log0log.cc

/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 2009, Google Inc.
Copyright (c) 2014, 2021, MariaDB Corporation.

Portions of this file contain modifications contributed and copyrighted by
Google, Inc. Those modifications are gratefully acknowledged and are described
briefly in the InnoDB documentation. The contributions by Google are
incorporated with their permission, and subject to the conditions contained in
the file COPYING.Google.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335 USA

*****************************************************************************/

/**************************************************//**
@file log/log0log.cc
Database log

Created 12/9/1995 Heikki Tuuri
*******************************************************/

#include "univ.i"
#include <debug_sync.h>
#include <my_service_manager.h>

#include "log0log.h"
#include "log0crypt.h"
#include "buf0buf.h"
#include "buf0flu.h"
#include "lock0lock.h"
#include "log0recv.h"
#include "fil0fil.h"
#include "dict0stats_bg.h"
#include "btr0defragment.h"
#include "srv0srv.h"
#include "srv0start.h"
#include "trx0sys.h"
#include "trx0trx.h"
#include "trx0roll.h"
#include "srv0mon.h"
#include "sync0sync.h"
#include "buf0dump.h"
#include "log0sync.h"

/*
General philosophy of InnoDB redo-logs:

Every change to a contents of a data page must be done
through mtr_t, and mtr_t::commit() will write log records
to the InnoDB redo log. */

/** Redo log system */
log_t	log_sys;

/* A margin for free space in the log buffer before a log entry is catenated */
#define LOG_BUF_WRITE_MARGIN	(4 * OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE)

/* Margins for free space in the log buffer after a log entry is catenated */
#define LOG_BUF_FLUSH_RATIO	2
#define LOG_BUF_FLUSH_MARGIN	(LOG_BUF_WRITE_MARGIN		\
				 + (4U << srv_page_size_shift))

/** Extends the log buffer.
@param[in]	len	requested minimum size in bytes */
void log_buffer_extend(ulong len)
{
	const size_t new_buf_size = ut_calc_align(len, srv_page_size);
	byte* new_buf = static_cast<byte*>
		(ut_malloc_dontdump(new_buf_size, PSI_INSTRUMENT_ME));
	byte* new_flush_buf = static_cast<byte*>
		(ut_malloc_dontdump(new_buf_size, PSI_INSTRUMENT_ME));

	mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

	if (len <= srv_log_buffer_size) {
		/* Already extended enough by the others */
		mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
		ut_free_dodump(new_buf, new_buf_size);
		ut_free_dodump(new_flush_buf, new_buf_size);
		return;
	}

	ib::warn() << "The redo log transaction size " << len <<
		" exceeds innodb_log_buffer_size="
		<< srv_log_buffer_size << " / 2). Trying to extend it.";

	byte* old_buf = log_sys.buf;
	byte* old_flush_buf = log_sys.flush_buf;
	const ulong old_buf_size = srv_log_buffer_size;
	srv_log_buffer_size = static_cast<ulong>(new_buf_size);
	log_sys.buf = new_buf;
	log_sys.flush_buf = new_flush_buf;
	memcpy_aligned<OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE>(new_buf, old_buf,
					       log_sys.buf_free);

	log_sys.max_buf_free = new_buf_size / LOG_BUF_FLUSH_RATIO
		- LOG_BUF_FLUSH_MARGIN;

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

	ut_free_dodump(old_buf, old_buf_size);
	ut_free_dodump(old_flush_buf, old_buf_size);

	ib::info() << "innodb_log_buffer_size was extended to "
		<< new_buf_size << ".";
}

/** Calculate the recommended highest values for lsn - last_checkpoint_lsn
and lsn - buf_pool.get_oldest_modification().
@param[in]	file_size	requested innodb_log_file_size
@retval true on success
@retval false if the smallest log group is too small to
accommodate the number of OS threads in the database server */
bool
log_set_capacity(ulonglong file_size)
{
	/* Margin for the free space in the smallest log, before a new query
	step which modifies the database, is started */
	const size_t LOG_CHECKPOINT_FREE_PER_THREAD = 4U
						      << srv_page_size_shift;
	const size_t LOG_CHECKPOINT_EXTRA_FREE = 8U << srv_page_size_shift;

	lsn_t		margin;
	ulint		free;

	lsn_t smallest_capacity = file_size - LOG_FILE_HDR_SIZE;
	/* Add extra safety */
	smallest_capacity -= smallest_capacity / 10;

	/* For each OS thread we must reserve so much free space in the
	smallest log group that it can accommodate the log entries produced
	by single query steps: running out of free log space is a serious
	system error which requires rebooting the database. */

	free = LOG_CHECKPOINT_FREE_PER_THREAD * 10
		+ LOG_CHECKPOINT_EXTRA_FREE;
	if (free >= smallest_capacity / 2) {
		ib::error() << "Cannot continue operation because log file is "
			       "too small. Increase innodb_log_file_size "
			       "or decrease innodb_thread_concurrency. "
			    << INNODB_PARAMETERS_MSG;
		return false;
	}

	margin = smallest_capacity - free;
	margin = margin - margin / 10;	/* Add still some extra safety */

	mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

	log_sys.log_capacity = smallest_capacity;

	log_sys.max_modified_age_async = margin - margin / 8;
	log_sys.max_checkpoint_age = margin;

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

	return(true);
}

/** Initialize the redo log subsystem. */
void log_t::create()
{
  ut_ad(this == &log_sys);
  ut_ad(!is_initialised());
  m_initialised= true;

  mysql_mutex_init(log_sys_mutex_key, &mutex, nullptr);
  mysql_mutex_init(log_flush_order_mutex_key, &flush_order_mutex, nullptr);

  /* Start the lsn from one log block from zero: this way every
  log record has a non-zero start lsn, a fact which we will use */

  set_lsn(LOG_START_LSN + LOG_BLOCK_HDR_SIZE);
  set_flushed_lsn(LOG_START_LSN + LOG_BLOCK_HDR_SIZE);

  ut_ad(srv_log_buffer_size >= 16 * OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);
  ut_ad(srv_log_buffer_size >= 4U << srv_page_size_shift);

  buf= static_cast<byte*>(ut_malloc_dontdump(srv_log_buffer_size,
                                             PSI_INSTRUMENT_ME));
  TRASH_ALLOC(buf, srv_log_buffer_size);
  flush_buf= static_cast<byte*>(ut_malloc_dontdump(srv_log_buffer_size,
                                                   PSI_INSTRUMENT_ME));
  TRASH_ALLOC(flush_buf, srv_log_buffer_size);

  max_buf_free= srv_log_buffer_size / LOG_BUF_FLUSH_RATIO -
    LOG_BUF_FLUSH_MARGIN;
  set_check_flush_or_checkpoint();

  n_log_ios_old= n_log_ios;
  last_printout_time= time(NULL);

  buf_next_to_write= 0;
  last_checkpoint_lsn= write_lsn= LOG_START_LSN;
  n_log_ios= 0;
  n_log_ios_old= 0;
  log_capacity= 0;
  max_modified_age_async= 0;
  max_checkpoint_age= 0;
  next_checkpoint_no= 0;
  next_checkpoint_lsn= 0;
  n_pending_checkpoint_writes= 0;

  log_block_init(buf, LOG_START_LSN);
  log_block_set_first_rec_group(buf, LOG_BLOCK_HDR_SIZE);

  buf_free= LOG_BLOCK_HDR_SIZE;
  checkpoint_buf= static_cast<byte*>
    (aligned_malloc(OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE));
}

mapped_file_t::~mapped_file_t() noexcept
{
  if (!m_area.empty())
    unmap();
}

dberr_t mapped_file_t::map(const char *path, bool read_only,
                           bool nvme) noexcept
{
  auto fd= mysql_file_open(innodb_log_file_key, path,
                           read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, MYF(MY_WME));
  if (fd == -1)
    return DB_ERROR;

  const auto file_size= os_file_get_size(path).m_total_size;

  const int nvme_flag= nvme ? MAP_SYNC : 0;
  void *ptr= my_mmap(0, static_cast<size_t>(file_size),
                     read_only ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                     MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE | nvme_flag, fd, 0);
  mysql_file_close(fd, MYF(MY_WME));

  if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
    return DB_ERROR;

  m_area= {static_cast<byte *>(ptr),
           static_cast<span<byte>::size_type>(file_size)};
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

dberr_t mapped_file_t::unmap() noexcept
{
  ut_ad(!m_area.empty());

  if (my_munmap(m_area.data(), m_area.size()))
    return DB_ERROR;

  m_area= {};
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

file_os_io::file_os_io(file_os_io &&rhs) : m_fd(rhs.m_fd)
{
  rhs.m_fd= OS_FILE_CLOSED;
}

file_os_io &file_os_io::operator=(file_os_io &&rhs)
{
  std::swap(m_fd, rhs.m_fd);
  return *this;
}

file_os_io::~file_os_io() noexcept
{
  if (is_opened())
    close();
}

dberr_t file_os_io::open(const char *path, bool read_only) noexcept
{
  ut_ad(!is_opened());

  bool success;
  auto tmp_fd= os_file_create(
      innodb_log_file_key, path, OS_FILE_OPEN | OS_FILE_ON_ERROR_NO_EXIT,
      OS_FILE_NORMAL, OS_LOG_FILE, read_only, &success);
  if (!success)
    return DB_ERROR;

  m_durable_writes= srv_file_flush_method == SRV_O_DSYNC;
  m_fd= tmp_fd;
  return success ? DB_SUCCESS : DB_ERROR;
}

dberr_t file_os_io::rename(const char *old_path, const char *new_path) noexcept
{
  return os_file_rename(innodb_log_file_key, old_path, new_path) ? DB_SUCCESS
                                                                 : DB_ERROR;
}

dberr_t file_os_io::close() noexcept
{
  if (!os_file_close(m_fd))
    return DB_ERROR;

  m_fd= OS_FILE_CLOSED;
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

dberr_t file_os_io::read(os_offset_t offset, span<byte> buf) noexcept
{
  return os_file_read(IORequestRead, m_fd, buf.data(), offset, buf.size());
}

dberr_t file_os_io::write(const char *path, os_offset_t offset,
                          span<const byte> buf) noexcept
{
  return os_file_write(IORequestWrite, path, m_fd, buf.data(), offset,
                       buf.size());
}

dberr_t file_os_io::flush() noexcept
{
  return os_file_flush(m_fd) ? DB_SUCCESS : DB_ERROR;
}

#ifdef HAVE_PMEM

#include <libpmem.h>

static bool is_pmem(const char *path) noexcept
{
  mapped_file_t mf;
  return mf.map(path, true, true) == DB_SUCCESS ? true : false;
}

class file_pmem_io final : public file_io
{
public:
  file_pmem_io() noexcept : file_io(true) {}

  dberr_t open(const char *path, bool read_only) noexcept final
  {
    return m_file.map(path, read_only, true);
  }
  dberr_t rename(const char *old_path, const char *new_path) noexcept final
  {
    return os_file_rename(innodb_log_file_key, old_path, new_path) ? DB_SUCCESS
                                                                   : DB_ERROR;
  }
  dberr_t close() noexcept final { return m_file.unmap(); }
  dberr_t read(os_offset_t offset, span<byte> buf) noexcept final
  {
    memcpy(buf.data(), m_file.data() + offset, buf.size());
    return DB_SUCCESS;
  }
  dberr_t write(const char *, os_offset_t offset,
                span<const byte> buf) noexcept final
  {
    pmem_memcpy_persist(m_file.data() + offset, buf.data(), buf.size());
    return DB_SUCCESS;
  }
  dberr_t flush() noexcept final
  {
    ut_ad(0);
    return DB_SUCCESS;
  }

private:
  mapped_file_t m_file;
};
#endif

dberr_t log_file_t::open(bool read_only) noexcept
{
  ut_a(!is_opened());

#ifdef HAVE_PMEM
  auto ptr= is_pmem(m_path.c_str())
                ? std::unique_ptr<file_io>(new file_pmem_io)
                : std::unique_ptr<file_io>(new file_os_io);
#else
  auto ptr= std::unique_ptr<file_io>(new file_os_io);
#endif

  if (dberr_t err= ptr->open(m_path.c_str(), read_only))
    return err;

  m_file= std::move(ptr);
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

bool log_file_t::is_opened() const noexcept
{
  return static_cast<bool>(m_file);
}

dberr_t log_file_t::rename(std::string new_path) noexcept
{
  if (dberr_t err= m_file->rename(m_path.c_str(), new_path.c_str()))
    return err;

  m_path = std::move(new_path);
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

dberr_t log_file_t::close() noexcept
{
  ut_a(is_opened());

  if (dberr_t err= m_file->close())
    return err;

  m_file.reset();
  return DB_SUCCESS;
}

dberr_t log_file_t::read(os_offset_t offset, span<byte> buf) noexcept
{
  ut_ad(is_opened());
  return m_file->read(offset, buf);
}

bool log_file_t::writes_are_durable() const noexcept
{
  return m_file->writes_are_durable();
}

dberr_t log_file_t::write(os_offset_t offset, span<const byte> buf) noexcept
{
  ut_ad(is_opened());
  return m_file->write(m_path.c_str(), offset, buf);
}

dberr_t log_file_t::flush() noexcept
{
  ut_ad(is_opened());
  return m_file->flush();
}

void log_t::file::open_file(std::string path)
{
  fd= log_file_t(std::move(path));
  if (const dberr_t err= fd.open(srv_read_only_mode))
    ib::fatal() << "open(" << fd.get_path() << ") returned " << err;
}

/** Update the log block checksum. */
static void log_block_store_checksum(byte* block)
{
  log_block_set_checksum(block, log_block_calc_checksum_crc32(block));
}

void log_t::file::write_header_durable(lsn_t lsn)
{
  ut_ad(lsn % OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE == 0);
  ut_ad(!recv_no_log_write);
  ut_ad(log_sys.log.format == log_t::FORMAT_10_5 ||
        log_sys.log.format == log_t::FORMAT_ENC_10_5);

  byte *buf= log_sys.checkpoint_buf;
  memset_aligned<OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE>(buf, 0, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);

  mach_write_to_4(buf + LOG_HEADER_FORMAT, log_sys.log.format);
  mach_write_to_4(buf + LOG_HEADER_SUBFORMAT, log_sys.log.subformat);
  mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_HEADER_START_LSN, lsn);
  strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf) + LOG_HEADER_CREATOR,
         LOG_HEADER_CREATOR_CURRENT);
  ut_ad(LOG_HEADER_CREATOR_END - LOG_HEADER_CREATOR >=
        sizeof LOG_HEADER_CREATOR_CURRENT);
  log_block_store_checksum(buf);

  DBUG_PRINT("ib_log", ("write " LSN_PF, lsn));

  log_sys.log.write(0, {buf, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE});
  if (!log_sys.log.writes_are_durable())
    log_sys.log.flush();
}

void log_t::file::read(os_offset_t offset, span<byte> buf)
{
  if (const dberr_t err= fd.read(offset, buf))
    ib::fatal() << "read(" << fd.get_path() << ") returned "<< err;
}

bool log_t::file::writes_are_durable() const noexcept
{
  return fd.writes_are_durable();
}

void log_t::file::write(os_offset_t offset, span<byte> buf)
{
  srv_stats.os_log_pending_writes.inc();
  if (const dberr_t err= fd.write(offset, buf))
    ib::fatal() << "write(" << fd.get_path() << ") returned " << err;
  srv_stats.os_log_pending_writes.dec();
  srv_stats.os_log_written.add(buf.size());
  srv_stats.log_writes.inc();
  log_sys.n_log_ios++;
}

void log_t::file::flush()
{
  log_sys.pending_flushes.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_acquire);
  if (const dberr_t err= fd.flush())
    ib::fatal() << "flush(" << fd.get_path() << ") returned " << err;
  log_sys.pending_flushes.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release);
  log_sys.flushes.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
}

void log_t::file::close_file()
{
  if (fd.is_opened())
  {
    if (const dberr_t err= fd.close())
      ib::fatal() << "close(" << fd.get_path() << ") returned " << err;
  }
  fd.free();                                    // Free path
}

/** Initialize the redo log. */
void log_t::file::create()
{
  ut_ad(this == &log_sys.log);
  ut_ad(log_sys.is_initialised());

  format= srv_encrypt_log ? log_t::FORMAT_ENC_10_5 : log_t::FORMAT_10_5;
  subformat= 2;
  file_size= srv_log_file_size;
  lsn= LOG_START_LSN;
  lsn_offset= LOG_FILE_HDR_SIZE;
}

/******************************************************//**
Writes a buffer to a log file. */
static
void
log_write_buf(
	byte*		buf,		/*!< in: buffer */
	ulint		len,		/*!< in: buffer len; must be divisible
					by OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE */
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
	ulint		pad_len,	/*!< in: pad len in the buffer len */
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
	lsn_t		start_lsn,	/*!< in: start lsn of the buffer; must
					be divisible by
					OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE */
	ulint		new_data_offset)/*!< in: start offset of new data in
					buf: this parameter is used to decide
					if we have to write a new log file
					header */
{
	ulint		write_len;
	lsn_t		next_offset;
	ulint		i;

	ut_ad(log_write_lock_own());
	ut_ad(!recv_no_log_write);
	ut_a(len % OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE == 0);
	ut_a(start_lsn % OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE == 0);

loop:
	if (len == 0) {

		return;
	}

	next_offset = log_sys.log.calc_lsn_offset(start_lsn);

	if ((next_offset % log_sys.log.file_size) + len
	    > log_sys.log.file_size) {
		/* if the above condition holds, then the below expression
		is < len which is ulint, so the typecast is ok */
		write_len = ulint(log_sys.log.file_size
				  - (next_offset % log_sys.log.file_size));
	} else {
		write_len = len;
	}

	DBUG_PRINT("ib_log",
		   ("write " LSN_PF " to " LSN_PF
		    ": len " ULINTPF
		    " blocks " ULINTPF ".." ULINTPF,
		    start_lsn, next_offset,
		    write_len,
		    log_block_get_hdr_no(buf),
		    log_block_get_hdr_no(
			    buf + write_len
			    - OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE)));

	ut_ad(pad_len >= len
	      || log_block_get_hdr_no(buf)
		 == log_block_convert_lsn_to_no(start_lsn));

	/* Calculate the checksums for each log block and write them to
	the trailer fields of the log blocks */

	for (i = 0; i < write_len / OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
		ulint hdr_no_2 = log_block_get_hdr_no(buf) + i;
		DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("innodb_small_log_block_no_limit",
				hdr_no_2 = ((hdr_no_2 - 1) & 0xFUL) + 1;);
#endif
		ut_ad(pad_len >= len
			|| i * OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE >= len - pad_len
			|| log_block_get_hdr_no(buf + i * OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE) == hdr_no_2);
		log_block_store_checksum(buf + i * OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);
	}

	log_sys.log.write(next_offset, {buf, write_len});

	if (write_len < len) {
		start_lsn += write_len;
		len -= write_len;
		buf += write_len;
		goto loop;
	}
}

/** Flush the recently written changes to the log file.
and invoke mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex). */
static void log_write_flush_to_disk_low(lsn_t lsn)
{
  if (!log_sys.log.writes_are_durable())
    log_sys.log.flush();
  ut_a(lsn >= log_sys.get_flushed_lsn());
  log_sys.set_flushed_lsn(lsn);
}

/** Swap log buffers, and copy the content of last block
from old buf to the head of the new buf. Thus, buf_free and
buf_next_to_write would be changed accordingly */
static inline
void
log_buffer_switch()
{
	mysql_mutex_assert_owner(&log_sys.mutex);
	ut_ad(log_write_lock_own());

	size_t		area_end = ut_calc_align<size_t>(
		log_sys.buf_free, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);

	/* Copy the last block to new buf */
	memcpy_aligned<OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE>(
		log_sys.flush_buf,
		log_sys.buf + area_end - OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE,
		OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);

	std::swap(log_sys.buf, log_sys.flush_buf);

	log_sys.buf_free %= OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE;
	log_sys.buf_next_to_write = log_sys.buf_free;
}

/** Invoke commit_checkpoint_notify_ha() to notify that outstanding
log writes have been completed. */
void log_flush_notify(lsn_t flush_lsn);

/**
Writes log buffer to disk
which is the "write" part of log_write_up_to().

This function does not flush anything.

Note : the caller must have log_sys.mutex locked, and this
mutex is released in the function.

*/
static void log_write(bool rotate_key)
{
	mysql_mutex_assert_owner(&log_sys.mutex);
	ut_ad(!recv_no_log_write);
	lsn_t write_lsn;
	if (log_sys.buf_free == log_sys.buf_next_to_write) {
		/* Nothing to write */
		mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
		return;
	}

	ulint		start_offset;
	ulint		end_offset;
	ulint		area_start;
	ulint		area_end;
	ulong		write_ahead_size = srv_log_write_ahead_size;
	ulint		pad_size;

	DBUG_PRINT("ib_log", ("write " LSN_PF " to " LSN_PF,
			      log_sys.write_lsn,
			      log_sys.get_lsn()));


	start_offset = log_sys.buf_next_to_write;
	end_offset = log_sys.buf_free;

	area_start = ut_2pow_round(start_offset,
				   ulint(OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE));
	area_end = ut_calc_align(end_offset, ulint(OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE));

	ut_ad(area_end - area_start > 0);

	log_block_set_flush_bit(log_sys.buf + area_start, TRUE);
	log_block_set_checkpoint_no(
		log_sys.buf + area_end - OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE,
		log_sys.next_checkpoint_no);

	write_lsn = log_sys.get_lsn();
	byte *write_buf = log_sys.buf;

	log_buffer_switch();

	log_sys.log.set_fields(log_sys.write_lsn);

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
	/* Erase the end of the last log block. */
	memset(write_buf + end_offset, 0,
	       ~end_offset & (OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1));

	/* Calculate pad_size if needed. */
	pad_size = 0;
	if (write_ahead_size > OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE) {
		ulint	end_offset_in_unit;
		lsn_t	end_offset = log_sys.log.calc_lsn_offset(
			ut_uint64_align_up(write_lsn, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE));
		end_offset_in_unit = (ulint) (end_offset % write_ahead_size);

		if (end_offset_in_unit > 0
		    && (area_end - area_start) > end_offset_in_unit) {
			/* The first block in the unit was initialized
			after the last writing.
			Needs to be written padded data once. */
			pad_size = std::min<ulint>(
				ulint(write_ahead_size) - end_offset_in_unit,
				srv_log_buffer_size - area_end);
			::memset(write_buf + area_end, 0, pad_size);
		}
	}

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(srv_shutdown_state > SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED)) {
		service_manager_extend_timeout(INNODB_EXTEND_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL,
					       "InnoDB log write: "
					       LSN_PF, log_sys.write_lsn);
	}

	if (log_sys.is_encrypted()) {
		log_crypt(write_buf + area_start, log_sys.write_lsn,
			  area_end - area_start,
			  rotate_key ? LOG_ENCRYPT_ROTATE_KEY : LOG_ENCRYPT);
	}

	/* Do the write to the log file */
	log_write_buf(
		write_buf + area_start, area_end - area_start + pad_size,
#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
		pad_size,
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
		ut_uint64_align_down(log_sys.write_lsn,
				     OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE),
		start_offset - area_start);
	srv_stats.log_padded.add(pad_size);
	log_sys.write_lsn = write_lsn;
	if (log_sys.log.writes_are_durable()) {
		log_sys.set_flushed_lsn(write_lsn);
		log_flush_notify(write_lsn);
	}
	return;
}

static group_commit_lock write_lock;
static group_commit_lock flush_lock;

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
bool log_write_lock_own()
{
  return write_lock.is_owner();
}
#endif

/** Ensure that the log has been written to the log file up to a given
log entry (such as that of a transaction commit). Start a new write, or
wait and check if an already running write is covering the request.
@param[in]	lsn		log sequence number that should be
included in the redo log file write
@param[in]	flush_to_disk	whether the written log should also
be flushed to the file system
@param[in]	rotate_key	whether to rotate the encryption key */
void log_write_up_to(lsn_t lsn, bool flush_to_disk, bool rotate_key)
{
  ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
  ut_ad(!rotate_key || flush_to_disk);
  ut_ad(lsn != LSN_MAX);

  if (recv_no_ibuf_operations)
  {
    /* Recovery is running and no operations on the log files are
    allowed yet (the variable name .._no_ibuf_.. is misleading) */
    return;
  }

  if (flush_to_disk &&
    flush_lock.acquire(lsn) != group_commit_lock::ACQUIRED)
  {
    return;
  }

  if (write_lock.acquire(lsn) == group_commit_lock::ACQUIRED)
  {
    mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);
    lsn_t write_lsn= log_sys.get_lsn();
    write_lock.set_pending(write_lsn);

    log_write(rotate_key);

    ut_a(log_sys.write_lsn == write_lsn);
    write_lock.release(write_lsn);
  }

  if (!flush_to_disk)
  {
    return;
  }

  /* Flush the highest written lsn.*/
  auto flush_lsn = write_lock.value();
  flush_lock.set_pending(flush_lsn);
  log_write_flush_to_disk_low(flush_lsn);
  flush_lock.release(flush_lsn);

  log_flush_notify(flush_lsn);
}

/** Write to the log file up to the last log entry.
@param sync  whether to wait for a durable write to complete */
void log_buffer_flush_to_disk(bool sync)
{
  ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
  log_write_up_to(log_sys.get_lsn(std::memory_order_acquire), sync);
}

/** Prepare to invoke log_write_and_flush(), before acquiring log_sys.mutex. */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD void log_write_and_flush_prepare()
{
  mysql_mutex_assert_not_owner(&log_sys.mutex);

  while (flush_lock.acquire(log_sys.get_lsn() + 1) !=
         group_commit_lock::ACQUIRED);
  while (write_lock.acquire(log_sys.get_lsn() + 1) !=
         group_commit_lock::ACQUIRED);
}

/** Durably write the log and release log_sys.mutex */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD void log_write_and_flush()
{
  ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
  auto lsn= log_sys.get_lsn();
  write_lock.set_pending(lsn);
  log_write(false);
  ut_a(log_sys.write_lsn == lsn);
  write_lock.release(lsn);

  lsn= write_lock.value();
  flush_lock.set_pending(lsn);
  log_write_flush_to_disk_low(lsn);
  flush_lock.release(lsn);
}

/********************************************************************

Tries to establish a big enough margin of free space in the log buffer, such
that a new log entry can be catenated without an immediate need for a flush. */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD static void log_flush_margin()
{
	lsn_t	lsn	= 0;

	mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

	if (log_sys.buf_free > log_sys.max_buf_free) {
		/* We can write during flush */
		lsn = log_sys.get_lsn();
	}

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

	if (lsn) {
		log_write_up_to(lsn, false);
	}
}

/** Write checkpoint info to the log header and release log_sys.mutex.
@param[in]	end_lsn	start LSN of the FILE_CHECKPOINT mini-transaction */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD void log_write_checkpoint_info(lsn_t end_lsn)
{
	ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
	ut_ad(end_lsn == 0 || end_lsn >= log_sys.next_checkpoint_lsn);
	ut_ad(end_lsn <= log_sys.get_lsn());
	ut_ad(end_lsn + SIZE_OF_FILE_CHECKPOINT <= log_sys.get_lsn()
	      || srv_shutdown_state > SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED);

	DBUG_PRINT("ib_log", ("checkpoint " UINT64PF " at " LSN_PF
			      " written",
			      log_sys.next_checkpoint_no,
			      log_sys.next_checkpoint_lsn));

	byte* buf = log_sys.checkpoint_buf;
	memset_aligned<OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE>(buf, 0, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE);

	mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_CHECKPOINT_NO, log_sys.next_checkpoint_no);
	mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_CHECKPOINT_LSN, log_sys.next_checkpoint_lsn);

	if (log_sys.is_encrypted()) {
		log_crypt_write_checkpoint_buf(buf);
	}

	lsn_t lsn_offset
		= log_sys.log.calc_lsn_offset(log_sys.next_checkpoint_lsn);
	mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_CHECKPOINT_OFFSET, lsn_offset);
	mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_CHECKPOINT_LOG_BUF_SIZE,
			srv_log_buffer_size);
	mach_write_to_8(buf + LOG_CHECKPOINT_END_LSN, end_lsn);

	log_block_store_checksum(buf);

	ut_ad(LOG_CHECKPOINT_1 < srv_page_size);
	ut_ad(LOG_CHECKPOINT_2 < srv_page_size);

	++log_sys.n_pending_checkpoint_writes;

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

	/* Note: We alternate the physical place of the checkpoint info.
	See the (next_checkpoint_no & 1) below. */

	log_sys.log.write((log_sys.next_checkpoint_no & 1) ? LOG_CHECKPOINT_2
							   : LOG_CHECKPOINT_1,
			  {buf, OS_FILE_LOG_BLOCK_SIZE});

	log_sys.log.flush();

	mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

	--log_sys.n_pending_checkpoint_writes;
	ut_ad(log_sys.n_pending_checkpoint_writes == 0);

	log_sys.next_checkpoint_no++;

	log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn = log_sys.next_checkpoint_lsn;

	DBUG_PRINT("ib_log", ("checkpoint ended at " LSN_PF
			      ", flushed to " LSN_PF,
			      lsn_t{log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn},
			      log_sys.get_flushed_lsn()));

	MONITOR_INC(MONITOR_NUM_CHECKPOINT);

	DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("crash_after_checkpoint", DBUG_SUICIDE(););

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
}

/****************************************************************//**
Tries to establish a big enough margin of free space in the log, such
that a new log entry can be catenated without an immediate need for a
checkpoint. NOTE: this function may only be called if the calling thread
owns no synchronization objects! */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD static void log_checkpoint_margin()
{
  while (log_sys.check_flush_or_checkpoint())
  {
    mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);
    ut_ad(!recv_no_log_write);

    if (!log_sys.check_flush_or_checkpoint())
    {
func_exit:
      mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
      return;
    }

    const lsn_t lsn= log_sys.get_lsn();
    const lsn_t checkpoint= log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn;
    const lsn_t sync_lsn= checkpoint + log_sys.max_checkpoint_age;
    if (lsn <= sync_lsn)
    {
      log_sys.set_check_flush_or_checkpoint(false);
      goto func_exit;
    }

    mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

    /* We must wait to prevent the tail of the log overwriting the head. */
    buf_flush_wait_flushed(std::min(sync_lsn, checkpoint + (1U << 20)));
    os_thread_sleep(10000); /* Sleep 10ms to avoid a thundering herd */
  }
}

/**
Checks that there is enough free space in the log to start a new query step.
Flushes the log buffer or makes a new checkpoint if necessary. NOTE: this
function may only be called if the calling thread owns no synchronization
objects! */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD void log_check_margins()
{
  do
  {
    log_flush_margin();
    log_checkpoint_margin();
    ut_ad(!recv_no_log_write);
  }
  while (log_sys.check_flush_or_checkpoint());
}

extern void buf_resize_shutdown();

/** Make a checkpoint at the latest lsn on shutdown. */
ATTRIBUTE_COLD void logs_empty_and_mark_files_at_shutdown()
{
	lsn_t			lsn;
	ulint			count = 0;

	ib::info() << "Starting shutdown...";

	/* Wait until the master thread and all other operations are idle: our
	algorithm only works if the server is idle at shutdown */
	bool do_srv_shutdown = false;
	if (srv_master_timer) {
		do_srv_shutdown = srv_fast_shutdown < 2;
		srv_master_timer.reset();
	}

	/* Wait for the end of the buffer resize task.*/
	buf_resize_shutdown();
	dict_stats_shutdown();
	btr_defragment_shutdown();

	srv_shutdown_state = SRV_SHUTDOWN_CLEANUP;

	if (srv_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown &&
		!srv_read_only_mode && srv_fast_shutdown < 2) {
		buf_dump_start();
	}
	srv_monitor_timer.reset();
	lock_sys.timeout_timer.reset();
	if (do_srv_shutdown) {
		srv_shutdown(srv_fast_shutdown == 0);
	}


loop:
	ut_ad(lock_sys.is_initialised() || !srv_was_started);
	ut_ad(log_sys.is_initialised() || !srv_was_started);
	ut_ad(fil_system.is_initialised() || !srv_was_started);

#define COUNT_INTERVAL 600U
#define CHECK_INTERVAL 100000U
	os_thread_sleep(CHECK_INTERVAL);

	count++;

	/* Check that there are no longer transactions, except for
	PREPARED ones. We need this wait even for the 'very fast'
	shutdown, because the InnoDB layer may have committed or
	prepared transactions and we don't want to lose them. */

	if (ulint total_trx = srv_was_started && !srv_read_only_mode
	    && srv_force_recovery < SRV_FORCE_NO_TRX_UNDO
	    ? trx_sys.any_active_transactions() : 0) {

		if (srv_print_verbose_log && count > COUNT_INTERVAL) {
			service_manager_extend_timeout(
				COUNT_INTERVAL * CHECK_INTERVAL/1000000 * 2,
				"Waiting for %lu active transactions to finish",
				(ulong) total_trx);
			ib::info() << "Waiting for " << total_trx << " active"
				<< " transactions to finish";

			count = 0;
		}

		goto loop;
	}

	/* We need these threads to stop early in shutdown. */
	const char* thread_name;

   if (srv_fast_shutdown != 2 && trx_rollback_is_active) {
		thread_name = "rollback of recovered transactions";
	} else {
		thread_name = NULL;
	}

	if (thread_name) {
		ut_ad(!srv_read_only_mode);
wait_suspend_loop:
		service_manager_extend_timeout(
			COUNT_INTERVAL * CHECK_INTERVAL/1000000 * 2,
			"Waiting for %s to exit", thread_name);
		if (srv_print_verbose_log && count > COUNT_INTERVAL) {
			ib::info() << "Waiting for " << thread_name
				   << " to exit";
			count = 0;
		}
		goto loop;
	}

	/* Check that the background threads are suspended */

	ut_ad(!srv_any_background_activity());
	if (srv_n_fil_crypt_threads_started) {
		os_event_set(fil_crypt_threads_event);
		thread_name = "fil_crypt_thread";
		goto wait_suspend_loop;
	}

	if (buf_page_cleaner_is_active) {
		thread_name = "page cleaner thread";
		pthread_cond_signal(&buf_pool.do_flush_list);
		goto wait_suspend_loop;
	}

	buf_load_dump_end();

	if (!buf_pool.is_initialised()) {
		ut_ad(!srv_was_started);
	} else if (ulint pending_io = buf_pool.io_pending()) {
		if (srv_print_verbose_log && count > 600) {
			ib::info() << "Waiting for " << pending_io << " buffer"
				" page I/Os to complete";
			count = 0;
		}

		goto loop;
	} else {
		buf_flush_buffer_pool();
	}

	if (log_sys.is_initialised()) {
		mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);
		const ulint	n_write	= log_sys.n_pending_checkpoint_writes;
		const ulint	n_flush	= log_sys.pending_flushes;
		mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

		if (n_write || n_flush) {
			if (srv_print_verbose_log && count > 600) {
				ib::info() << "Pending checkpoint_writes: "
					<< n_write
					<< ". Pending log flush writes: "
					<< n_flush;
				count = 0;
			}
			goto loop;
		}
	}

	if (srv_fast_shutdown == 2 || !srv_was_started) {
		if (!srv_read_only_mode && srv_was_started) {
			ib::info() << "MySQL has requested a very fast"
				" shutdown without flushing the InnoDB buffer"
				" pool to data files. At the next mysqld"
				" startup InnoDB will do a crash recovery!";

			/* In this fastest shutdown we do not flush the
			buffer pool:

			it is essentially a 'crash' of the InnoDB server.
			Make sure that the log is all flushed to disk, so
			that we can recover all committed transactions in
			a crash recovery. We must not write the lsn stamps
			to the data files, since at a startup InnoDB deduces
			from the stamps if the previous shutdown was clean. */

			log_buffer_flush_to_disk();
		}

		srv_shutdown_state = SRV_SHUTDOWN_LAST_PHASE;
		return;
	}

	if (!srv_read_only_mode) {
		service_manager_extend_timeout(INNODB_EXTEND_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL,
			"ensuring dirty buffer pool are written to log");
		log_make_checkpoint();

		mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

		lsn = log_sys.get_lsn();

		const bool lsn_changed = lsn != log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn
			&& lsn != log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn
			+ SIZE_OF_FILE_CHECKPOINT;
		ut_ad(lsn >= log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn);

		mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);

		if (lsn_changed) {
			goto loop;
		}

		log_sys.log.flush();
	} else {
		lsn = recv_sys.recovered_lsn;
	}

	srv_shutdown_state = SRV_SHUTDOWN_LAST_PHASE;

	/* Make some checks that the server really is quiet */
	ut_ad(!srv_any_background_activity());

	service_manager_extend_timeout(INNODB_EXTEND_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL,
				       "Free innodb buffer pool");
	ut_d(buf_pool.assert_all_freed());

	ut_a(lsn == log_sys.get_lsn()
	     || srv_force_recovery == SRV_FORCE_NO_LOG_REDO);

	if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(lsn < recv_sys.recovered_lsn)) {
		ib::error() << "Shutdown LSN=" << lsn
			    << " is less than start LSN="
			    << recv_sys.recovered_lsn;
	}

	srv_shutdown_lsn = lsn;

	if (!srv_read_only_mode) {
		dberr_t err = fil_write_flushed_lsn(lsn);

		if (err != DB_SUCCESS) {
			ib::error() << "Writing flushed lsn " << lsn
				<< " failed; error=" << err;
		}
	}

	/* Make some checks that the server really is quiet */
	ut_ad(!srv_any_background_activity());

	ut_a(lsn == log_sys.get_lsn()
	     || srv_force_recovery == SRV_FORCE_NO_LOG_REDO);
}

/******************************************************//**
Prints info of the log. */
void
log_print(
/*======*/
	FILE*	file)	/*!< in: file where to print */
{
	double	time_elapsed;
	time_t	current_time;

	mysql_mutex_lock(&log_sys.mutex);

	const lsn_t lsn= log_sys.get_lsn();
	mysql_mutex_lock(&buf_pool.flush_list_mutex);
	const lsn_t pages_flushed = buf_pool.get_oldest_modification(lsn);
	mysql_mutex_unlock(&buf_pool.flush_list_mutex);

	fprintf(file,
		"Log sequence number " LSN_PF "\n"
		"Log flushed up to   " LSN_PF "\n"
		"Pages flushed up to " LSN_PF "\n"
		"Last checkpoint at  " LSN_PF "\n",
		lsn,
		log_sys.get_flushed_lsn(),
		pages_flushed,
		lsn_t{log_sys.last_checkpoint_lsn});

	current_time = time(NULL);

	time_elapsed = difftime(current_time,
				log_sys.last_printout_time);

	if (time_elapsed <= 0) {
		time_elapsed = 1;
	}

	fprintf(file,
		ULINTPF " pending log flushes, "
		ULINTPF " pending chkp writes\n"
		ULINTPF " log i/o's done, %.2f log i/o's/second\n",
		log_sys.pending_flushes.load(),
		log_sys.n_pending_checkpoint_writes,
		log_sys.n_log_ios,
		static_cast<double>(
			log_sys.n_log_ios - log_sys.n_log_ios_old)
		/ time_elapsed);

	log_sys.n_log_ios_old = log_sys.n_log_ios;
	log_sys.last_printout_time = current_time;

	mysql_mutex_unlock(&log_sys.mutex);
}

/**********************************************************************//**
Refreshes the statistics used to print per-second averages. */
void
log_refresh_stats(void)
/*===================*/
{
	log_sys.n_log_ios_old = log_sys.n_log_ios;
	log_sys.last_printout_time = time(NULL);
}

/** Shut down the redo log subsystem. */
void log_t::close()
{
  ut_ad(this == &log_sys);
  if (!is_initialised()) return;
  m_initialised= false;
  log.close();

  ut_free_dodump(buf, srv_log_buffer_size);
  buf= nullptr;
  ut_free_dodump(flush_buf, srv_log_buffer_size);
  flush_buf= nullptr;

  mysql_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
  mysql_mutex_destroy(&flush_order_mutex);

  recv_sys.close();

  aligned_free(checkpoint_buf);
  checkpoint_buf= nullptr;
}

std::string get_log_file_path(const char *filename)
{
  const size_t size= strlen(srv_log_group_home_dir) + /* path separator */ 1 +
                     strlen(filename) + /* longest suffix */ 3;
  std::string path;
  path.reserve(size);
  path.assign(srv_log_group_home_dir);

  std::replace(path.begin(), path.end(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR_ALT,
	       OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);

  if (path.back() != OS_PATH_SEPARATOR)
    path.push_back(OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
  path.append(filename);

  return path;
}

std::vector<std::string> get_existing_log_files_paths() {
  std::vector<std::string> result;

  for (int i= 0; i < 101; i++) {
    auto path= get_log_file_path(LOG_FILE_NAME_PREFIX)
                                 .append(std::to_string(i));
    os_file_stat_t stat;
    dberr_t err= os_file_get_status(path.c_str(), &stat, false, true);
    if (err)
      break;

    if (stat.type != OS_FILE_TYPE_FILE)
      break;

    result.push_back(std::move(path));
  }

  return result;
}