- 21 Feb, 2018 17 commits
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Josh Poimboeuf authored
Convert init_kernel_text() to a global function and use it in a few places instead of manually comparing _sinittext and _einittext. Note that kallsyms.h has a very similar function called is_kernel_inittext(), but its end check is inclusive. I'm not sure whether that's intentional behavior, so I didn't touch it. Suggested-by:
Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com> Signed-off-by:
Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by:
Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by:
Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4335d02be8d45ca7d265d2f174251d0b7ee6c5fd.1519051220.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Josh Poimboeuf authored
Currently when the jump label code encounters an address which isn't recognized by kernel_text_address(), it just silently fails. This can be dangerous because jump labels are used in a variety of places, and are generally expected to work. Convert the silent failure to a warning. This won't warn about attempted writes to tracepoints in __init code after initmem has been freed, as those are already guarded by the entry->code check. Signed-off-by:
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Josh Poimboeuf authored
After initmem has been freed, any jump labels in __init code are prevented from being written to by the kernel_text_address() check in __jump_label_update(). However, this check is quite broad. If kernel_text_address() were to return false for any other reason, the jump label write would fail silently with no warning. For jump labels in module init code, entry->code is set to zero to indicate that the entry is disabled. Do the same thing for core kernel init code. This makes the behavior more consistent, and will also make it more straightforward to detect non-init jump label write failures in the next patch. Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Open-code the two instances which called switch_to_thread_stack(). This allows us to remove the wrapper around DO_SWITCH_TO_THREAD_STACK. While at it, update the UNWIND hint to reflect where the IRET frame is, and update the commentary to reflect what we are actually doing here. Signed-off-by:
Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net> Acked-by:
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: dan.j.williams@intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180220210113.6725-7-linux@dominikbrodowski.netSigned-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Moving ASM_CLAC to interrupt_entry means two instructions (addq / pushq and call interrupt_entry) are not covered by it. However, it offers a noticeable size reduction (-.2k): text data bss dec hex filename 16882 0 0 16882 41f2 entry_64.o-orig 16623 0 0 16623 40ef entry_64.o Suggested-by:
Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
It is now trivial to call interrupt_entry() and then the actual worker. Therefore, remove the interrupt macro and open code it all. Suggested-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
We can also move the CLD, SWAPGS, and the switch_to_thread_stack() call to the interrupt_entry() helper function. As we do not want call depths of two, convert switch_to_thread_stack() to a macro. However, switch_to_thread_stack() has another user in entry_64_compat.S, which currently expects it to be a function. To keep the code changes in this patch minimal, create a wrapper function. The switch to a macro means that there is some binary code duplication if CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y is enabled. Therefore, the size reduction differs whether CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION is enabled or not: CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=y (-0.13k): text data bss dec hex filename 17158 0 0 17158 4306 entry_64.o-orig 17028 0 0 17028 4284 entry_64.o CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION=n (-0.27k): text data bss dec hex filename 17158 0 0 17158 4306 entry_64.o-orig 16882 0 0 16882 41f2 entry_64.o Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Moving the switch to IRQ stack from the interrupt macro to the helper function requires some trickery: All ENTER_IRQ_STACK really cares about is where the "original" stack -- meaning the GP registers etc. -- is stored. Therefore, we need to offset the stored RSP value by 8 whenever ENTER_IRQ_STACK is called from within a function. In such cases, and after switching to the IRQ stack, we need to push the "original" return address (i.e. the return address from the call to the interrupt entry function) to the IRQ stack. This trickery allows us to carve another .85k from the text size (it would be more except for the additional unwind hints): text data bss dec hex filename 18006 0 0 18006 4656 entry_64.o-orig 17158 0 0 17158 4306 entry_64.o Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
The PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS macro is able to insert the GP registers "above" the original return address. This allows us to move a sizeable part of the interrupt entry macro to an interrupt entry helper function: text data bss dec hex filename 21088 0 0 21088 5260 entry_64.o-orig 18006 0 0 18006 4656 entry_64.o Suggested-by:
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Ingo Molnar authored
firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_*() recently started using preempt_enable()/disable(), but those are relatively high level primitives and cause build failures on some 32-bit builds. Since we want to keep <asm/nospec-branch.h> low level, convert them to macros to avoid header hell... Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: arjan.van.de.ven@intel.com Cc: bp@alien8.de Cc: dave.hansen@intel.com Cc: jmattson@google.com Cc: karahmed@amazon.de Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org Cc: pbonzini@redhat.com Cc: rkrcmar@redhat.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: -
Peter Zijlstra authored
David allowed retpolines in .init.text, except for modules, which will trip up objtool retpoline validation, fix that. Requested-by:
David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
David requested a objtool validation pass for CONFIG_RETPOLINE=y enabled builds, where it validates no unannotated indirect jumps or calls are left. Add an additional .discard.retpoline_safe section to allow annotating the few indirect sites that are required and safe. Requested-by:
David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Acked-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Use the existing global variables instead of passing them around and creating duplicate global variables. Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
This is boot code and thus Spectre-safe: we run this _way_ before userspace comes along to have a chance to poison our branch predictor. Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
The objtool retpoline validation found this indirect jump. Seeing how it's on CPU bringup before we run userspace it should be safe, annotate it. Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Paravirt emits indirect calls which get flagged by objtool retpoline checks, annotate it away because all these indirect calls will be patched out before we start userspace. This patching happens through alternative_instructions() -> apply_paravirt() -> pv_init_ops.patch() which will eventually end up in paravirt_patch_default(). This function _will_ write direct alternatives. Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Annotate the indirect calls/jumps in the CALL_NOSPEC/JUMP_NOSPEC alternatives. Signed-off-by:
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- 20 Feb, 2018 9 commits
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David Woodhouse authored
Signed-off-by:
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David Woodhouse authored
Retpoline means the kernel is safe because it has no indirect branches. But firmware isn't, so use IBRS for firmware calls if it's available. Block preemption while IBRS is set, although in practice the call sites already had to be doing that. Ignore hpwdt.c for now. It's taking spinlocks and calling into firmware code, from an NMI handler. I don't want to touch that with a bargepole. Signed-off-by:
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David Woodhouse authored
This reverts commit 1dde7415. By putting the RSB filling out of line and calling it, we waste one RSB slot for returning from the function itself, which means one fewer actual function call we can make if we're doing the Skylake abomination of call-depth counting. It also changed the number of RSB stuffings we do on vmexit from 32, which was correct, to 16. Let's just stop with the bikeshedding; it didn't actually *fix* anything anyway. Signed-off-by:
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Jan Beulich authored
Omitting suffixes from instructions in AT&T mode is bad practice when operand size cannot be determined by the assembler from register operands, and is likely going to be warned about by upstream GAS in the future (mine does already). Add the single missing suffix here. Signed-off-by:
Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Acked-by:
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Jan Beulich authored
BUG() doesn't always imply "no return", and hence should be followed by a return statement even if that's obviously (to a human) unreachable. Signed-off-by:
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Jan Beulich authored
Constants wider than 32 bits should be tagged with ULL. Signed-off-by:
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Jan Beulich authored
Commit: df340524 ("x86/asm: Add suffix macro for GEN_*_RMWcc()") ... introduced "suffix" RMWcc operations, adding bogus clobber specifiers: For one, on x86 there's no point explicitly clobbering "cc". In fact, with GCC properly fixed, this results in an overlap being detected by the compiler between outputs and clobbers. Furthermore it seems bad practice to me to have clobber specification and use of the clobbered register(s) disconnected - it should rather be at the invocation place of that GEN_{UN,BIN}ARY_SUFFIXED_RMWcc() macros that the clobber is specified which this particular invocation needs. Drop the "cc" clobber altogether and move the "cx" one to refcount.h. Signed-off-by:
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Jann Horn authored
This comment referred to a conditional call to kmemcheck_hide() that was here until commit 49502766 ("kmemcheck: remove annotations"). Now that kmemcheck has been removed, it doesn't make sense anymore. Signed-off-by:
Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Acked-by:
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Jan Beulich authored
Just like pte_{set,clear}_flags() their PMD and PUD counterparts should not do any address translation. This was outright wrong under Xen (causing a dead boot with no useful output on "suitable" systems), and produced needlessly more complicated code (even if just slightly) when paravirt was enabled. Signed-off-by:Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Acked-by:
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- 17 Feb, 2018 8 commits
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Dominik Brodowski authored
On some x86 CPU microarchitectures using 'xorq' to clear general-purpose registers is slower than 'xorl'. As 'xorl' is sufficient to clear all 64 bits of these registers due to zero-extension [*], switch the x86 64-bit entry code to use 'xorl'. No change in functionality and no change in code size. [*] According to Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture Software Developer's Manual, section 3.4.1.1, the result of 32-bit operands are "zero- extended to a 64-bit result in the destination general-purpose register." The AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 3, Appendix B.1, describes the same behaviour. Suggested-by:Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Play a little trick in the generic PUSH_AND_CLEAR_REGS macro to insert the GP registers "above" the original return address. This allows us to (re-)insert the macro in error_entry() and paranoid_entry() and to remove it from the idtentry macro. This reduces the static footprint significantly: text data bss dec hex filename 24307 0 0 24307 5ef3 entry_64.o-orig 20987 0 0 20987 51fb entry_64.o Co-developed-by:
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Borislav Petkov authored
With some microcode upgrades, new CPUID features can become visible on the CPU. Check what the kernel has mirrored now and issue a warning hinting at possible things the user/admin can do to make use of the newly visible features. Originally-by:
Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com> Tested-by:
Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Reviewed-by:
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Borislav Petkov authored
Add a callback function which the microcode loader calls when microcode has been updated to a newer revision. Do the callback only when no error was encountered during loading. Tested-by:
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Borislav Petkov authored
... so that callers can know when microcode was updated and act accordingly. Tested-by:
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Dan Williams authored
The nospec.h header expects the per-architecture header file <asm/barrier.h> to optionally define array_index_mask_nospec(). Include that dependency to prevent inadvertent fallback to the default array_index_mask_nospec() implementation. The default implementation may not provide a full mitigation on architectures that perform data value speculation. Reported-by:
Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/151881605404.17395.1341935530792574707.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.comSigned-off-by:
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Rasmus Villemoes authored
The last expression in a statement expression need not be a bare variable, quoting gcc docs The last thing in the compound statement should be an expression followed by a semicolon; the value of this subexpression serves as the value of the entire construct. and we already use that in e.g. the min/max macros which end with a ternary expression. This way, we can allow index to have const-qualified type, which will in some cases avoid the need for introducing a local copy of index of non-const qualified type. That, in turn, can prevent readers not familiar with the internals of array_index_nospec from wondering about the seemingly redundant extra variable, and I think that's worthwhile considering how confusing the whole _nospec business is. The expression _i&_mask has type unsigned long (since that is the type of _mask, and the BUILD_BUG_ONs guarantee that _i will get promoted to that), so in order not to change the type of the whole expression, add a cast back to typeof(_i). Signed-off-by:
Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by:
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Dan Williams authored
There are multiple problems with the dynamic sanity checking in array_index_nospec_mask_check(): * It causes unnecessary overhead in the 32-bit case since integer sized @index values will no longer cause the check to be compiled away like in the 64-bit case. * In the 32-bit case it may trigger with user controllable input when the expectation is that should only trigger during development of new kernel enabling. * The macro reuses the input parameter in multiple locations which is broken if someone passes an expression like 'index++' to array_index_nospec(). Reported-by:
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- 15 Feb, 2018 6 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tipLinus Torvalds authored
Pull x86 PTI and Spectre related fixes and updates from Ingo Molnar: "Here's the latest set of Spectre and PTI related fixes and updates: Spectre: - Add entry code register clearing to reduce the Spectre attack surface - Update the Spectre microcode blacklist - Inline the KVM Spectre helpers to get close to v4.14 performance again. - Fix indirect_branch_prediction_barrier() - Fix/improve Spectre related kernel messages - Fix array_index_nospec_mask() asm constraint - KVM: fix two MSR handling bugs PTI: - Fix a paranoid entry PTI CR3 handling bug - Fix comments objtool: - Fix paranoid_entry() frame pointer warning - Annotate WARN()-related UD2 as reachable - Various fixes - Add Add Peter Zijlstra as objtool co-maintainer Misc: - Various x86 entry code self-test fixes - Improve/simplify entry code stack frame generation and handling after recent heavy-handed PTI and Spectre changes. (There's two more WIP improvements expected here.) - Type fix for cache entries There's also some low risk non-fix changes I've included in this branch to reduce backporting conflicts: - rename a confusing x86_cpu field name - de-obfuscate the naming of single-TLB flushing primitives" * 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (41 commits) x86/entry/64: Fix CR3 restore in paranoid_exit() x86/cpu: Change type of x86_cache_size variable to unsigned int x86/spectre: Fix an error message x86/cpu: Rename cpu_data.x86_mask to cpu_data.x86_stepping selftests/x86/mpx: Fix incorrect bounds with old _sigfault x86/mm: Rename flush_tlb_single() and flush_tlb_one() to __flush_tlb_one_[user|kernel]() x86/speculation: Add <asm/msr-index.h> dependency nospec: Move array_index_nospec() parameter checking into separate macro x86/speculation: Fix up array_index_nospec_mask() asm constraint x86/debug: Use UD2 for WARN() x86/debug, objtool: Annotate WARN()-related UD2 as reachable objtool: Fix segfault in ignore_unreachable_insn() selftests/x86: Disable tests requiring 32-bit support on pure 64-bit systems selftests/x86: Do not rely on "int $0x80" in single_step_syscall.c selftests/x86: Do not rely on "int $0x80" in test_mremap_vdso.c selftests/x86: Fix build bug caused by the 5lvl test which has been moved to the VM directory selftests/x86/pkeys: Remove unused functions selftests/x86: Clean up and document sscanf() usage selftests/x86: Fix vDSO selftest segfault for vsyscall=none x86/entry/64: Remove the unused 'icebp' macro ... -
Ingo Molnar authored
Josh Poimboeuf noticed the following bug: "The paranoid exit code only restores the saved CR3 when it switches back to the user GS. However, even in the kernel GS case, it's possible that it needs to restore a user CR3, if for example, the paranoid exception occurred in the syscall exit path between SWITCH_TO_USER_CR3_STACK and SWAPGS." Josh also confirmed via targeted testing that it's possible to hit this bug. Fix the bug by also restoring CR3 in the paranoid_exit_no_swapgs branch. The reason we haven't seen this bug reported by users yet is probably because "paranoid" entry points are limited to the following cases: idtentry double_fault do_double_fault has_error_code=1 paranoid=2 idtentry debug do_debug has_error_code=0 paranoid=1 shift_ist=DEBUG_STACK idtentry int3 do_int3 has_error_code=0 paranoid=1 shift_ist=DEBUG_STACK idtentry machine_check do_mce has_error_code=0 paranoid=1 Amongst those entry points only machine_check is one that will interrupt an IRQS-off critical section asynchronously - and machine check events are rare. The other main asynchronous entries are NMI entries, which can be very high-freq with perf profiling, but they are special: they don't use the 'idtentry' macro but are open coded and restore user CR3 unconditionally so don't have this bug. Reported-and-tested-by:
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Acked-by:
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Gustavo A. R. Silva authored
Currently, x86_cache_size is of type int, which makes no sense as we will never have a valid cache size equal or less than 0. So instead of initializing this variable to -1, it can perfectly be initialized to 0 and use it as an unsigned variable instead. Suggested-by:
Gustavo A. R. Silva <garsilva@embeddedor.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Addresses-Coverity-ID: 1464429 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180213192208.GA26414@embeddedor.comSigned-off-by:
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Dan Carpenter authored
If i == ARRAY_SIZE(mitigation_options) then we accidentally print garbage from one space beyond the end of the mitigation_options[] array. Signed-off-by:
Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: kernel-janitors@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 9005c683 ("x86/spectre: Simplify spectre_v2 command line parsing") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180214071416.GA26677@mwandaSigned-off-by:
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Jia Zhang authored
x86_mask is a confusing name which is hard to associate with the processor's stepping. Additionally, correct an indent issue in lib/cpu.c. Signed-off-by:
Jia Zhang <qianyue.zj@alibaba-inc.com> [ Updated it to more recent kernels. ] Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: bp@alien8.de Cc: tony.luck@intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1514771530-70829-1-git-send-email-qianyue.zj@alibaba-inc.comSigned-off-by:
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Rui Wang authored
For distributions with old userspace header files, the _sigfault structure is different. mpx-mini-test fails with the following error: [root@Purley]# mpx-mini-test_64 tabletest XSAVE is supported by HW & OS XSAVE processor supported state mask: 0x2ff XSAVE OS supported state mask: 0x2ff BNDREGS: size: 64 user: 1 supervisor: 0 aligned: 0 BNDCSR: size: 64 user: 1 supervisor: 0 aligned: 0 starting mpx bounds table test ERROR: siginfo bounds do not match shadow bounds for register 0 Fix it by using the correct offset of _lower/_upper in _sigfault. RHEL needs this patch to work. Signed-off-by:Rui Wang <rui.y.wang@intel.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: dave.hansen@linux.intel.com Fixes: e754aedc ("x86/mpx, selftests: Add MPX self test") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1513586050-1641-1-git-send-email-rui.y.wang@intel.comSigned-off-by:
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