Fix for bug #24912 "problems with bigint in abs() ceiling() round() truncate() mod()" and a number of related problems:

- unsigned flag was not handled correctly for a number of mathematical funcions, which led to incorrect results
- passing large values as the number of decimals to ROUND() resulted in incorrect results and even server crashes in some cases
- reverted the fix and the testcase for bug #10083 as it violates the manual
- fixed some testcases which relied on broken ROUND() behavior