Stored routine DDL statements use statement-based replication
regardless of the current binlog format. The problem here was
that if a DDL statement failed during metadata lock acquisition
or opening of mysql.proc, the binlog format would not be reset
before returning. So the following DDL or DML statements are 
binlogged with a wrong binlog format, which causes the slave 
to stop.

The problem can be resolved by grabbing an exclusive MDL lock firstly
instead of clearing the current binlog format. So that the binlog
format will not be affected when the lock grab returns directly with
an error. The same way is taken to open a proc table for update.


mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_tmp_table_and_DDL.result:
  Test Result for bug#51839
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_tmp_table_and_DDL.test:
  Added test to make sure the binlog format is not changed
  after a execution of DDL with a table locked.
sql/sp.cc:
  Grab an exclusive MDL lock and open a proc table for update firstly
  instead of clearing the current binlog format.