This patch adds functionality to row-based replication to ensure the
slave's column sizes are >= to that of the master.

It also includes some refactoring for the code from WL#3228.


mysql-test/extra/rpl_tests/rpl_extraSlave_Col.test:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  Removed commented out portion of test referenced in bug report. This
  test supports the original request of the bug report.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_extraCol_innodb.result:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  New result file for additional test.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_extraCol_myisam.result:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  New result file for additional test.
mysql-test/suite/rpl_ndb/r/rpl_ndb_extraCol.result:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  New result file for additional test.
sql/field.cc:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch refactors the additions made by this bug patch and those
  made by WL#3228. The effort consolidates the large switches on type()
  into functions within the field classes.
sql/field.h:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch refactors the additions made by this bug patch and those
  made by WL#3228. The effort consolidates the large switches on type()
  into functions within the field classes.
sql/log_event.cc:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch refactors the calc_field_size() method to use the new
  methods implemented in the field classes. It also corrects comments 
  concerning how replication of field metadata works.
sql/log_event.h:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch refactors out the calc_field_size() method into the method
  save_field_metadata().
sql/rpl_utility.cc:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch adds a method to check the size of the field on the master 
  using the field metadata from WL#3228. Each column is checked to ensure 
  the slave's column is >= to the master's column in size.
sql/rpl_utility.h:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  This patch changes the table_def class so that it records the size of
  the metadata. This is a result of refactoring out the calc_field_size()
  method into the method save_field_metadata(). Prevents access via 
  field_metadata(col) to unitialized memory when there is no metadata
  transmitted from the master.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_row_colSize.result:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  New result file for additional test.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_row_colSize.test:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  Added a test file to test each variable type that relies on field
  metadata from the master.
mysql-test/include/test_fieldsize.inc:
  BUG#22086 : Extra Slave Col: Char(5) on slave and Char(10) on master cause mysqld crash 
  
  Sub unit file to test each variable type that relies on field
  metadata from the master.