might end up hanging a thread.

Cancel all requests in ->defer_list up to the last request there with
matching ->files, that's needed to follow drain ordering semantics.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If we exceed UIO_FASTIOV, we don't handle the transition correctly
between an allocated vec for requests that are queued with IOSQE_ASYNC.
Store the iovec appropriately and re-set it in the iter iov in case
it changed.

Fixes: ff6165b2 ("io_uring: retain iov_iter state over io_read/io_write calls")
Reported-by: Nick Hill <nick@nickhill.org>
Tested-by: Norman Maurer <norman.maurer@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Actually two things that need fixing up here:

- The io_rw_reissue() -EAGAIN retry is explicit to block devices and
  regular files, so don't ever attempt to do that on other types of
  files.

- If we hit -EAGAIN on a nonblock marked file, don't arm poll handler for
  it. It should just complete with -EAGAIN.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Norman Maurer <norman.maurer@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

While io_sqe_file_register() failed in __io_sqe_files_update(),
table->files[i] still point to the original file which may freed
soon, and that will trigger use-after-free problems.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: f3bd9dae ("io_uring: fix memleak in __io_sqe_files_update()")
Signed-off-by: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Index here is already the position of the file in fixed_file_table, we
should not use io_file_from_index() again to get it. Otherwise, the
wrong file which still in use may be released unexpectedly.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.6
Fixes: 05f3fb3c ("io_uring: avoid ring quiesce for fixed file set unregister and update")
Signed-off-by: Jiufei Xue <jiufei.xue@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

These events happen inline from submission, so there's no need to
bounce them through the original task. Just set them up for retry
and issue retry directly instead of going over task_work.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This normally isn't hit, as polling is mostly done on NVMe with deep
queue depths. But if we do run into request starvation, we need to
ensure that retries are properly serialized.
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Make sure we clear req->result, which was set to -EAGAIN for retry
purposes, when moving it to the reissue list. Otherwise we can end up
retrying a request more than once, which leads to weird results in
the io-wq handling (and other spots).

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

The man page for io_uring generally claims were consistent with what
preadv2 and pwritev2 accept, but turns out there's a slight discrepancy
in how offset == -1 is handled for pipes/streams. preadv doesn't allow
it, but preadv2 does. This currently causes io_uring to return -EINVAL
if that is attempted, but we should allow that as documented.

This change makes us consistent with preadv2/pwritev2 for just passing
in a NULL ppos for streams if the offset is -1.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Reported-by: Benedikt Ames <wisp3rwind@posteo.eu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

We need to call kiocb_done() for any ret < 0 to ensure that we always
get the proper -ERESTARTSYS (and friends) transformation done.

At some point this should be tied into general error handling, so we
can get rid of the various (mostly network) related commands that check
and perform this substitution.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

There's no point in using the poll handler if we can't do a nonblocking
IO attempt of the operation, since we'll need to go async anyway. In
fact this is actively harmful, as reading from eg pipes won't return 0
to indicate EOF.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Reported-by: Benedikt Ames <wisp3rwind@posteo.eu>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

We do the initial accounting of locked_vm and pinned_vm before we have
setup ctx->sqo_mm, which means we can end up having not accounted the
memory at setup time, but still decrement it when we exit. This causes
an imbalance in the accounting.

Setup ctx->sqo_mm earlier in io_uring_create(), before we do the first
accounting of mm->{locked,pinned}_vm. This also unifies the state
grabbing for the ctx, and eliminates a failure case in
io_sq_offload_start().

Fixes: f74441e6 ("io_uring: account locked memory before potential error case")
Reported-by: Robert M. Muncrief <rmuncrief@humanavance.com>
Reported-by: Niklas Schnelle <schnelle@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Niklas Schnelle <schnelle@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Robert M. Muncrief <rmuncrief@humanavance.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Some consumers of the iov_iter will return an error, but still have
bytes consumed in the iterator. This is an issue for -EAGAIN, since we
rely on a sane iov_iter state across retries.

Fix this by ensuring that we revert consumed bytes, if any, if the file
operations have consumed any bytes from iterator. This is similar to what
generic_file_read_iter() does, and is always safe as we have the previous
bytes count handy already.

Fixes: ff6165b2 ("io_uring: retain iov_iter state over io_read/io_write calls")
Reported-by: Dmitry Shulyak <yashulyak@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Don't forget to update wqe->hash_tail after cancelling a pending work
item, if it was hashed.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.7+
Reported-by: Dmitry Shulyak <yashulyak@gmail.com>
Fixes: 86f3cd1b ("io-wq: handle hashed writes in chains")
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If an application is doing reads on signalfd, and we arm the poll handler
because there's no data available, then the wakeup can recurse on the
tasks sighand->siglock as the signal delivery from task_work_add() will
use TWA_SIGNAL and that attempts to lock it again.

We can detect the signalfd case pretty easily by comparing the poll->head
wait_queue_head_t with the target task signalfd wait queue. Just use
normal task wakeup for this case.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

If io_import_iovec() returns an error, return iovec is undefined and
must not be used, so don't set it to NULL when failing.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

kfree() handles NULL pointers well, but io_{read,write}() checks it
because of performance reasons. Leave a comment there for those who are
tempted to patch it.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Setting and clearing REQ_F_OVERFLOW in io_uring_cancel_files() and
io_cqring_overflow_flush() are racy, because they might be called
asynchronously.

REQ_F_OVERFLOW flag in only needed for files cancellation, so if it can
be guaranteed that requests _currently_ marked inflight can't be
overflown, the problem will be solved with removing the flag
altogether.

That's how the patch works, it removes inflight status of a request
in io_cqring_fill_event() whenever it should be thrown into CQ-overflow
list. That's Ok to do, because no opcode specific handling can be done
after io_cqring_fill_event(), the same assumption as with "struct
io_completion" patches.
And it already have a good place for such cleanups, which is
io_clean_op(). A nice side effect of this is removing this inflight
check from the hot path.

note on synchronisation: now __io_cqring_fill_event() may be taking two
spinlocks simultaneously, completion_lock and inflight_lock. It's fine,
because we never do that in reverse order, and CQ-overflow of inflight
requests shouldn't happen often.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

We currently use system_wq, which is unbounded in terms of number of
workers. This means that if we're exiting tons of rings at the same
time, then we'll briefly spawn tons of event kworkers just for a very
short blocking time as the rings exit.

Use system_unbound_wq instead, which has a sane cap on the concurrency
level.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

io_rw_prep_async() goes through a dance of clearing req->io, calling
the iovec import, then re-setting req->io. Provide an internal helper
that does the right thing without needing state tweaked to get there.

This enables further cleanups in io_read, io_write, and
io_resubmit_prep(), but that's left for another time.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

The 5.9 merge moved this function io_uring, which means that we don't
need to retain the generic nature of it. Clean up this part by removing
redundant checks, and just inlining the small remainder in
io_rw_should_retry().

No functional changes in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Commit f254ac04 ("io_uring: enable lookup of links holding inflight files")
only handled 2 out of the three head link cases we have, we also need to
lookup and cancel work that is blocked in io-wq if that work has a link
that's holding a reference to the files structure.

Put the "cancel head links that hold this request pending" logic into
io_attempt_cancel(), which will to through the motions of finding and
canceling head links that hold the current inflight files stable request
pending.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Pavel Begunkov <asml.silence@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull io_uring fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A few differerent things in here.

  Seems like syzbot got some more io_uring bits wired up, and we got a
  handful of reports and the associated fixes are in here.

  General fixes too, and a lot of them marked for stable.

  Lastly, a bit of fallout from the async buffered reads, where we now
  more easily trigger short reads. Some applications don't really like
  that, so the io_read() code now handles short reads internally, and
  got a cleanup along the way so that it's now easier to read (and
  documented). We're now passing tests that failed before"

* tag 'io_uring-5.9-2020-08-15' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  io_uring: short circuit -EAGAIN for blocking read attempt
  io_uring: sanitize double poll handling
  io_uring: internally retry short reads
  io_uring: retain iov_iter state over io_read/io_write calls
  task_work: only grab task signal lock when needed
  io_uring: enable lookup of links holding inflight files
  io_uring: fail poll arm on queue proc failure
  io_uring: hold 'ctx' reference around task_work queue + execute
  fs: RWF_NOWAIT should imply IOCB_NOIO
  io_uring: defer file table grabbing request cleanup for locked requests
  io_uring: add missing REQ_F_COMP_LOCKED for nested requests
  io_uring: fix recursive completion locking on oveflow flush
  io_uring: use TWA_SIGNAL for task_work uncondtionally
  io_uring: account locked memory before potential error case
  io_uring: set ctx sq/cq entry count earlier
  io_uring: Fix NULL pointer dereference in loop_rw_iter()
  io_uring: add comments on how the async buffered read retry works
  io_uring: io_async_buf_func() need not test page bit

Commit 1355c31e ("asm-generic: pgalloc: provide generic pmd_alloc_one()
and pmd_free_one()") converted parisc to use generic version of
pmd_alloc_one() but it missed the fact that parisc uses order-1 pages for
PMD.

Restore the original version of pmd_alloc_one() for parisc, just use
GFP_PGTABLE_KERNEL that implies __GFP_ZERO instead of GFP_KERNEL and
memset.

Fixes: 1355c31e ("asm-generic: pgalloc: provide generic pmd_alloc_one() and pmd_free_one()")
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9f2b5ebd-e4a4-0fa1-6cd3-4b9f6892d1ad@linux.eeSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A few fixes on the block side of things:

   - Discard granularity fix (Coly)

   - rnbd cleanups (Guoqing)

   - md error handling fix (Dan)

   - md sysfs fix (Junxiao)

   - Fix flush request accounting, which caused an IO slowdown for some
     configurations (Ming)

   - Properly propagate loop flag for partition scanning (Lennart)"

* tag 'block-5.9-2020-08-14' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  block: fix double account of flush request's driver tag
  loop: unset GENHD_FL_NO_PART_SCAN on LOOP_CONFIGURE
  rnbd: no need to set bi_end_io in rnbd_bio_map_kern
  rnbd: remove rnbd_dev_submit_io
  md-cluster: Fix potential error pointer dereference in resize_bitmaps()
  block: check queue's limits.discard_granularity in __blkdev_issue_discard()
  md: get sysfs entry after redundancy attr group create

Pull RISC-V fix from Palmer Dabbelt:
 "I collected a single fix during the merge window: we managed to break
  the early trap setup on !MMU, this fixes it"

* tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.9-mw1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux:
  riscv: Setup exception vector for nommu platform